1、Designation: F2408 11F2408 16Standard Specification forOrnamental Fences Employing Galvanized Steel TubularPickets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2408; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum requirements for coated tubular picket ornamental fence systems fabricat
3、ed fromgalvanized steel components.1.2 The requirements of this specification do not apply to vertical bar fence systems utilizing solid bar or wrought iron materials.1.3 The values stated with in-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values in parentheses are provided forinformation.2.
4、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A239 Practice for Locating the Thinnest Spot in a Zinc (Galvanized) Coating on Iron or Steel Articles,A653/A653M Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by theHot-Dip ProcessA1008/A1008M Specification f
5、or Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-StrengthLow-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution Hardened, and Bake HardenableA1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy w
6、ith Improved Formability, and Ultra-High StrengthB117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related CoatingsD1654 Test M
7、ethod for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesD2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impa
8、ct)D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesF2814 Guide for Design and Construction of Ornamental Steel Picket Fence Systems for Security Purposes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 tubular picket
9、ornamental metal fence systeman architectural metal fence system that combines ornamental fencestructural components (that is, tubular pickets, rails, and posts) with ornamental accessories and fasteners, assembled and evaluatedas a complete installed structure.3.1.2 fence panelfabricated unit consi
10、sting of rails and pickets. Also referred to as a fence section.3.1.3 railhorizontal structural component of a fence panel.3.1.4 tubular pickethollow vertical ornamental component of a fence panel.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and is the direct respon
11、sibility of Subcommittee F14.35 on Architectural Metal FenceSystems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2012January 2016. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20092011 asF2408 - 09.F2408 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/F2408-11.10.1520/F2408-16.2 For ref
12、erencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide
13、the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the stan
14、dard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 postvertical fence structural component that supports the panel in the ornamental metal fence system.3.1.6 ornam
15、ental accessoryany fitting that adds further decoration to an ornamental metal fence system including items suchas finials, caps, picket collars, rings, scrolls, or other ornamental panel inserts.3.1.1 adhesionthe bonding integrity of an organic coating to the base metal substrate.3.1.2 corrosion re
16、sistancethe ability of an organically coated metal product to resist attack due to the base metal attemptingto return to a more passive oxidized state.3.1.3 fence panelfabricated unit consisting of rails and pickets. Also referred to as a fence section.3.1.4 impact resistancethe measure of an organi
17、cally coated metal product to resist indention; the ability of a coating to resistcracking or loss of adhesion due to reforming the metal during bending or a shape change from abuse.3.1.5 ornamental accessoryany fitting that adds further decoration to an ornamental metal fence system including items
18、 suchas finials, caps, picket collars, rings, scrolls, or other ornamental panel inserts.3.1.6 postvertical fence structural component that supports the panel in the ornamental metal fence system.3.1.7 railhorizontal structural component of a fence panel.3.1.8 tubular pickethollow vertical ornamenta
19、l component of a fence panel.3.1.9 tubular picket ornamental metal fence systeman architectural metal fence system that combines ornamental fencestructural components (that is, tubular pickets, rails, and posts) with ornamental accessories and fasteners, assembled and evaluatedas a complete installe
