1、2009 年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、名词解释1 Metaphysical poetry2 Denotation and connotation3 Ezra Pound and The Cantos4 British neoclassicism5 Imagism二、分析题5 Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following passage of The Canterbury Tales.From The Canterbury Tales Speaking of his equipment, he(the knight)posses
2、sed Fine horses, but he was not gaily dressed. He wore a fustian tunic stained and dark With smudges where his armor had left mark.6 1. What does the fact that the knight owns fine horses indicate?7 2. What does the clothes he wears indicate?8 3. What does Geoffrey Chaucer want to show through these
3、 details? 9 Question 4 is based on the following passage of The Canterbury Tales.From The Canterbury Tales No morsel from her lips did she(the nun)let fall, Nor dipped her fingers in the sauce too deep And she would wipe her upper lip so clean That not a trace of grease was to be seen Upon the cup w
4、hen she had drunk.4. What does the narrator think of the nun? Why do you think so?9 Questions 5 to 10 are based on the following passage.The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression when the mind is open
5、 to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret nor lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals , the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as t
6、hey had delighted the simplicity of his childhood.When we speak of nature in this manner, we have a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the stick of timber of the wood-cutter from the tree
7、of the poet. The charming landscape which I saw this morning is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integ
8、rate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men s farms, yet to this their warranty-deeds give no title.Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with grea
9、t temperance. For, nature is not always tricked in holiday attire, but the same scene which yesterday breathed perfume and glittered as for the frolic of the nymphs is overspread with melancholy today. Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his ow
10、n fire hath sadness in it. Then there is a kind of contempt of the landscape felt by him who has just lost by death a dear friend. The sky is less grand as it shuts down over less worth in the population.10 5. According to paragraph 1, why does the author believe the star awaken a reverence in peopl
11、e?11 6. What does the sentence “Nature never became a toy to the wise spirit“ mean?12 7. What does the author imply when he talks about the difference between farms and landscapes?13 8. What do you think is the difference between the meaning the author or a poet finds in nature and the meaning a woo
12、dcutter, a botanist, a geographer or an engineer finds in nature?14 9. Where does the author believe the power to produce a delight in nature comes from according paragraph 3?15 10. What does the phrase “the color of the spirit“(line 5 in paragraph 3)mean?2009 年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析一、名词解释1 【正确答案】
13、Metaphysical poetry: The term “Metaphysical poetry“ is used to describe a certain type of 17th century poetry. Dryden originally used the term to criticize John Donne for being too arcane and Samuel Johnson later used it to describe the specific poetic method used by poets like Donne. Metaphysical p
14、oets are generally in rebellion against the highly conventional imagery of the Elizabethan lyric. The Metaphysical poetry is characterized by wits, subtle argumentations, “metaphysical conceits“ , and/or an unusual simile or metaphor.2 【正确答案】 Denotation and connotation: Denotation is often associate
15、d with symbolism, as the denotation of a particular media text often represents something further; a hidden meaning is often encoded into a media text. In semiotics, denotation is the surface or literal meaning encoded to a signifier, and the definition most likely to appear in a dictionary.Connotat
16、ion is a subjective cultural and/or emotional coloration in addition to the explicit or denotative meaning of any specific word or phrase in a language.3 【正确答案】 Ezra Pound and The Cantos; Ezra Weston Loomis Pound(1885-1972)was an American expatriate poet, critic and intellectual who was a major figu
17、re of the Modernist movement in the first half of the 20th century. His significant contributions to poetry begin with his promotion of Imag-ism.The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 120 sections, each of which is a canto. Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much
18、of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards. Strong claims have been made for it as the most significant work of modernist poetry of the twentieth century. The most striking feature of the text, to a casual browser, is the inclusion of Chinese c
