1、Designation:D650700 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D6507 11Standard Practice forFiber Reinforcement Orientation Codes for CompositeMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6507; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes orientation codes for continuous-fiber-reinforced composite mat
3、erials. Orientation codes areexplicitly provided for two-dimensional laminates and braids. The laminate code may also be used for filament-wound materials.A method is included for presenting subscript information in computerized formats that do not permit subscript notation.2. Referenced Documents2.
4、1 ASTM Standards:2D3518/D3518M Test Method for In-Plane Shear Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by Tensile Test of a 45LaminateD3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsE1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases2.2 Other Documents:M
5、IL-HDBK-17-2D,MIL-HDBK-17-2F, Polymer Matrix Composites, Vol 2 Materials Properties, Section 1.6.13ISO 1268-1 Fibre-reinforced PlasticsMethods of Producing Test PlatesPart 1: General Conditions, Annex StackingDesignation Systems43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions in accordance with Terminology
6、 D3878 shall be used where applicable.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of a laminate orientation code is to provide a simple, easily understood method of describing the lay-up of alaminate. The laminate orientation code is based largely on a combination of industry practice and the codes used
7、in theNASA/DOD Advanced Composites Design Guide,5MIL-HDBK-17MIL-HDBK-17-2F, and ISO 1268-1.4.2 The braiding orientation code provides similar information for a two-dimensional braid, based largely on Standard TestMethods for Textile Composites.65. Reference System5.1 Areference plane and direction a
8、re selected before writing the orientation code. The reference plane is selected as the bottomor top layer for the laminate orientation code. For laminates symmetric about their midplane, the orientation code using the toplayer as the reference plane is identical to the orientation code using the bo
9、ttom layer as the reference plane; selection of thereference plane effectively determines the positive z- or three-axis of the laminate. The reference direction (0) is somewhatarbitrarily selected for convenience and relevance to the application. Often, a dominant fiber direction is defined to be 0.
10、 Anexample in which relevance to testing determines the reference direction is the D3518/D3518M in-plane shear specimens1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.01 on Editorial andReference Standards.Cu
11、rrent edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D650700. DOI:10.1520/D6507-00R05.on Editorial and Resource Standards.Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally approved in 2000. Last pre
12、vious edition approved in 2005 as D6507 00 (2005). DOI:10.1520/D6507-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the
13、ASTM website.3Available from DOD Single Stock Point, 700 Robbins Ave., Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil/4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5NASA/DODAdvanced Composites Desi
14、gn Guide, Vol. 4, Section 4.0.5,Air Force WrightAeronautical Laboratories, Day, OH, prepared by Rockwell International Corp.,1983(distribution limited).6Masters, J. E., and Portanova, M. A., Standard Test Methods for Textile Composites, NASA CR-4751, NASA Langley Research Center, 1996.19961This docu
15、ment is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as
16、appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.configuration for which the loading direction is selected
17、 as 0.6. Laminate Orientation (Lay-up) Code6.1 The following information and the examples in Fig. 1 describe the laminate orientation code. Ply directions and number oflayers are indicated using the laminate orientation code as follows:u1m1b1/u2m2b2.nsbnotes (1)where:u1, u2= ply orientations (degree
18、s) of the laminate stacking sequence (see 6.1.2),m1,m2= number of plies at each particular orientation u1, u2,.(not used for a single ply) (see 6.1.3),b1,b2= material type and form, or both, (if required) at each particular orientation u1, u2,.(see 6.1.5),n = number of repetitions of the bracketed g
19、roup of plies (see 6.1.4),s = indication of geometric symmetry (see 6.1.6), andb = indicator of material type and form, or both, (if required) for an abbreviated group of plies.All subscripts are lowercase with the exception of T for total (see 6.1.6).6.1.1 Laminae are listed in order from the refer
20、ence plane to the opposite side of the laminate. Square brackets are used toindicate the beginning and the end of the code.6.1.2 The orientation of each lamina with respect to the reference direction is indicated by the angle between the principal fiberdirection of that lamina and the reference dire
21、ction. When indicating the lay-up of a weave, the angle is measured between the warpdirection and the reference direction. Positive angles are measured counter-clockwise from the reference direction when lookingtoward the lay-up surface (right-hand rule). A consistent range of angles is used with al
22、l angles in the range 90 $ u 90.Orientations of successive laminae with different values are separated by a virgule (/). Pairs of plies of equal and opposite anglemay be indicated by plus-minus (6) and minus-plus 1! symbols, where the top of the symbol indicates the direction of the firstply. For ex
