1、National Standard of Canada 4 d CAN/CSA-IS0 92414 -00 CSA INTERNATIONAL / - (IS0 9241-1:1997) International Standard IS0 9241-1:1997 (second edition, 1997-06-01) has been adopted without modification as CSA Standard CANKSA-IS0 9241-1-00, which has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by th
2、e Standards Council of Canada. ISBN 1-55324-274-2 December 2000 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 1: General introduction Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec tenninaux a ecrans de visualisation (TEV) - Partie I: introduction generale Re
3、ference number IS0 9241 - 1 : 1997( E) The Canadian Standards Association, which operates under the name CSA International (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has been produced, was chartered in 191 9 and accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to the National Standards system i
4、n 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in standards development and certification activities. and users - including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions and professional organizations, and governmental agencies. The standards are used widely by
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6、 CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations objectives through sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining memberships together form CSAs total membership from which its Directors are chosen. Sustaining memberships represent a major source of incom
7、e for CSAs standards development activities. in support of and as an extension to its standards development activities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Association regularly and continually audits and inspects products that bear the CSA Mark. Toronto, CSA has regional branc
8、h offices in major centres across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 191 9, the Association has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent service organization whose mission is to provide an open and effective forum for ac
9、tivities facilitating the exchange of goods and services through the use of standards, certification and related services to meet national and international needs. For further information on CSA services, write to CSA International 178 Rexdale Boulevard Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1 R3 Canada CSA standard
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11、tem, a federation of independent, autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national interest. The principal objects of the Council are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a means of advancing the national econ
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13、nable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide to the greatest practicable extent a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers, and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. It normally is a stan
14、dard which is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approval of a standard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedures established by the Standards Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to the tec
15、hnical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards-development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic review; therefore
16、, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with the Standards Council of Canada 270 Albert Street, Suite 200 Ottawa, Ontario, K1 P 6N7 Canada A National Standard of Canada is a s
17、tandard which CSA INTERN AT1 0 N A 1 -.- Les normes nationales du Canada sont publiCes en versions francaise et anglaise. Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitabilit
18、y for their particular purpose. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 1: General introduction CAN/CSA-IS0 924 1 - 1-00 CAN/CSA-IS0 9241 -1 -00 Ergonomic requirements for omce work with visual display termfnazs (VDTs) -Part 1: G a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s
19、=central 0 IS0 IS0 9241 -1 :1997(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISC) technical committees. Each member body
20、interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotech
21、nrcal Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 O/O of the member bodies casting a vo
22、te. International Standard IS0 9241 -1 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 159, Ergonomics. Subcommittee SC 4. Ergonomics of human system interaction. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 9241 -1 :1992), which has been technically revised. IS0 9241 consists of the f
23、ollowing parts. under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VD Ts): - Part 1: General introduction - Part 2: Guidance on task requirements - Part 3: Visual display requirements - Part 4: Keyboard requirements - Part 5: Workstation layout and postural
24、 requirements - Part 6: Environmental requirements - Part 7: Requirements for display with reflection - Part 8: Requirements for displayed colours - Part 9: Requirements for nonkeyboard input devices - Part 10: Dialogue principles - Part 1 1: Guidance on usability - Part 12: Presentation of informat
25、ion - Part 13: User guidance - Part 14: Menu dialogues - Part 15: Command dialogues - Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues - Part 17: Form-filling dialogues Annex A of this part of IS0 9241 is for information only. iii IS0 9241-1:1997(E) Introduction One of the main concerns of ergonomics is to en
26、sure that products and systems are fit for human use. In general this involves matching the design of products or systems, including displays, input devices, software, workplace, working environment and tasks, to the characteristics, capabilities and limitations of potential users. Improving the erg
27、onomic properties of systems will improve performance, reduce errors and discomfort, and minimize health and safety risks. Failure to take account of human capabilities is wasteful, will reduce efficiency and result in boring, tedious work. In practice, all users of products or systems are different
28、; it is important to understand in what ways they vary and to quantify the variation so that account can be taken of it in design. Both hardware and software can be used for many different tasks, and in a variety of working environments, and it is also important to take these factors into considerat
29、ion in design. Good ergonomic design is important in any product or system designed for human use. It is especially important when : - use is intensive; - accuracy or speed of the users performance is critical; - user acceptance is critical. Work with visual display terminals (VDTs) is often both in
30、tensive and a significant part of many office workers jobs. The characteristics of both hardware and software can substantially affect the users performance. Increasingly, users, their representatives and managers are concerned with ensuring that work with VDTs is designed to appropriate standards.