20、d structure.3.1.10 weathering resistancethe ability of an organically coated metal product to resist loss of coating gloss or color changedue to excessive humidity or ultra-violet (UV) sunlight exposure.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to define minimum selection crite
21、ria and test procedures to ensure product users that atubular picket ornamental metal fence system has the strength necessary to withstand reasonable loads and penetration forces, andhas the appropriate combination of material and surface protection to withstand the harmful effects of corrosion and
22、weatheringfor an extended period of time.4.2 For security applications, more definitive requirements are listed in Guide F2814.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Steel material for tubular picket ornamental fence system structural components shall be galvanized by the hot-dip process,either after formi
23、ng (in accordance with 5.1.1), or prior to forming (in accordance with 5.1.2).5.1.1 Steel material for fence structural components (that is, tubular pickets, rails, and posts), when galvanized after forming,shall conform to the requirements of Specification A1008/A1008M or Specification A1011/A1011M
24、, with a minimum yieldstrength of 45 000 psi (310 MPa). The exterior shall be hot-dip galvanized with a 0.3 oz/ft2 (92 g/m2) minimum zinc weight. Theexterior galvanized surface shall be chemical treated or conversion coated to adhere a polymeric coating.Apolymeric coating shallbe applied and provide
25、 a minimum of 95 % surface coverage as disclosed by Practice A239, Procedure 7.1. The interior surfaceshall be coated with a thermosetting coating containing zinc or other rust inhibitors and have 0.3 mils (0.0076 mm) minimumthickness.5.1.2 Steel material for fence structural components (that is, tu
26、bular pickets, rails, and posts), when galvanized prior to forming,shall conform to the requirements of Specification A653/A653M, with a minimum yield strength of 45 000 psi (310 MPa). ForIndustrial applications (see Table 1), the steel shall be hot-dip galvanized to meet Specification A653/A653M wi
27、th a minimum zinccoating weight of 0.9 oz/ft2 (276 g/m2), Coating Designation G-90. For Light Industrial Commercial and Residential applications(see Table 1), the steel shall be hot-dip galvanized to meet Specification A653/A653M with a minimum zinc coating weight of 0.6oz/ft2 (184 g/m2), Coating De
28、signation G-60.5.2 Organic Coating Materials:5.2.1 Powder coatings applied to the exterior surface of fence components shall be polymer material: polyester or epoxy andpolyester combinations having a minimum thickness of 3 mils; polyolefin elastomer having a minimum thickness of 7 mils; or PVChaving
29、 a minimum thickness of 10 mils.5.2.2 Wet coating applied to the exterior surface of fence components shall be a two-coat paint application system (one coat ofepoxy, polyester or polyurethane primer; one coat of polyester, polyurethane, or acrylic liquid) with the total combined coatinghaving a mini
30、mum thickness of 2 mils.5.3 Fittings, fasteners, and decorative accessories for ornamental steel fence systems shall be manufactured with a material andfinish coating that meets the same protective coating performance requirements as required for panels and posts.F2408 1626. Physical Dimensions6.1 C
31、ross-section and thickness dimensional requirements for ornamental metal fence structural components shall be asspecified by the manufacturer, provided that the performance criteria of Section 8 are met. Table 1 is provided as a guideline toshow nominal values typically used for residential, light i
32、ndustrial (commercial) commercial, and industrial applications.6.2 Fence height and space between rails may vary in accordance with manufacturers standards, provided local ordinances andbuilding codes do not limit these dimensions for a specific application, such as might be the case for pool safety
33、, gate safety, orstructural wind load bearing capacity. No sharply pointed picket tops shall be used on fences less than four ft (1.22 m) in height.NOTE 1Fence height is a nominal value and is typically the distance from grade to the top of the fence.6.3 The spacing between pickets shall be four in.