23、ample, +45/45/45/+45 is the same as 6 45/145.FIG. 1 Examples of Laminate Orientation CodeD6507 1126.1.3 Ply symbols for two or more adjacent laminae with the same orientation and material system can be condensed by writingthe common angle (and material form, if necessary) followed by a subscript equ
24、al to the number of identical plies. See Example4 in Fig. 1.6.1.4 When a laminate contains repeated and adjacent subsets of laminae, the code can be shortened by enclosing each subsetin parentheses with the closing parentheses followed by n, s, and b subscripts that apply to the entire subset, as ap
25、propriate. Asmany subsets as necessary to describe the laminate may be used within the square brackets. The entire set of laminae within thesquare brackets may be repeated as indicated by an optional final set of subscripts outside the closing bracket. For example:Full: 0/60/-60/0/90/0/90/0/60/-60/0
26、/90/0/90/90/0/90/0/-60/60/0/90/0/90/0/-60/60/0Condensed: 0/660)/(0/90)22sCondensed: 0/660/(0/90)22s6.1.5 The convention used for indicating materials with the b subscript is no subscript for a tape ply and a subscript of “f” fora weave (fabric). If the entire lay-up contains one type of lamina, the
27、appropriate subscript (for example, “f”) may follow theclosing square bracket. The laminate code for an interply hybrid has the different materials contained in the laminate indicated byunique subscripts on the laminae. The relation between subscript and material type must be identified in the notes
28、 at the end ofthe code.6.1.6 All symmetry considered in this document is about the midplane of the laminate. A subscript of “s” is used if the first halfof the lay-up is indicated and the second half is symmetric with the first. When a symmetric lay-up with an odd number of laminaeis shown, the laye
29、r bisected by the midplane is indicated by overlining the angle of that lamina. The strict interpretation of thisnotation is that half of that lamina lies within each of the two parts of the symmetric laminate. Where the subscript s is not used,a subscript T (for total) may be used to indicate that
30、the entire lay-up is indicated.6.1.7 Additional notes to describe orientation of ply faces, identification of materials used in the laminate, and so on, may appearat the end of the orientation code.6.2 Since many computer programs do not permit the use of subscripts and superscripts, the following m
31、odifications arerecommended based on Guide E1309. This form is included in Fig. 1, except for laminate orientation codes that require nomodification.6.2.1 Subscript information is preceded by a colon (:), for example, 90/0:2/45:s.6.2.2 A bar over a ply (designating a nonrepeated ply in a symmetric l
32、aminate) is indicated by a backslash () after the ply, forexample, 0/45/90:s.6.2.3 Plus-minus (6) and minus-plus 1! symbols are replaced by “+” or “+.”6.3 This lay-up code may also be used for filament-wound materials in which the 0 direction is usually the winding axis ofsymmetry, and the reference
33、 plane is usually the tool surface.7. Braiding Orientation Codes7.1 The following information describes the two-dimensional braiding orientation code.7.1.1 Fiber direction, yarn size, and number of layers are indicated using the following braiding orientation code:0m1/6um2.nN notes (2)where:u = brai
34、d angle,m1= number of fibers in the axial yarn bundles (k used for thousands),m2= number of fibers in the braided yarn bundles (k used for thousands),n = number of braided layers in a laminate, andN = volume percentage of axial yarns in the preform.7.1.2 Volume percentage of axial yarns in the prefo
35、rm provides an indication of the relative modulus of a preform in theprincipal axial directions. The volume percentage is calculated from information about the braider yarns and the axial yarn. In atwo-dimensional triaxial braid, there are two braider yarns and one axial yarn in a unit. Choosing a u
36、nit volume, the total(combined) length of the two braider yarns is calculated from the axial yarn length (lA) and the braid angle (BA) as follows:lB5 2lA/cos BA! (3)The total braider yarn content (assuming unit thickness) is the total braider yarn length times the cross-sectional area of thebraider
37、yarn (AB). The total axial yarn content is the axial yarn length (l) times the cross-sectional area of the axial yarn (AA). Thetotal yarn content is the sum of these two computations. The percentage of axial yarn in the preform is then the total axial yarncontent divided by the total yarn content (t
38、he sum of the total axial and total braider yarn contents) as follows:N 5 AA/$2 AB/cos BA!# 1 AA% (4)If the same fiber (that is, AS4, IM6, and so forth) is used in the axial and braider yarns, the cross-sectional areas are proportionalto the number of fibers in the yarns. Given this simplification,
39、the equation to compute the axial yarn contents is as follows:(5) N 5 nA/$2 nB/cos BA!# 1 nA%Note, this computation ignores yarn crimp and jamming of the yarn bundles.D6507 1137.1.3 Examples in Table 1 illustrate the use of the braiding orientation code.8. Keywords8.1 composite materials; continuous
40、-fiber-reinforced composite materials; orientation codesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent
41、 rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either
42、 for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hea
43、ring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard
44、 may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Examples of Braiding Orientation CodeBraid CodeAxial YarnSize, kBraidAngle, BraidedYarn Size, kNumber ofLayersAxial YarnContent, %030k/6706k363 % 30 670 6 3 63012k/6606k533 % 12 660 6 5 33D6507 114
