1、BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 156:1971 Recommendations for Aiming of headlamps and auxiliary lamps on motor vehicles UDC 629.113.06:628.971.85(1 195.2)BSAU156:1971 This BritishStandard, having been approved by the AutomobileIndustry Standards Committee, was published underthe authority of
2、 theExecutive Board of theInstitutionon 13September1971 BSI 02-2000 The following BSI references relates to the work on this standard: Committee reference AUE/1 Draft for comment 70/16942 ISBN 0 580 06675 4 Foreword These Recommendations have been prepared under the authority of the Automobile Indus
3、try Standards Commtitee of BSI. Motor vehicle headlamps are optically precise devices for producing light in directions specific to each type of unit. When mounted on the vehicle, these directions must be orientated in relation to the horizontal plane passing through the headlamp centre and the long
4、itudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle so that the desired beam effect is achieved. Vehicle headlamps are designed to produce either a long-range main beam for open road driving or a short range dipped beam. Aimed too high, the dipped beams will give increased range but will also dazzle. On the o
5、ther hand, aimed too low these beams will not dazzle but will give inadequate range. Both conditions are equally dangerous and the correct result can only be achieved by correct alignment of the beams. It is essential therefore, that headlamps are correctly mounted and orientated on the vehicle and
6、maintained so that the beams are directed in the direction intended. In practice the aim of headlamps is affected by the way in which the vehicle is loaded. These Recommendations describe the way in which headlamps should be set under specified conditions of loading. NOTEAttention is drawn to the Ro
7、ad Vehicles Lighting Regulations which give legal requirements relating to the mounting and the use of headlamps and auxiliary lamps on motor vehicles. The vehicle loading conditions and the aiming procedures given in Clauses8 and9 are considered to be those which will be most effective in obtaining
8、 uniform aiming of headlamps. Users of these recommendations are urged to write to BSI giving their experience in applying them in practice; in particular, constructive proposals for improvement will be welcomed. Reference is made in this standard to various Regulations published by the Inland Trans
9、port Committee of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from
10、legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to12 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside fron
11、t cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSAU156:1971 BSI 02-2000 i Contents Page Foreword Inside front cover 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Types of headlamps 1 4 Types of headlamp beam 3 5 Prealignment checks 3 6 Aiming equipment 3 7 Positioning of vehicle and aiming screen
12、4 8 Vehicle loading 4 9 Procedure for aiming and checking of aim 4 Figure 1 Typical headlamp identifications for headlamps complying with ECE regulations 8 Figure 2 Typical headlamp beam patterns as viewed on an aiming screen 11 Figure 3 Vehicle position with respect to aiming screen 12 Table 1 Type
13、s of headlamps commonly encountered in UK (seeFigure 1 andFigure 2) 2ii blankBSAU156:1971 BSI 02-2000 1 1 Scope These Recommendations deal with the methods to be used for the aiming and checking of headlamps and auxiliary lamps on motor vehicles, including motorcycles and scooters, where the left-ha
14、nd rule of the road is applicable. The recommendations are intended for both the initial aiming and the subsequent checking of the aim of headlamps and auxiliary lamps. Information on the different types of headlamps in current use is given. Except where otherwise stated, the recommendations apply e
15、qually to headlamps, fog lamps and supplementary main beam lamps. 2 Definitions For the purposes of these Recommendations the following definitions apply: main (driving or upper) beam a beam of light intended primarily for distant illumination of the road when no other vehicle is approaching dipped
16、(meeting or lower) beam a beam of light intended to illuminate the road ahead of the vehicle when meeting other road users high intensity zone (hot spot) the zone of highest intensity of a beam as it appears to an observer viewing the beam thrown upon a screen or other aiming surface 2-Headlamp syst
17、em two headlamps, mounted one on each side of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle, each headlamp containing a filament or filaments providing the main and the dipped beams NOTECertain classes of vehicle are permitted to use a2-headlamp system providing only dipped beams. Such headlamps
