1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 18142:2014Carbonaceous materials forthe production of primaryaluminium Baked carbonbodies Determination of thedynamic elasticity modulus bythe resonance methodBS ISO 18142:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 1814
2、2:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/24, Raw materials for the aluminium industry.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovision
3、s of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 81234 7ICS 71.100.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published unde
4、r the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18142:2014 ISO 2014Carbonaceous materials for the production of primary aluminium Baked carbon bodies Determination of the dynamic elasticity modulus by the r
5、esonance methodCarbons utiliss pour la production daluminium primaire Pices carbones cuites Dtermination du module dlasticit dynamique par la mthode de rsonanceINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18142First edition2014-02-01Reference numberISO 18142:2014(E)BS ISO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All righ
6、ts reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
7、 written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS I
8、SO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Apparatus . 36 Sampling 47 Test specimen 48 Procedure. 49 Evaluation 510 Test report . 511 Precision . 511.1 Repeatability
9、 (one operator, same apparatus) 511.2 Reproducibility (different operators, different apparatus) 6Bibliography 7BS ISO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of p
10、reparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
11、in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/I
12、EC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility
13、 that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of paten
14、t declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as inform
15、ation about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 226, Materials for the production of primary aluminium.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 1814
16、2:2014ISO 18142:2014(E)IntroductionDetermining the dynamic modulus of elasticity of specimens made of carbonaceous or graphite materials (solids) at room temperature allows conclusions to be drawn on the elastic deformation behaviour and thermal shock resistance of the material under test.This Inter
17、national Standard is based on the DIN method, DIN 51915:1997-10. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18142:2014BS ISO 18142:2014Carbonaceous materials for the production of primary aluminium Baked carbon bodies Determination of the dynamic elasticity modulus by the resonance method1 ScopeThis Inter
18、national Standard specifies a method to determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity of specimens made of solid carbonaceous or graphite materials at room temperature by the resonance method.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this documen
19、t and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3611 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers f
20、or external measurements Design and metrological characteristicsISO 4259, Petroleum products Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of testISO 8007-1, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Sampling plans and sampling from individual units Part 1:
21、Cathode blocksISO 8007-2, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Sampling plans and sampling from individual units Part 2: Prebaked anodesISO 8007-3, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Sampling plans and samplingISO 13385-1:2011, Geometrical product specif
22、ications (GPS) Dimensional measuring equipment Part 1: Callipers; Design and metrological characteristics from individual units Part 3: Sidewall blocksDIN 862, Vernier callipers Technical requirements and testingDIN 863-1, Micrometers Standard design micrometer callipers for external measurement Con
23、cepts, requirements, testing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1modulus of elasticityYoungs modulusEquotient of the stress, , and the strain, , of a bodyNote 1 to entry: Under static loading, the modulus of elasticity can be determin
24、ed as static modulus of elasticity and expressed by the following formula:E =(1)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18142:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E)whereE is the modulus of elasticity; is the stress; is the strain.3.2dynamic modulus of elasticitymodulus of elasti
25、city determined from the sound velocityNote 1 to entry: The dynamic modulus of elasticity is determined dynamically from the sound velocity and is expressed by the following formula:EvdynsR=2 (2)whereEdynis the dynamic modulus of elasticity;sis the sound velocity of the specimen;Ris the apparent den
26、sity of the specimen.Note 2 to entry: The relationship between stress and strain is not linear in the case of carbonaceous and graphite materials. The static modulus of elasticity, which is determined from the slope of the straight line from the origin to a stress/strain data point to be defined (se
27、cant modulus) is always smaller than the dynamic modulus of elasticity which is derived from the tangent in the origin of the stress-strain curve (tangent modulus).4 PrincipleA rod-shaped specimen of uniform cross section and length, l, is excited to perform longitudinal oscillations. The excitation
