1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 2: Radiation emission measurement procedure ICS 13.110; 17.240 12198-2:2002 +A1:2008BS EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementatio
2、n of EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 12198-2:2002 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the indicated by !“. The UK participation in its preparation wa
3、s entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct appli
4、cation. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Date Comments 31 March 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 61861 1 CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is This Briti
5、sh Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on6 December 2002 corrigenda / EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12198-2:2002+A1 September 2008 ICS 13.110; 17.240 Supersedes EN 12198-2:2002 English Version Safety of machinery - Assessme
6、nt and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 2: Radiation emission measurement procedure Scurit des machines - Estimation et rduction des risques engendrs par les rayonnements mis par les machines - Partie 2: Procdures de mesurage des missions de rayonnement Sicherhei
7、t von Maschinen - Bewertung und Verminderung des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung - Teil 2: Messverfahren fr die Strahlenemission This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 October 2002 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 27 July 2008. CEN members are bound to comply wit
8、h the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Ce
9、ntre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the offic
10、ial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slo
11、venia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CE
12、N national Members. Ref. No. EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008: E2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Classification of radiation.6 5 Physical quantities to be measured.6 6 Measurement procedure .6 6.1 Warning.6 6.2 Measurement apparatus .6
13、6.3 Procedures .6 6.4 Report of the measurements8 Annex A (informative) Measurements techniques of different kind of radiations9 A.1 Electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields .9 A.2 Optical radiation.11 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Require
14、ments of EU Directive 98/37/EC“.13 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“.14 Bibliography 15 BS EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008) has been prep
15、ared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standard
16、s shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-07-27. This document supersedes EN 12198-2:2002. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This document has been prepared unde
17、r a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). !For relationship with EC Directives, see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ This European Standard deals with
18、the essential requirement “Radiation“ (see EN 292-2:1991, annex A, paragraph 1.5.10). Annex A is informative. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European
19、 Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom
20、. BS EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction Machinery supplied by electrical power or containing radiation sources may emit radiation or generate electric and/or magnetic fields. The radiation emissions will vary in frequency and magnitude. EN 12198-1 contains the general
21、 principles of risk assessment of radiation emission by machinery. EN 12198-3 contains details of protective measures for avoiding or reducing radiation exposure of persons by reducing emissions and requiring the provision of information. Designers should identify the radiation hazards arising from
22、machinery in accordance with the general principles set out in EN 12198-1. In order to assess the risks and categorize the radiation emissions, designers need to quantify the hazards. Measurements are made in accordance with the following clauses in order to: check the level of safety integration in
23、 the design of machinery; give a basis for the categorization according to 7.1 of EN 12198-1:2000; assess the ability of machinery to be operated, set and maintained without any hazard to persons when setting and maintenance operations are carried out under the conditions specified by the manufactur
24、er; detect and measure, any radiation leakage; determine areas where radiation emissions may create a health and safety hazard; enable potential users to make comparisons of the radiation emission from different machines. In case of particular difficulties, measurements can be supplemented by duly j
25、ustified calculations. Annex A gives information about the techniques of measurement of the different types of radiations. The standard techniques will be specified in other standards as they are developed. Other methods and detectors can be developed, their omission from this annex does not exclude
26、 their use. If no standard measurement techniques exist, then an accepted scientific procedure should be applied and appropriate details given. This document is a type B standard as stated in EN 1070. The provisions of this document may be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE For mach
27、ines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. 1 Scope This European Standard defines basic technology an
28、d specifies general procedures for making and reporting measurements of quantities related to radiation emitted by machinery. It covers the different radiation emissions as defined in EN 12198-1. This standard applies to machinery as defined in 3.1 of EN 292-1:1991. BS EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 EN 121
29、98-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 5 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequen
30、t amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery - Safety distance
31、 to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery Terminology. EN 12198-1:2000, Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 1: General principles. IEC 60050-111:1996, International Electrotechnical
32、Vocabulary - Chapter 111: Physics and chemistry. IEC 60050-121:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Part 121: Electromagnetism. IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility. IEC 60050-881:1983, International Electrotechnical Vo
33、cabulary Chapter 881: Radiology and radiological physics. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070:1998 and the following apply. Additional definitions specifically needed for this standard are contained in EN 12198-1:2000. The te
34、rms and definitions given in IEC 60050-111:1996, IEC 60050-121:1998, IEC 60050-161:1990 and IEC 60050-881:1983, are also applicable. 3.1 operating conditions conditions existing, including operating parameters, during the mode or phase of operation of the machine under test 3.2 no-load operation ope
35、ration during which the machinery operates without any processed material in place, with all its components and special auxiliaries in operation (pumps, hydraulic set, suction system, etc.) and all moving parts in action (spindles, tables, carriages, etc.) within the limits of its possibilities 3.3
36、operation under load operation during which the machinery is running in an operational way with processed material and with all its components and special auxiliaries 3.4 phase of operation time interval during which the machine performs a particular function 3.5 operating cycle complete sequence of
37、 phases of operation from the introduction of the processed material to its removal or transfer to the next workstation 3.6 measurement time the period during which radiation measurements are made BS EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 6 This will be specified by both the duration of
38、 the measurement and the point in time related to the phase of operation of the machine at which the measurement is made 3.7 averaging period period over which the characterization assessment shall be made. The measured emissions are time averaged as appropriate in order to take into account any var
39、iation in emission over this averaging period 4 Classification of radiation Classification of radiation is given in clause 4 of EN 12198-1:2000. Machinery shall be so designed and constructed that any emission of radiation is limited to the extent necessary for its operation and that the effects on
40、exposed persons are non-existent or reduced to non-dangerous proportions (see EN 292-2:1991, annex A, subclause 1.5.10). 5 Physical quantities to be measured The physical quantities to be measured and their associated units are given in annex B of EN 12198-1:2000. 6 Measurement procedure 6.1 Warning
41、 Before carrying out measurements, estimates of the level of emission should be made to ensure that persons are not exposed to hazardous radiation emission without adequate protection. This estimation should also prevent overloading of measurement equipment. 6.2 Measurement apparatus Accuracy, measu
42、ring range, selectivity, directionality, time resolution, and spectral sensitivity of the measurement device shall be appropriate to measure the radiation emission and enable the result to be compared with the specified radiation emission category values, given in annex B of EN 12198-1:2000. The sel
43、ection of the measurement equipment and the procedure shall be made so that the introduction of the equipment or the presence of the person carrying out the measurement do not significantly perturb the radiation field under consideration. The calibration of the measurement equipment shall be traceab
44、le according to the relevant national calibration standards. 6.3 Procedures 6.3.1 General Measurements shall be performed in conditions such that there are no reflections or they can be neglected, so that the radiation emissions will not be overestimated. The area around the machine shall be cleared
45、 of any objects not required for the machines operation and which might hinder the free propagation of the radiation(s) to be measured. 6.3.2 Operating conditions During measurement, the specified operating conditions shall be representative of the greatest emission of radiation during intended use
46、of the machinery. BS EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 EN 12198-2:2002+A1:2008 (E) 7 Simulated and/or simplified operating conditions may be used provided that the manufacturers documentation has specified that these conditions are representative of the maximum radiation emissions. 6.3.3 Measurement points Re
47、quirements for classification Sufficient points (in number and location) shall be specified as measurement points in order to adequately characterize the radiation fields around the machine (and particularly those where operators or other people may be exposed): a) measurement shall be made at the d
48、istance or points specified in annex B of EN 12198-1:2000; and b) if the location of the maximum radiation emission is at a greater distance from the accessible surface than the measurement distance specified in annex B of EN 12198-1:2000, then measurement shall be made at the point where the maximu
49、m emission occurs; and c) if there are openings in the housing in which operators may insert parts of their body then measurements shall be made inside the accessible zone (see EN 294); and d) if operators must view into the housing through windows or installed optical devices then measurements of the radiation intensity at the eye position shall be made. Additional requirements If relevant, additional measurements shall be made at the following points: 1) at operator work