18、 are aimed according to the type of dipped beams fitted. 4-Headlamp system four headlamps mounted in pairs, one pair on each side of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle. In each pair, one headlamp contains a filament providing the main beam, and the other headlamp contains a filament p
19、roviding the dipped beam and in certain types an additional main beam filament mechanically aimed headlamp a headlamp which is capable of being aimed optically or mechanically aiming plane a plane formed by three pads integrally mounted on the face of the lens of sealed beam headlamps. Such headlamp
20、s are pre-aimed during manufacture so that the aiming plane is accurately normal to the axis of the headlamp beam auxiliary lamp a lamp intended to supplement or under certain conditions of visibility, to replace the normal (obligatory) headlamps on a vehicle. The following types of auxiliary lamps
21、are included in this standard: 1) Fog lamp. A lamp specifically employed to improve the illumination on the road in conditions of fog, snowfall, rain or dustclouds. 2) Supplementary main beam (long range) lamp. A lamp specifically employed to improve the distant illumination on the road when the mai
22、n beam is in operation. 3 Types of headlamps General information on the headlamps most commonly encountered in the UnitedKingdom is given inTable 1 andFigure 1 andFigure 2 to facilitate their recognition. BSAU156:1971 2 BSI 02-2000 Table 1 Types of headlamps commonly encountered in UK (seeFigure 1 a
23、ndFigure 2) No. Description Headlamp system Special identification embossed on lens Beam to be used for aiming Typical beam pattern 1 2 Sealed beam headlamp 2 lamps 2 lamps none “2” main dipped Figure 2a Figure 2b 3 4 4 lamps “1” “2” main dipped (see Note) Figure 2a Figure 2c 5 2 lamps none or “2” d
24、ipped Figure 2c 6 Headlamp with replaceable British prefocused filament lamp 2 lamps none main Figure 2a 7 8 4 lamps none none main dipped (see Note). Figure 2a Figure 2b 9 Asymmetric beam headlamp with replaceable prefocused filament lamp 2 lamps none dipped Figure 2c 10 11 4 lamps none none main d
25、ipped (see Note) Figure 2a Figure 2b 12 Headlamp with replaceable British prefocused tungsten/halogen filament lamp 2 lamps none main Figure 2a 13 Asymmetric beam headlamp with replaceable prefocused filament lamp (filament lamp to ECE Regulation No.20 a ) 2 lamps none dipped Figure 2c 14 Asymmetric
26、 beam headlamp with replaceable prefocused filament lamp 2 lamps as shown in Figure 1 dipped Figure 2c 15 16 (filament lamp to ECE Regulation No.2 b ) 4 lamps dipped (see Note) main Figure 2c Figure 2a 17 Asymmetric beam headlamp with replaceable prefocused tungsten/halogen filament lamp 2 lamps dip
27、ped Figure 2c 18 19 (filament lamp to ECE Regulation No.8 c ) 4 lamps dipped (see Note) main Figure 2c Figure 2a 20 Asymmetric sealed beam headlamp 2 lamps dipped Figure 2c 21 22 4 lamps dipped (see Note) main Figure 2c Figure 2a 23 Symmetric beam headlamp with replaceable prefocused filament lamp 2
28、 lamps (or1 on motor-cycle) none dipped/main (see9.6) Figure 2d NOTEIn all4-headlamp systems the dipped beam should be aimed on the dipped beam filament even though it may in addition contain a main beam filament. a Regulation No.20, “Headlamp emitting an asymmetrical passing or driving beam, or bot
29、h with halogen (H 4 ) filament lamp”. b Regulation No.2, “Electric lamps for headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing or driving beam, or both”. c Regulation No.8, “Headlamp emitting an asymmetrical passing or driving beam, or both, with halogen (H 1 , H 2or H 3 ) filament lamps”. BSAU156:1971 BSI
30、 02-2000 3 4 Types of headlamp beam Each of the headlamp systems provides a main and a dipped beam, or, in certain cases, a dipped beam only (see Clause2). Typical beam features for different headlamps in current use when viewed on a screen are described as follows (seeTable 1): 1) UK and European m
31、ain beam provides a progressively changing illumination symmetrical about the vertical plane L or R(Figure 2a) with a well marked much brighter area called the “high intensity zone”.Table 1, Nos.1,3,6,7,10,12,15,18 and21 refer. 2) UK dipped beam provides a brightly illuminated area directed to the l
32、eft of the vertical plane L or R(Figure 2b) and below the horizontal plane “H”.Table 1, Nos.2,4,5,8,11,19 and22 refer. 3) European dipped beam (asymmetric) provides a well-defined cut-off which is horizontal to the right of the vertical plane L or R(Figure 2c) and which may be either horizontal to t
33、he left of the vertical plane L or R or at an angle of up to15 degrees above the horizontal to the left of the vertical plane L or R. Table 1, Nos.9,13,14,16,17 and20 refer. 4) European dipped beam (symmetric) provides a well-defined cut-off which is horizontal both to the right and the left of the