31、What is appropriate in one set of circumstances may be inappropriate in a different context; when using VDT ergonomics standards it is important to recognize that the potential range of application is very broad. Therefore ergonomics standards often take the form of recommendations, or requirements,
32、 which are conditional upon certain defined circumstances. iV - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD o IS0 IS0 9241 -1 :1997(E) Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - Part 1: General introduction 1 Scope This part of IS0 9241 - introduces the multipart standard on ergonomic
33、requirements for the use of visual display terminals for office tasks; - provides guidelines for a user-performance approach; - gives an overview of all parts of IS0 9241 currently published and of the anticipated content of those in preparation; - provides some guidance on how to use IS0 9241 ; - d
34、escribes how conformance to IS0 9241 should be reported. For the purposes of IS0 9241, office tasks are taken to include a wide range of generic text and data processing tasks. Due to the similarity of these tasks to tasks performed in other environments, e.g. medical, scientific, telecommunications
35、, control rooms and public access, many of the requirements in IS0 9241 are appropriate to these environments as well. IS0 9241 does not cover electrical safety of VDTs. This is covered by IEC 950. NOTE -The ergonomic requirements of flat panel displays are covered in IS0 13406-1 and IS0 13406-2. Mo
36、re! extensive guidance on human-centred design for interactive systems is provided in IS0 13407. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, througn reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 9241. At the time of publication, the edition indicated w
37、as valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IS0 9241 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of the IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International
38、Standards. IS0 6385:-), Ergonomic principles of the deslgn of work systems. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 9241, the definitions given in IS0 6385 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 user-performance approach Approach to systems evaluation which sets requirements on a system
39、 based on the level of performarice which users are expected to achieve when carrying out relevant tasks. 1) To be published. (Revision of IS0 63851981) 1 IS0 9241-1 :1997(E) 3.2 user-performance test Test in which the level of performance of users is measured directly in order to evaluate a system.
40、 NOTE - Parameters of performance which may be measured include accuracy, speed. and comfort 4 General introduction to IS0 9241 4.1 Purpose and intended users IS0 9241 establishes ergonomic requirements for office work with VDTs. Ergonomic design enhances the ability of VDT users to operate display
41、screen equipment safely, healthily, effectively, efficiently and comfortably. This is achieved by careful design of the VDTs, the workplaces and working environments in which they are used, and the way the VDT work is organized, managed and performed. In practice, these different aspects may be the
42、responsibility of a number of different people or organizations. IS0 9241 is intended to help designers and manufacturers to develop ergonomically sound visual display terminals and software systems. IS0 9241 is also relevant to purchasers who wish to specify VDT systems for use in their own organiz
43、ations, and to those who wish to evaluate the suitability of existing equipment, working environments and work practices. 4.2 Product specifications, technological change and the user-performance approach IS0 9241 contains different types of information to be considered and used (where appropriate)
44、when designing the ergonomic aspects of a system, or assessing the ergonomic properties of a system. Some parts provide general guidance to be considered in the design of equipment, software and tasks. Other parts include more specific design guidance and requirements relevant to current technology.
45、 IS0 9241 emphasizes the need to specify the factors affecting the performance of the users, and the need to adopt a user-performance approach to evaluate systems. This user-performance approach deals directly with the ergonomic requirements for work with VDTs. Using this approach, it is possible to
46、 evaluate whether a device utilizing novel technology, with technical attributes different to those specified in a particular part of IS0 9241, is acceptable in ergonomic terms. This approach can be used even though there is no specific design guidance available and no body of data to provide such g
47、uidance. The user-performance approach depends on reliable and valid methods of testing, either against absolute criteria or against a reference system. These are based on the context of use and include detailed specifications of the usability criteria and metrics, how they are measured (including,
48、where appropriate, the test equipment to be used), what sample of subjects is appropriate, what experimental conditions are relevant and what level of performance is to be expected. Where a part of IS0 9241 specifies a user performance test, information is given relating to these points. VDTs typica
49、lly comprise a display unit, a keyboard, and some associated electronics and control circuitry. They can also include other input devices (e.g. pointing devices) and output devices (e.g. sound generators). The VDT can be a terminal to a larger system or can be a self-contained computer. Other equipment, including printers and communications devices, can be connected and located at the VDT workplace or remotely. While the technology employed in the design and development of VDT working environments changes rapidly, the achievement of consensus for the purpose of setting standard