19、haracters as well as quotations in European languages other than English.4 【正确答案】 British neoclassicism: In English literature, the stylistic trend between the Restoration and the advent of romanticism at the beginning of the 19th century is referred to as neoclassicism. The term “neoclassicism“ is
20、derived from the convictions of the leading poet-critics of the age that literary theory and practice should follow the models established by Greek and Latin writers. These critics held that writers should emphasize types rather than individual characteristics; adhere to “nature“ by aspiring to orde
21、r and regularity; and strictly observe the unities of time, place, and action in dramatic composition. Major British neoclassicists are John Dryden, Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson.5 【正确答案】 Imagism: Imagism is a poetic movement that flourished in the U. S. and Britain between 1909 and 1917. The mo
22、vement was led by the American poets Ezra Pound and, later, Amy Lowell. The imagist poets placed stressed precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form and the use of colloquial language. Most of them wrote in free verse, using such devices as assonance and allit
23、eration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry. Notable collections of imagist poetry are Des Imagistes: An Anthology, compiled by Pound, and the three anthologies compiled by Amy Lowell, all under the title Some Imagist Poets.二、分析题6 【正确答案】 The fact indicates that the
24、knight represents a real knight and the ideal of a medieval Christian man-at-arms.7 【正确答案】 The knight wears a fustian tunic stained and dark with smudges, which indicates that he has recently returned from an expedition.8 【正确答案】 Through these details, Chaucer wants to show that the knight is brave,
25、experienced, devout and prudent. The Knight rides at the front of the procession described in the General Prologue, and his story is the first in the sequence. The Host clearly admires the Knight, as does the narrator.9 【正确答案】 The narrator does not admire the nun. The author describes the nun with i
26、rony. Though the nun is well-educated and has good manners, she gives much importance to those things that should not be important for a nun. For example, the author is sarcastic when he uses the example of her feeling for a mouse to testify her charity and pity. Her dress is also not suitable for a
27、 nun; “She wore a coral trinket on her arm, / A set of beads, the gaudies tricked in green, / Whence hung a golden brooch of brightest sheen/ On which there first was graven a crowned A, / And lower, Amor vincit omnia. “10 【正确答案】 The star is a symbol of the universe, the nature. The author regards n
28、ature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral influence on man, and advocates a direct intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature.11 【正确答案】 Nature is not the toy of a wise man, for the wise man will never extort her secret nor lose her curiosity by finding all her perfection. Nature r
29、eflects the wisdom of a wise man, as much as she has delighted the simplicity of his -childhood.12 【正确答案】 Recalling the farms he sees while walking, Emerson encourages us to perceive nature as an integrated wholeand not merely as a collection of individual objects. He distinguishes between knowing w
30、ho owns various farms and being able to see a unified landscape vista, of which the farms form but a single part.13 【正确答案】 Claiming that the person who is most likely to see the whole of things is the poet, Emerson differentiates between the poet and other people: The poet, he says, is one of the fe
31、w people who can see nature plainly, not superficially, as most of us do.14 【正确答案】 The author believes that the power to produce a delight in nature comes from the harmony of man and nature.15 【正确答案】 “The color of the spirit“ means the mood or personality of human being. To Emerson, nature does not
32、have a personality that it alone devises. Humans, he says, who are paramount over nature, grant to it human characteristics we perceive it to have.【试题解析】 (节选译文：星辰唤醒心中的景仰，即使它们常在，也遥远而不可触摸；而当思想敞开心门，自然景物总会留下熟稔而亲切的印迹。自然永无恶意可憎的容颜。如同大智慧者不会因穷尽自然的和谐底蕴而失去对她的好奇之心。自然之于智慧的心灵绝非玩具。花朵，动物，群山，它们折射着智者思维的灵光，如同它们娱乐了他纯真的
33、童年。当我们这样谈论自然时，我们的心灵感觉，清晰独特，诗意盎然。我们在感觉着多面的自然客体和谐完整的映像。正是这映像区分了伐木工手中的圆木与诗人心中的树木。今晨我看到那令人愉悦的风景，它们无疑是由二十到三十个农场组成。米勒拥有这片地，洛克有那片，而曼宁是那片树林的主人。但是他们都不能占有这片风景。只有诗人的双眼可以拥有这地平线，这是他们农场中最可贵的，却无人能凭产权而据为已有。然而，可以肯定地说，这欢悦的力量不仅源于自然本身，它存在于人，或者说，存在于自然和人的和谐中。要谨慎节制地享有这种欢悦，这很重要。自然并不总悦人以节日盛装，昨日氤氲芬芳晶亮悦目一如为林仙嬉乐而设的同一景致，今天就可能蒙上悲伤的面纱。自然总是折射着观者的精神状态。对于在病痛中挣扎的人，他自身散发的焦虑挣扎就涵容着悲伤。当爱友逝去时，人们会对那风景感到些许漠然。当蓝天落幕于社会底层者眼前，它的壮丽也会减色。(雨树译)