28、 frequency is varied until the specimen oscillates with maximum amplitude (fundamental resonance frequency f0). The frequency f0is used to calculate the sound velocity in accordance with Formula (3):s=20lf (3)wherevsis the sound velocity in the specimen, in m/s;l is the length of the specimen, in mm
29、;f0is the fundamental resonance frequency, in Hz.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E)This shall be used to obtain the dynamic modulus of elasticity in accordance with Formula (4):ElfdynR=4202 (4)whereEdynis the dynamic modulus of elasticity, in GPa;l is the length of the
30、specimen, in mm;f0is the fundamental resonance frequency, in Hz;Ris the apparent density of the specimen, in g/cm3.5 ApparatusThe apparatus used (see Figure 1) shall consist of the following components: frequency generator and receiver; vibration generator; vibration pickup; specimen support; linear
31、 measuring instrument accurate to within 0,2 %, e.g. vernier calliper in accordance with ISO 13385-1 or DIN 862 or micrometer calliper in accordance with ISO 3611 or DIN 863-1. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E)Key1 adjustable counterweight2 vibration pickup3 vibration
32、generator4 specimen5 support wires6 supportFigure 1 Principle mechanical layout of test apparatus6 SamplingSampling and sample preparation shall be in accordance with ISO 8007-1 or ISO 8007-2 or ISO 8007-3 unless otherwise agreed.If another sampling and method of sample preparation are agreed, then
33、the specific procedures used shall be described in the test report.7 Test specimen7.1 Rod-shaped specimens of uniform cross section, preferably of circular or rectangular cross section, shall be used. The end faces shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The length shall be at least three t
34、imes the largest cross-sectional dimension of the specimen. In no direction shall the specimen be smaller than two times the diameter of the largest particle size.7.2 Some experimentation can be necessary to determine a suitable specimen length in accordance with 7.1 and the capability of the equipm
35、ent.8 ProcedureTo achieve an undisturbed vibration, the specimen shall be supported at quarter length of the specimen from the ends (nodes of the first harmonic). Thin wires or foamed plastic strips have proven successful as supports (see Figure 1).4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18142:2014ISO
36、18142:2014(E)The vibration generator and the pickup shall be set with their probe tips touching the faces of the specimen approximately in the middle. To enable the specimen to be reliably excited to oscillate, the contact force of the probe tips shall be adjusted to a suitably low force, for exampl
37、e, by adjusting a counterweight.The resonance frequency of the fundamental mode or of the first harmonic of the specimen is found by varying the frequency of the frequency generator until the receiver indicates a maximum value. To determine whether the resonance frequency found is actually the funda
38、mental mode of the specimen, verify by measurements carried out at half and twice the frequency.NOTE If the resonance frequency sought cannot be clearly detected, e.g. under unfavourable excitation conditions, the dynamic modulus of elasticity can be determined by ultrasonic measurements.9 Evaluatio
39、nThe dynamic modulus of elasticity1), Edyn, expressed in GPa, shall be calculated in accordance with Formula (8):ElfdynR= 41012 202 (8)whereRis the specimen apparent density, in g/cm3;l is the specimen length, in mm;f0is the resonance frequency of the fundamental mode of the specimen, in Hz.10 Test
40、reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this International Standard (i.e. ISO 18142:2013);b) any agreed deviations from this International Standard;c) the date of the test;d) details necessary for the complete identification of the material tested;e) the numbe
41、r of test specimens;f) the dimensions of test specimens;g) individual values and mean values of dynamic modulus of elasticity, Edyn, in GPa, rounded to the nearest 0,1 GPa.11 PrecisionThe reliability of the test results is determined in accordance with ISO 4259.11.1 Repeatability (one operator, same
42、 apparatus)If two results are obtained under repeatability conditions by the same operator, both results shall be considered acceptable and in conformity with this International Standard, if they differ by no more than the values given in Table 1.1) 1 GPa = 1 kN/mm2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5BS
43、ISO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E)11.2 Reproducibility (different operators, different apparatus)If two separate laboratories each obtain a result under reproducibility conditions, both results shall be considered acceptable and in conformity with this International Standard, if they differ no more tha
44、n the values given in Table 1.Table 1 Repeatability and reproducibilityDynamic modulus of elasticity Repeatability ReproducibilityGPa GPa GPa1 to 10 0,1 0,2Over 10 0,2 0,46 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E)Bibliography1 DIN 51915:1997-10: Determination of modulus of elas
45、ticity by the resonance method Solid materials ISO 2014 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 18142:2014ISO 18142:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reservedICS 71.100.10Price based on 7 pagesThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-rel
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