1、Designation: D 7156 07aAn American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diese
3、l engine oils for performance characteristics ina diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation,including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).2This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.31.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure forrunning an abbrevia
4、ted length test, which is commonly referredto as the T-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical tothe T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed inAnnex A8. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed inAnnex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11procedure.1.2 Th
5、e values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. Within the test method,the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses when combinedwith SI units. The only exception is where there is no direct SIequivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/dia
6、meters, and tubing sizes.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pri
7、or to use. See Annex A6 forspecific safety hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 130 Test
8、 Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D 287 Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Vis
9、cosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Prod
10、uctsby Potentiometric TitrationD 976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-late FuelsD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D 2500 Test Me
11、thod for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD 3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel1This test me
12、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2007 a
13、s D 715607.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this testmethod by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all informationletters through 07-1. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM TestMonitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Att
14、ention: Admin-istrator.3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patentrights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of thisstandard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patentrights, and the risk of infringem
15、ent of such rights, are entirely their ownresponsibility.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website1Copy
16、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Engine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and Lubric
17、antsD 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPoten
18、tiometric TitrationD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total S
19、ulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD 6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-taining Fluids Using a European Diesel InjectorApparat
20、usD 6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress andApparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Tempera-tureD 7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Con-taining Fluids Using a European Diesel InjectorApparatusat 30 and 90 CyclesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data
21、toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-etry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a so
22、urce independent from the test facility.D 41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion products, and unburned air- and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D 41753.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E
23、3443.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification.D 41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrog
24、enoxides (NOx). Automotive Handbook53.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D 44853.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion en-gines, one that is designed to
25、allow operation continuously ator close to its peak output. D 44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-date oil. D 41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the st
26、andard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D 41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which
27、 can pro-duce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifestedas sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, orcorrosion, or combination thereof. D 41753.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReferen
28、ce oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel
29、combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D 41753.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment that is assembled according tothe requirements in the test method, and conducted accordingto the
30、specified operating conditions.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe specified operating conditions insome test methods include requirements for determining atests operational validity. These requirements are applied aftera test is completed and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for theaverage values of primary and
31、 secondary parameters that arenarrower than the specified control ranges for the individualvalues, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary andsecondary parameters for the specified control ranges, (3)downtime limitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.D 41753.1.14 varnish, nin intern
32、al combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a cloth. D 41753.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from, or relocation ofmaterial on, a surface.3.1.15.1 DiscussionWear generally occurs between twosurfaces moving relative to each othe
33、r, and is the result ofmechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-chanical and chemical action. D 41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation5Available from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000
34、 Stuttgart 1,Germany.D 7156 07a2(EGR). Two 30-min oil flushes are followed by a 252-h test atconstant speed and load conditions.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and soot content.4.3 Engine rebuilds may be necessary as indicated bydegradation of test parameters and
35、are left to the discretion ofthe test laboratory. At rebuild, the power section of the engineis disassembled, solvent-cleaned, and rebuilt, using all newpistons, rings, cylinder liners, valves, and valve guides, in strictaccordance with furnished specification.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase
36、and replace worn ordefective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forcontrolling speed, load, and various engine operating condi-tions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the viscosityincrease and soot concentration (loading) performance ofeng
37、ine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle dieselengines equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oilanalysis.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is
38、 a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, using 2002 cylinder heads (Annex A2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,charge air-cooled, and compression ignition engine. The boreand stroke are 124 by 165 mm (478
39、 3 612 in.), and thedisplacement is 12 L (728 in3.).6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and other contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumula
40、tion of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 The Test Engine:6.2.1 Mack T-11 Test EngineThe engine and cylinderheads are available from Mack Trucks, Inc.6A complete partslist is shown in Table A2.1, Annex A2. Use test parts on afirst-i
41、n/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, Annex A2, every test, to limit scaling in the coolingsystem. Pressurize the system to 103 kPa (15 psi) at theexpansion tank. Use the coolant shown in 7.3.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurize
42、d external engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check
43、 for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort to prevent localized boiling. Block thethermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow the coolant from the engine block fitting to theEGR coolers, see Fig. A1.3, Annex A1. Return the EGRcoolant flow to the engine coolant-in line, near the coolantpump inlet, see F
44、ig. A1.7, Annex A1.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional 11.4 L (12 qt) minimum volume sump by usinga separate closed tank connected to the engine sump. Circulateoil through the system with an auxiliary pump. The systemschematic is shown
45、 in Fig.A1.1,AnnexA1. The No. 6 and No.8 lines are to have inside diameters of 10 mm (38 in.) and 13mm (12 in.), respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 size vent line.Equivalent lines may be substituted for Aeroquip7lines pro-vided they have the proper inside diameters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil sy
46、stem suction line on theexhaust side of the oil pan, so that the inside bottom of theauxiliary oil system suction fitting is 152 mm (6.00 in.) downfrom the oil pan rail and 178 mm (7.00 in.) back from the frontof the pan. Refer to Fig.A1.4,AnnexA1. Connect the auxiliaryoil system return line to the
47、power steering pump cover on thefront timing gear cover. Refer to Fig.A1.5,AnnexA1. Connectthe auxiliary oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oilsump bucket and the dipstick tube opening.6.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump Model SG053514 as the auxiliaryoil pumps (see A2.10). Nominal pump speed is 17
48、25 r/min.Shut off the auxiliary oil pumps if the auxiliary oil system goesdry.6.2.3.4 Use a sight glass to aid in determining the oil levelshould the auxiliary oil system run dry. An example of a sightglass setup is shown in Fig. A1.18, Annex A1.6.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler ad
49、apter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.7, Annex A2.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8, Annex A1.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowbycondensate from draining back into the engine, ensure theblowby line has a downward slope to a collection bucket.Ensure the collection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L(5 gal). Locate the blowby meter downstream of the collectionbucket. The slope
