1、Designation: D 4505 05Standard Specification forPreformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape forExtended Service Life1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers white or yellow preformedretroreflective pavement marking tape, that when applied
3、 to aroad surface, will provide a service life normally greater thanone year depending on the average daily traffic count (ADT).1.2 The preformed retroreflective pavement tape is suitablefor longitudinal markings and transverse markings includingword/symbol markings. It is designed to be a pavementm
4、arking with extended service life.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-tionsD 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D
5、 4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of HorizontalCoatingsD 6628 Specification for Color of Pavement Marking Ma-terialsE 303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Prop-erties Using the British Pendulum TesterE 1710 Test Method for Measurement of RetroreflectivePavement Marking Materials wit
6、h CEN-Prescribed Geom-etry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer2.2 CIE Publications:4No. 15.2 ColorimetryNo. 39.2 Recommendations for Surface Colours for VisualSignaling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 extended service life or period, na minimum serviceperiod of 12 months when placed in accordance
7、 with themanufacturers recommended procedures on pavement sur-faces having a daily traffic count not to exceed 15 000ADT perlane.3.1.1.1 Discussion15 000 ADT per lane is typical ofheavily traveled roads such as interstate highways throughmajor urban areas. See also Section 7 for factors affectingdur
8、ability.3.1.2 preformed tape, ncontinuous, flexible pavementmarking material that is essentially complete and that may beaffixed to or imbedded in the road surface without fundamen-tally altering its configuration.3.1.3 retroreflection, nreflection in which radiation isreturned in directions close t
9、o the direction from which it cameand maintained over wide variations of the direction of theincident radiation.3.1.4 surface pattern, na pattern on the surface, in whichthe raised areas are a minimum of 0.8 mm (31 mils) high andoccupy approximately 50 % of the surface area, presenting asubstantial
10、area of nearly vertical face to traffic from anyapproach.4. Classification4.1 Preformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape-shall be identified as:4.1.1 Reflectivity Level I; Class 1, 2 or 3; Skid ResistanceLevel A, or B.4.1.2 Reflectivity Level II; Class 1, 2 or 3; Skid ResistanceLevel A, or B.4.
11、2 Reflectivity Levels:4.2.1 Reflectivity Level IA tape that, when new, conformsto the retroreflectance requirements for Reflectivity Level I inTable 1 when measured in accordance with 6.4.4.2.2 Reflectivity Level IIAtape that, when new, conformsto the retroreflectance requirements for Reflectivity L
12、evel II inTable 1 when measured in accordance with 6.4.4.3 Classes:4.3.1 Class 1A tape without precoated adhesive, forapplication with liquid contact cement.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
13、e D04.38 onHighway Traffic Control Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4505 01a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
14、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4CIE publications are available from USNC-CIE Publications Office, TLALighting Consultants, Inc. 7 Pond Street, Salem, MA 01970.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
15、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3.2 Class 2A tape with precoated pressure-sensitiveadhesive, for application with or without surface preparationadhesive or primer.4.3.3 Class 3A tape with precoated pressure-sensitiveadhesive protectively covered by an
16、 easily removable liner.4.4 Skid Resistance:4.4.1 Skid Resistance Level AA tape that, when new, hasa skid resistance value of at least 45 BPN when tested inaccordance with 6.6.4.4.2 Skid Resistance Level BA tape that, when new, hasa skid resistance value of at least 55 BPN when tested inaccordance w
17、ith 6.6.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser using this specification shall include thefollowing information:5.1.1 ASTM designation (D 4505),5.1.2 Classification type for Retroreflectance (I or II; see4.2),5.1.3 Classification class for adhesive (1, 2, or 3; see 4.3),5.1.4 Classification skid re
18、sistance level (A or B; see 4.4),5.1.5 Daytime color (see 6.2),5.1.6 Width and Length of rolls, and5.1.7 Any additional information.6. Requirements6.1 Physical Requirements:6.1.1 The marking tape shall be flexible and shall conformto the typical road pavement surface.6.1.2 The marking tape shall adh
19、ere to asphalt or portlandcement concrete roadway surfaces when applied according tothe manufacturers recommended procedures on pavementsurfaces having temperatures down to 10C (50F).6.2 Color:6.2.1 The white and yellow marking tape shall conform tothe requirements of Specification D 6628.6.3 Dimens
20、ionsThe marking tape as supplied shall be freeof cracks, and have edges true, straight and unbroken. Theactual width of rolls of preformed marking tape used forstriping shall be no less than the nominal (stated) width and nomore than 3 mm (18 in.) greater than the nominal width. Thelength shall be n
