1、Designation: F2872 11F2872 16Standard Specification for225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light Truck StandardReference Test Tire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2872; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the 225/75R16C 116/114S radial light truck (or Eu
3、ropean light dutyvehicle) standard reference test tire.The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction,snow traction, and wear performance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise,or other tests th
4、at require a reference tire.1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.1.2 This specification provides a 16.0 rim diameter code standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, andspecifies the conditions of storage.1.3 The v
5、alues stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
6、 with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastome
7、rsTensionD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing StandardVulcanized SheetsE867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE1136 Specification for P195/75R14 Radial Standard R
8、eference Test TireF538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of TiresF2493 Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test TireF2870 Specification for 315/70R22.5 154/150L Radial Truck Standard Reference Test TireF2871 Specification for 245/70R19.5 136/134M Radi
9、al Truck Standard Reference Test Tire2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 868 Plastics and ebonite Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness)ISO 21509 Plastics and Ebonite Verification of Shore durometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this
10、specification, refer to Terminology F538.3.1.2 pavement characteristic, nphysical feature or property of a pavement surface such as type, roughness, texture, and skidresistance. E8671 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and is the direct responsibility of Subc
11、ommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2016. Published March 2011November 2016. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asF2872 11. DOI: 10.1520/F2872-11.10.1520/F2872-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www
12、.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blan
13、donnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depic
14、t all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
15、8-2959. United States13.1.3 pitch, nunit of tread pattern elements used in various combinations to obtain optimum noise levels. F5383.1.4 standard reference test tire, SRTT, ntire that is used as a control tire or surface-monitoring tire (for example,Specifications E1136, F2493, F2870, F2871, and F2
16、872 tires). F5384. Design and Construction4.1 The 225/75R16C 116/114S standard reference test tire shall feature the steel-belted radial technology, see Fig. 1 and Fig.2, with technology as described in Sections 5 7.4.2 The tire shall be designed to conform to the European Tyre and Rim Technical Org
17、anisation (ETRTO) dimensions andtolerances for cross section and overall diameter found in the current ETRTO Standards Manual.44.3 The tire used for this specification is produced by Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin.5 The tire is stampedon the sidewall with the words: “Standard Refere
18、nce Test Tire” and “F2872”.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The individual standard reference test tires shall conform to the manufacturers design standards.5.2 Tread compound, fabric processing, and all the steps in tire manufacturing shall be controlled to ensure minimum variabilitybetween tires.5.
19、3 The standard reference test tire shall be as originally molded without any tread grinding or repairs.5.4 Since the formulation for tread compounds are proprietary, they shall be controlled by means of their physical propertiesgiven in Table 1.5.5 Dimensions, weights, and permissible variations are
20、 given in Section 7.5.6 The tire shall be of the following construction:5.6.1 Two-ply sidewall construction (polyester).5.6.2 A five-ply tread construction (two-ply polyester and three steel belts).5.6.3 Black sidewall.6. Physical Properties6.1 The physical properties of the tread compound are liste
21、d in Table 1.7. Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Variations7.1 Details of dimensions are listed as follows and are shown in Fig. 3. When tolerances are not specified, tire dimensions aresubject to manufacturers normal tolerances.4 Available from the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation 3
22、2/2, avenue Brugmann78/80, rue Defacqz B-1060 Brussels Belgium.5 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Manufacture Francaise des Pneumatiques Michelin CERLLadoux, 23 place des CarmesDechaux, 6304 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 09, France (attn. F43 Magasin specify
23、 225/75R16C 116/114S Michelin light truck SRTT). If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Front View
24、of the 225/75R16C 116/114S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test TireF2872 1627.2 Inflated Dimensions and Cured Cord Angles (at 475 kPa (69 psi):7.2.1 The tread width shall be 175.6 mm (6.91 in.), and the cross-sectional tread radius shall be 700 6 50.8 mm (27.56 6 2.0in.).7.2.2 The tread radiu
25、s is measured using a reference radius template as shown in Fig. 4.7.2.3 The tire shall have an overall section width of 223 mm (8.78 in.), and an outside diameter of 750.9 mm (29.56 in.) whenmounted on a measuring rim (16 by 6.00 rim).7.2.4 The cured cord angles shall be 90 6 2 for the carcass and
