1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14238:2004 Cranes Manually controlled load manipulating devices ICS 53.020.20 +A1:2009 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14238:2004+A1:2009. It supersedes BS EN 14238:2004 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or alter
2、ed by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks. A li
3、st of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from le
4、gal obligations. BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 12 January 2005 BSI 2010 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 April 2010 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2009 ISBN 978 0 5
5、80 61927 4 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14238:2004+A1 August 2009 ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 14238:2004 English Version Cranes - Manually controlled load manipulating devices Appareils de levage charge suspendue - Manipulateurs de charge contrle manuel Krane - Handgefhrte Ma
6、nipulatoren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 May 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 16 July 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
7、 without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other lan
8、guage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl
9、and, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES K
10、OMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14238:2004+A1:2009: EEN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Norma
11、tive references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 List of significant hazards 9 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 11 6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures 19 7 Information for use . 22 Annex A (normative) Noise test code . 26 Annex B (informative) Selection of suita
12、ble set of crane standards for a given application . 29 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC . 30 Annex ZB (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Ess
13、ential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/CE“ “ “ “ 31 Bibliography . 32 BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14238:2004+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European
14、Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen
15、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-07-16. This document supersedes EN 14238:2004. The start and finish of text introduced
16、or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !“. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informativ
17、e Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fin
18、land, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 4 Introduction This document is
19、a harmonized standard to provide one means for manually controlled load manipulating devices to conform to the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This document is a type C standard as stated in !EN ISO 12100“. The machinery concerned and the extent to wh
20、ich hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. When provisions of this type C document are different from those are stated in type A or B documents, the provisions of this type C document take precedence over the provision of the other documents
21、, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C document. BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies requirements for manually controlled load manipulating devices (herein referred to as manipulators), powered by an
22、 energy other than human energy, to assist an operator in the handling of loads. This document does not cover: mechanically operated balancers that are based on springs or counterweights; manipulating robots; This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons. This document does
23、not establish the additional requirements for: operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as : freezer applications, high temperatures, corrosive environment, strong magnetic fields); operation subject to special rules; handling of loads the nature of which could lead
24、 to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/alkalies, radiating materials, specially brittle loads); hazards occurring during construction, transportation, decommissioning and disposal. The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4. For hazards that are not signi
25、ficant, EN ISO 12100-2 applies. This document is applicable to manipulators which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edit
26、ion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 294, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs EN 349, Safety of machinery Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of th
27、e human body EN 811, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower limbs EN 982, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components Hydraulics EN 983, Safety of machinery Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
28、 components Pneumatics EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery Principles for risk assessment !deleted text“ EN 12077-2, Cranes safety Requirements for health and safety Limiting and indicating devices BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 6 EN 12644-1, Cranes Information for use and testing P
29、art 1: Instructions EN 13001-1, Cranes General design Part 1: General principles and requirements EN 13001-2, Cranes General design Part 2: Load effects EN 13155:2003, Cranes Safety Non-fixed load lifting attachments EN 13557, Cranes Controls and control stations prEN 14492-2:2002, Cranes Power driv
30、en winches and hoists Part 2: Power driven hoists EN 60204-32, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines (ISO 60204-32:1998) EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering method
31、 in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994) EN ISO 3746:1995, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane (ISO 3746:1995) EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics Declar
32、ation and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871:1996) EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Engineering method in an essentially free
33、field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995) EN ISO 11202:1995, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Survey method in situ (ISO 11202:1995) EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics Recommended practice
34、for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1998) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general
35、 principles for design Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in !EN ISO 12100-1:2003“ and the following definitions apply. 3.1 operator person using the manipulator 3.2 load holding device device to
36、pick up and hold the load. An interchangeable load holding device is a device that can be changed by the operator NOTE Load holding can be achieved for instance by: BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 7 adhesion (suction pads, magnets etc.); gripping (clamps etc.); mechanical connectio
37、n (hooks, forks, C-hooks, etc.). 3.3 balancing of a load condition when a load is submitted to a vertical upward force equal to its weight and where additional external force is required to change the position of the load 3.4 control actuating device which forms an interface between the operator and
38、 the manipulator control system 3.5 drift uncontrolled and unintended movement of the manipulator and / or load 3.6 manipulator powered machine, where the operator has to be in contact with the load or holding device, in order to guide and/or control the motion of the load to bring it to a position
39、in space. Manipulators include 3 basic functional elements: the load holding device; devices to move and place the load in space; the supporting structure NOTE Examples of manipulator systems are shown in Figure 1. 3.7 supporting structure all parts of the manipulator that are affected by the force
40、of the suspended load 3.8 working load limit (WLL) Maximum load that the manipulator is designed to handle under specified operating conditions, e.g. characteristics of the load (e.g. shape, material), gripping points, configuration BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 8 1. Overhead mou
41、nted system 2. Floor mounted system 3. Floor mounted system with articulation 4. Vacuum lifting tube manipulator 5. Winch or hoist driven manipulator 6. Telescopic manipulator 7. Stand alone manipulator Permanently installed 8. Stand alone manipulator Moveable 9. Stand alone manipulator Mobile Manip
42、ulating device Load 1 to 3: examples of supporting systems for horizontal motion; 4 to 6: examples of manipulating devices that can be suspended from supporting systems shown in 1 to 3; 7 to 9: examples of stand-alone manipulators. Figure 1 - Examples of manipulators systems BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
43、EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 9 4 List of significant hazards Tables 1, 2 and 3 show a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains the relevant Clauses in this standard that are necessary t
44、o reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards. Table 1 List of significant hazards and associated requirements General Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1996) Relevant Clause(s) in this standard 1 Mechanical hazards due to: a) Shape 5.2.2 e) Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.2.1, 5.2.13
45、, 6.3.2.1, 6.3.2.2 - accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e.g.: h) The effect of vacuum 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.3 1.1 and 1.2 Crushing, shearing hazards etc. 5.2.2, 5.4.1 1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.2.5, 5.2.6, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.3, 5.4.4.1, 5.4.4.
46、2, 5.4.4.3, 5.6.1 2 Electrical hazards 5.2.7, 5.4.3.1, 5.4.3.2, 5.4.3.3, 5.4.3.4 2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.2.7, 5.4.3.1, 5.4.3.2, 5.4.3.3, 5.4.3.4 4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in: 5.6.6, 7.2.1.j, Annex A 4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological diso
47、rders (e.g. loss of balance, loss of awareness) 5.6.6, 7.2.1.j, Annex A 4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. 5.6.6, 7.2.1.j, Annex A 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design as, e.g. hazards from: 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.6.4 8.7 I
48、nadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.6.4 10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun / overspeed (or any similar function) from: 5.5.1, 5.5.3, 5.6.2, 5.6.3 11 Impossibility of stopping the machine 5.5.2 13 Failure of the power supply 5.4.2.2, 5
49、.4.2.3, 5.4.3.3, 5.4.3.4, 5.4.4.3, 5.6.3 17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 5.2.3, 5.2.5, 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4.1.1, 5.4.1.3 BS EN 14238:2004+A1:2009EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 10 Table 2 Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1996) Relevant Clause(s) in this standard 20