34、vertical plane L or R(Figure 2d).Table 1, Number23 refers. 5 Prealignment checks Prior to adjusting headlamp beams, care should be taken to check that: 1) both the main and dipped beams operate in accordance with the statutory regulations when the appropriate switches are operated; 2) the main beam
35、warning light, if fitted, is illuminated when the main beam is operated and that it is extinguished when the dipped beam operates; 3) the lens and reflector are in a serviceable condition and are correctly orientated; 4) where applicable, the prescribed filament lamp is correctly installed and in pa
36、rticular, the filament shield is correctly orientated; 5) dual units are correctly located; the dipped beam lamp must not be inboard of the main beam; 6) the lamps, particularly if stem-mounted, are rigidly attached and positioned in accordance with the appropriate regulations; 7) matched pairs of o
37、bligatory headlamps 1)are of the same colour; 8) no modification which will materially worsen the original performance of the headlamp has been made; 9) there is no significant discolouration of the filament lamp or optical system; 10) both the filament lamp and the lens unit are clean; 11) excessiv
38、e amounts of mud, snow or ice which will affect the vehicle attitude are removed from under the bodywork; 12) all tyres are inflated to their correct pressures; 13) the suspension system is sound. 6 Aiming equipment 6.1 The following equipment is recommended for aligning headlamp beams: 1) a vertica
39、l aiming screen, as described in6.2, or 2) a mechanical headlamp aimer, limited to Table 1, Nos.1,2,3 and4 circular headlamps fitted with an “aiming plane” (see Clause2, or 3) any other aiming equipment which can be demonstrated to give equivalent results. 6.2 Vertical aiming screen. The vertical sc
40、reen (seeFigure 3) consists of a matt light coloured, flat screen, or wall not less than3 metres wide positioned within 5 of a perpendicular to plane A, and located10 metres distant from the headlamps. 1) Headlamps required to be carried by virtue of statutory regulations.BSAU156:1971 4 BSI 02-2000
41、Vertical and horizontal lines, which may for convenience consist of adjustable tapes, are superimposed on the vertical screen. These lines, which are illustrated in Figure 3, are to be located as follows: V is the projection of a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centre line of the veh
42、icle, being equidistant between the centres of the pair of headlamps being aimed. H is the projection of a horizontal plane passing through the centres of and at the same height on the screen as the pair of headlamps being aimed. L 1and R 1are the projections of vertical planes passing through the c
43、entres of the left-hand and the right-hand headlamps being aimed respectively. In the case of4-headlamp systems using different horizontal aiming points, two additional vertical lines, L 2and R 2 , are provided. 6.3 The plane formed by the contact points on which the vehicle and the aiming equipment
44、 stands should be substantially horizontal and should not deviate from the imaginary plane A (seeFigure 3) by more than 0.2 ( 35mm over10m aiming distance). 6.4 Accuracy of aiming equipment. The equipment used should be capable of permitting aiming and checking the aim to be carried out within the l
45、imits 0.25 in the vertical and 0.5 in the horizontal direction. 7 Positioning of vehicle and aiming screen The following procedure should be adopted when using the aiming screen described in6.2. 1) Drive the vehicle, loaded to the appropriate condition given in Clause8, to the aiming or checking poi
46、nt and bring gently to a halt in order to maintain the normal road attitude of the vehicle with the front wheel or wheels in the “straight ahead” position. 2) Position the aiming screen so that the vertical line V on the aiming screen is aligned with the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle. Wher
47、e necessary, the aiming screen should be well shielded from extraneous light. 3) Adjust the horizontal line H to the height from the ground of the particular pair of headlamps being aimed. 4) Adjust the vertical lines L 1and R 1 , or L 2and R 2as appropriate, to coincide with the centres of the part
48、icular pair of headlamps being aimed. The pairs of lines should be equidistant from the vertical lineV. 8 Vehicle loading Unless otherwise specified in the manufacturers handbook for a particular vehicle, the headlamps should be aimed with the vehicle loaded under the following conditions: 1) Passen
49、ger cars and their derivatives (up to 1500 kg (30 cwt) unladen weight). The vehicle at its kerbside weight except for a person in the driving position and with the fuel tank approximately half full. 2) Commercial vehicles (over 1500kg (30 cwt) unladen weight). The vehicle at its kerbside weight. 3) Motor cycles and scooters. The vehicle at its kerbside weight and with the weight of a person superimposed on the vehicle positioned in the upright driving position or such other position a