26、22 6 2 for the 3 belts.7.3 RibsThe tire shall have four ribs.7.4 GroovesThe tire shall have three circumferential grooves having a minimum tread depth of 8.6 mm (0.339 in.).7.5 Tread Design:7.5.1 Groove (Void) Area Fraction30 % in surface, 22.5 % in volume.7.5.2 Number of Pitches72.7.5.3 Footprint S
27、ize168.1 mm wide by 188.4 mm long (6.62 by 7.42 in.) at 1250 kg (2756 lb) at 475 kPa (69 psi).7.6 Tread Wear IndicatorsThe tire shall have indicators in each groove, laterally across the tread width, in at least six locationsspaced uniformly around the tire circumference. The height of the wear indi
28、cators in the grooves shall be 1.6 mm (0.0625 in.), 0.00 mm, + 0.60 mm.NOTE 1Tread depth is not to be measured at these wear indicators.8. Workmanship8.1 Tires shall be free of defects in workmanship and material.9. Test Methods9.1 Preparation of tensile sheet cure shall be in accordance with Practi
29、ce D3182.9.2 Stress at 300 % elongation shall be in accordance with Test Methods D412.9.3 Tensile strength shall be in accordance with Test Methods D412.9.4 Elongation shall be in accordance with Test Methods D412.9.5 Tire tread hardness shall be in accordance with Test MethodISO 21509 D2240and ISO
30、868 in addition to the following:9.5.1 Use a Type A durometer that has the center of the presser foot at a minimum of 6.0 mm (0.24 in.) from any edge of thefoot.9.5.2 Check the durometer operation and the state of calibration of the durometer with the rubber reference block(s).block(s)or do the cali
31、bration of the durometer before and after the measurement of the SRTT.9.5.3 Condition the tire and the durometer to an equilibrium of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) before determining the tread hardness.FIG. 2 Side View of the 225/75R16C 116/114S Radial Light Truck Standard Reference Test TireTABLE 1 Physica
32、l Properties of Tread CompoundTensile sheet cure, min at 160C (320F) 15.0 minStress at 300 % elongation, Mpa (psi) 11.0 1.0 MPa (1595 145 psi)Stress at 300 % elongation, Mpa (psi) 11.0 2.0 MPa (1595 290 psi)Tensile strength, min MPa (psi) 15.5 MPa (2250 psi) minElongation, min % 450 % minDurometer h
33、ardnessA 65 2 Type ADurometer hardnessA 64 2 Type AA Measured on tire tread.F2872 1639.5.4 Determine the tire tread hardness by averaging at least four readings. Take these readings in the center of each rib,excluding the center rib. It is recommended that additional sets of readings be taken around
34、 the tread circumference.9.5.5 Apply the presser foot to the tire tread, as rapidly as possible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the tread surface.Apply just enough pressure to obtain firm contact between the presser foot and the tread surface. Read the durometer scale withinFIG. 3 Tire C
35、ross Section 225/75R16C 116/114S M+S Radial Light TruckFIG. 4 Measuring a Tread Radius using a Reference Radius TemplateF2872 1641 s as soon as a stabilized value is obtained (see durometer manufacturer recommendations) after the presser foot has made contactwith the tread, but after the initial max
36、imum transient needle deflection that may occur immediately after contact is made.10. Certification10.1 Upon request, the manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser certification that the test tire meets this specification.10.2 All tires under certification shall be subject to the manufacturers nor
37、mal variation.11. Storage and Preservation11.1 The tires shall be stored under constant relative humidity conditions at a temperature not to exceed 21C (70F) and abovefreezing. The ozone level in the storage area shall not exceed 5 parts/108 (or 5 mPa partial pressure), and no tires shall be storedw
38、ithin 9.1 m (30 ft) of electrical motors or other ozone-generating equipment. Storage of the tires shall be in subdued light, withthe tires stacked unbundled, no more than eight tires high on a pallet.12. Recommendations for Tire Use and Operational Requirements12.1 It is recommended that the tire b
39、e used as a reference for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performanceevaluations, and for other evaluations where a standard reference test tire is determined to be required.12.2 The tire shall be mounted on an ETRTO measuring rim width code of 6.00 (for example, 16 by 6.00 J rim).12.3 Whe
40、n irregular wear or damage results from tests, or when wear influences the test results, the use of the tire shall bediscontinued.12.4 Test results, such as measured friction force, may be influenced by tire tread depth or tread hardness or both.The magnitudeof this dependence is a function of the w
41、ater depth, pavement characteristics, test speed, tire aging effects, and break-in.13. Keywords13.1 braking; F09; light truck; SRTT; standard reference test tire; tire pavement friction; wet brakingAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 This specification covers the general requirements
42、 for the 225/75R16C (LT) light truck radial standard reference test tire.Thetire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performanceevaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations such as pavement roughness, noise,
43、or other tests that require a referencetire.X1.2 Standards International standards and regulatory initiatives in Europe on wet grip braking performance for commercialvehicle tires (or as known in Europe, Class C2 and C3 tires) have required the development of this commercial vehicle standardreferenc
44、e test tire. The use of the standard reference test tire is necessary to limit the variability of the testing method procedures.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
45、 expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not r
46、evised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
47、may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United S
48、tates. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 165