34、 (101.6 mm) or less; however, if applicable local regulations (such as may beapplied to pool fencing, child care facility fencing, public railing systems, or fencing adjacent to automated gates, and so forth)have more restrictive spacing requirements, then those local regulations shall govern.7. Wor
35、kmanship7.1 All ornamental metal fence system components shall be produced using materials and finishes specified in Section 5, andshall be free from defects in workmanship.8. TestingStructural8.1 Structural Test Method AApplication of Horizontal Concentrated Load:8.1.1 Installation of Test Specimen
36、One line of fence with a minimum of three panels of the fence system to be tested shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturers specifications and drawings. Selection of the test specimen should consider themaximum range of styles and sizes to be certified (see Section 10).8.1.2 Apparatus:8
37、.1.2.1 Testing MachineAny testing machine or loading device, capable of imposing forces accurate to within 1 % (plus orminus), when calibrated in accordance with Practices E4, is suitable and may be used, provided the requirements of specified rateof loading and unloading are met. The testing device
38、 shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of its various componentsand shall ensure that the applied load remains essentially parallel to the relevant axis of the assembly during testing.8.1.2.2 Test SystemA diagrammatic test set-up for applying horizontal tension forces to the assembly i
39、s shown in Fig. 1. Thebearing plate, normally 6 in. (150 mm) long, shall be of sufficient size to prevent local failure of the surrounding structuralmembers or components. The loading device shall be attached to the assembly by means of pins or a swivel connector to preventthe direct transfer of any
40、 flexural forces through the connection.8.1.2.3 Deflection MeasurementsDial gauges, having a smallest division of not more than 0.01 in. (0.25 mm), or any suitablemeasurement devices or calibrated sensors of at least comparable accuracy and sensitivity shall be used to measure the horizontaldisplace
41、ments of the top rail relative to its original location at each loading point prior to load application. These devices shall havesufficient measurement capability to indicate the displacement throughout the test range.TABLE 1 Nominal Sizes for Ornamental Fence Structural ComponentsApplication Compon
42、ent Typical Cross-Section Wall ThicknessResidential Picket 58 by 58 in. (15.9 by 15.9 mm) 18 Ga.Rail 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) 18 Ga.Post 2 by 2 in. (50.8 by 50.8 mm) 16 Ga.Light Industrial (Commercial) Picket 34 by 34 in. (19.0 by 19.0 mm) 16 Ga.Rail 1-38 by 1-12 in. (34.9 by 38.1 mm) or1-12 by
43、1-12 in. (38.1 by 38.1 mm)14 Ga.Post 2-12 by 2-12 in. (63.5 by 63.5 mm) 14 Ga.Industrial Picket 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) 16 Ga.Rail 1-38 by 1-12 in. (34.9 by 38.1 mm) or1-12 by 1-12 in. (38.1 by 38.1 mm)14 Ga.Post 3 by 3 in. (76.2 by 76.2 mm) 12 Ga.TABLE 1 Nominal Sizes for Ornamental Fence Stru
44、ctural ComponentsApplication Component Typical Cross-Section Wall ThicknessResidential Picket 58 by 58 in. (15.9 by 15.9 mm) 18 Ga.Rail 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) 18 Ga.Post 2 by 2 in. (50.8 by 50.8 mm) 16 Ga.Commercial Picket 34 by 34 in. (19.0 by 19.0 mm) 16 Ga.Rail 1-38 by 1-12 in. (34.9 by 38.
45、1 mm) or1-12 by 1-12 in. (38.1 by 38.1 mm)14 Ga.Post 2-12 by 2-12 in. (63.5 by 63.5 mm) 14 Ga.Industrial Picket 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) 16 Ga.Rail 1-38 by 1-12 in. (34.9 by 38.1 mm) or1-12 by 1-12 in. (38.1 by 38.1 mm)14 Ga.Post 3 by 3 in. (76.2 by 76.2 mm) 12 Ga.F2408 1638.1.3 Procedure:8.1.3.
46、1 PositioningPosition the test stand in such a way that the load is applied, as shown in Fig. 1, to the structural memberperpendicular to the plane of the fence system without causing any local failure at the point of load application.8.1.3.2 Mounting of InstrumentsMount the dial gauge, measurement
47、device, or sensor at the loading point as is shown in Fig.1. Place the sensing element of the instrument in contact with and normal to the surface or an extension of the surface of the toprail of the fence system being tested in such a way as to measure displacement in the direction of the applied l
48、oad.8.1.4 Load Application:8.1.4.1 Initial Load ApplicationApply an initial load corresponding to 50 % of the required test load (see Table 2) for aminimum of two minutes in order to bring all members into full bearing. Reduce load to 25 % of the required test load (50 % ofthe preload), and observe
49、the initial deflection. The deflection at this initial test load shall be the base point for subsequentdeflection readings.8.1.4.2 Step Load ApplicationOnce the initial deflection point has been established, load application shall proceed at auniform rate (see 8.1.4.3) to the required test load and the load, held for a minimum of one minute, and released to the initial load,where the final deflection shall be calculateddetermined (by subtracting the deflection reading at initial test load from the deflectionreading at the re