21、o less than the length stated.6.4 Retroreflection :6.4.1 The marking tape shall be retroreflective, reflectingwhite or yellow, respectively, and shall be readily visible whenviewed with automobile headlights at night and shall haveminimum initial reflective values as shown in Table 1 whenmeasured in
22、 accordance with the photometric testing proce-dures of Test Method D 4061 or E 1710. The retroreflectanceof the marking tape shall be measured in one roll-windingdirection and then re-measured in the opposite direction. Bothmeasured values shall comply with the stated RLminimum.NOTE 1Retroreflectan
23、ce may be dependent on the direction in whichthe material is manufactured (for example, upweb RLmay differ fromdownweb RL.)6.4.2 Reflective values shall be expressed as a coefficient ofretroreflected luminance (RL) in millicandelas per square metreper lux.6.5 AdhesionA sample of marking tape, 25.4 m
24、m inwidth, applied according to the manufacturers recommendedprocedure and tested in accordance with Test Methods D 1000,shall have minimum adhesion values as shown in Table 2.6.6 Skid ResistanceSkid resistance shall be tested inaccordance with Test Method E 303.NOTE 2For tapes with a surface patter
25、n, results often are quitevariable. These tapes may be tested in a direction parallel to the flow oftraffic and 45 from the direction of traffic, and the results averaged.NOTE 3Skid resistance levels of 45BPN correspond to tapes havingexposed retroreflective glass beads. Higher levels of skid resist
26、ance areachievable with the addition of skid-resistance elements.7. Durability and Wear Resistance7.1 Factors affecting durability and wear resistance:7.1.1 Features of the pavement marking tape, such asthickness and wear surface material may affect durability. Ingeneral, thicker materials wear long
27、er than thinner materials ofthe same composition. Wear surfaces composed of hardermaterials, such as urethanes, may be more durable than thosemade of softer materials like vinyl.7.1.2 Roadway characteristics affect durabilityRoughroad surfaces, porous surfaces and high traffic volumes tend todecreas
28、e service life of markings. A high percentage of largevehicles tend to decrease service life. Encroachment or a lot ofvehicles turning on top of the marking decreases service life.Techniques and materials used for control of ice and snow alsoaffect durability.7.1.3 Tapes that are inlaid into the roa
29、d surface by groovingor hot rolling generally are more durable than the same tapesoverlaid on the road surface.7.2 Because no practical laboratory procedures have beendetermined to provide complete, reliable, predictive informa-tion on durability and wear resistance, the user is encouraged toseek in
30、formation from alternate sources.NOTE 4The National Transportation Product Evaluation Program,administered by AASHTO, publishes data on the durability of manypavement marking tapes gathered from various annual test decks. Thesedecks feature a wide variety of conditions, which may or may not beapplic
31、able to the users needs.8. Sampling8.1 Statistically based sampling plans that are appropriatefor each particular type or quantity may be used to obtainTABLE 1 Retroreflectance Values for New, Dry SamplesEntranceAngleObservationAngleRelativityLevelRL, mcd/m2/13White Yellow88.76 1.05 Reflectivity I 5
32、00 300Reflectivity II 250 175TABLE 2 AdhesionApplicationTemperature,C (F)TestTemperature,C (F)MinimumAdhesion, N10 (50) 10 (50) 4.8824 (75) 24 (75) 4.8846 (115) 46 (115) 4.88D4505052samples for use in determining compliance with this specifi-cation in accordance with Practice D 1898.8.2 For purposes
33、 of developing purchase specifications, alot size generally refers to the number of rolls in a lot.Sampling units are those rolls selected at random from the lot.A unit sample is the sample of tape taken from the roll.9. Storage9.1 StorageThe marking tape as supplied shall have aminimum shelf life o
34、f one year from date of purchase whenstored at temperatures under 38C (100F).10. Packaging and Marking10.1 The marking tape shall be packaged in rolls and thereshall be no more than three splices per 45.7 m (150 ft) oflength.10.2 The marking tape shall be packaged in accordance withaccepted commerci
35、al standards.11. Keywords11.1 pavement marking; pavement marking tape; retrore-flectance; tapeANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DISCUSSION OF “30-METRE” GEOMETRYA1.1 The European Committee for Standardization (CEN)originally developed the geometry used in this standard formeasuring the retroreflectanc
36、e of preformed tape (entranceangle 88.76 and observation angle 1.05). The angles werederived using theoretically typical heights for headlamps anddrivers eyes. These heights were further simplified by assum-ing a single headlamp is mounted directly under the driverseye (see Fig. A1.1). The geometry
37、is considered a goodapproximation for drivers viewing preformed tape on a flatroad, 30 m ahead of a car. Practical measures of retroreflec-tance at distances beyond 30 m have not yet been developed.D4505053ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
38、connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the res
39、ponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive caref
40、ul consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International
41、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. A1.1 CEN 30 Meter GeometryObservation and Entrance Angles for Simplified CEN CarD4505054
