1、2014 年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 shadow banking2 drones3 Edward Snowden4 federal deficit5 Likonomics6 toxic politics7 all-time high8 Learning City9 puppy love10 Schengen Visa11 subway salmon12 selfie13 Obamamania14 connotation15 cohesion and coherence16 discourse analysis17 translation studies18 Es
2、peranto19 denotation20 GMO crops汉译英21 中国梦22 反“四风”运动23 光盘行动24 城镇化25 中国式过马路26 幸福指数27 “中国好声音 ”28 机构改革29 雾霾30 十八届三中全会31 正能量32 创新驱动发展战略33 中华文化“ 走出去”34 常住人口35 海淘36 不靠谱37 奢侈品牌38 黄金周39 群众路线40 照镜子、正衣冠、洗洗澡、治治病英译汉41 Economies of scope are conceptually similar to economies of scale. Whereas economies of scale f
3、or a firm primarily refers to reductions in the average cost(cost per unit)associated with increasing the scale of production for a single product type, economies of scope refers to lowering the average cost for a firm in producing two or more products. Here, economies of scope make product diversif
4、ication efficient if they are based on the common and recurrent use of proprietary know-how or on an indivisible physical asset. For example, as the number of products promoted is increased, more people can be reached per unit of money spent. At some point, additional advertising expenditure on new
5、products may become less effective(an example of diseconomies of scope). Related examples include distribution of different types of products, product bundling, product lining, and family branding. If a sales force sells several products, it can often do so more efficiently than if it is selling onl
6、y one product. The cost of its travel time is distributed over a greater revenue base, so cost efficiency improves. There can also be synergies between products such that offering a range of products gives the consumer a more desirable product offering than would a single product. Economies of scope
7、 can also operate through distribution efficiencies: it can be more efficient to ship a range of products to any given location than to ship a single type of product to that location. Further economies of scope occur when there are cost savings arising from byproducts in the production process. An e
8、xample would be the benefits of heating from energy production having a positive effect on agricultural yields. A company that sells many product lines sells in many countries, or both will benefit from reduced risk levels as a result of its economies of scope. If one of its product lines falls out
9、of fashion or if one country has an economic slowdown, the company will likely be able to continue trading. Not all economists agree on the importance of economies of scope. Some argue that the concept applies only to certain industries, and then only rarely.汉译英42 现在看手机、网络的越来越多，读报的渐渐少了，有人说将来报纸会不会消失?
10、我们当今的社会还是报纸等传统媒体和网络等新媒体并存，体现了两种不同的生活方式。一种人只看网不看报，一种人只看报不会上网，当然还有两种兼顾。年轻人往往只看网络，不读报纸，这和生活工作方式有关，上网办公、交谈、收发邮件，顺手搜一下各类新闻，很便捷；以为时下的新闻知道了，就不去翻报纸。但我觉得不读报是会有损失的。因为有些报纸能给你的东西不全在网上，网络上更多的是即时的信息碎片，更丰富的生活血肉和富于原创性的、有深度的文章还是需要从报纸等纸质媒体来获取。还有，我总觉得一个人的修养很难在电脑前形成。需要在一些实际的文化空间里渐渐体验与形成，比如博物馆、画廊、剧场以及各种各样的交际，还有读书看报。我想，如
11、果我们的报办得好，读报将来在中国也会成为生活和文化方式之一，一个丰富的社会不会只要一种生活和文化的方式。2014 年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 影子银行2 【正确答案】 无人机3 【正确答案】 爱德华斯诺登4 【正确答案】 联邦赤字5 【正确答案】 李克强经济学6 【正确答案】 有毒政治7 【正确答案】 历史最高纪录8 【正确答案】 学习型城市9 【正确答案】 早恋10 【正确答案】 申根签证11 【正确答案】 地铁三文鱼12 【正确答案】 自拍13 【正确答案】 奥巴马热14 【正确答案】 言外之意15 【正确答案】 衔接与连贯16 【正确答案】 语篇
12、分析17 【正确答案】 翻译研究18 【正确答案】 世界语19 【正确答案】 字面意思20 【正确答案】 转基因作物汉译英21 【正确答案】 China Dream22 【正确答案】 the campaign to oppose formalism，bureaucracy，hedonism and extravagance23 【正确答案】 Clean Plate Campaign24 【正确答案】 urbanization25 【正确答案】 Chinese style of crossing road26 【正确答案】 happiness index27 【正确答案】 the Voice o
13、f China28 【正确答案】 institutional reform29 【正确答案】 smog30 【正确答案】 the Third Plenary Session of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China31 【正确答案】 positive energy32 【正确答案】 the strategy of innovation-driven development33 【正确答案】 the“going abroad”of the Chinese culture34 【正确答案】 permanent res
14、idence35 【正确答案】 buy productions from overseas websites36 【正确答案】 unreliable37 【正确答案】 luxury brand38 【正确答案】 golden week39 【正确答案】 mass line40 【正确答案】 watch from the mirror，groom oneself，take a bath and seek remedies英译汉41 【正确答案】 范围经济从概念上讲与规模经济很相似。但是规模经济主要是指企业在扩大某一种产品的生产规模时，平均成本(单位成本)随之下降的经济现象，而范围经济是指在企业生
15、产两种或两种以上的产品时平均成本下跌的经济现象。对于规模经济，如果以普遍且经常使用的专门技能为基础，或者以不可分的实体资产为基础，产品多样化的效率会更高。比如，推销的产品数量增加了，每单位花费的钱可拉到更多的客户。某种情况下，在新产品上的额外广告花费带来的效用会更低(范围不经济的一个例子) 。相关的例子还包括不同类型产品的分配、产品组合、产品内衬以及家族品牌。如果销售人员卖多种产品的话，效率会比只卖一种产品更高。行程时间的成本在更大的收入基数上进行分配，成本效率因此就会得到改善。在不同的产品之间存在协同增效作用，与提供一种产品相比，提供一大批产品可以给予消费者更多满意的选择。规模经济也可以通过
16、分配效率发挥作用：运送一批产品到既定目的地的效率比运送单一的产品到该目的地的效率会更高。在生产过程中，由于生产过程中副产品的因素节省了更多成本费用，范围经济会深入发展。比如，能源生产供暖带来的好处对农业效益有积极的影响。销售许多产品线的公司可以在许多国家进行交易买卖，或者受范围经济影响，两条生产线都会从下降的风险中获得收益。若其中一个生产线被淘汰或一个国家经济放缓，公司还可能会继续进行交易。并不是所有的经济学家都认同范围经济的重要性。有些人认为这个概念只适用于某一些行业，或者说范围经济是少有的。汉译英42 【正确答案】 Nowadays, people are more inclined to
17、 playing with cell phone or surfing the Internet rather than read newspapers. In that case, some people doubt whether the newspaper will disappear in the future. The traditional media such as newspaper coexists with new media such as the Internet reflecting two different life styles. Some people onl
18、y surf the Internet, and some others only read newspapers while some people do both. The young people only surf the Internet, which is related to peoples lifestyle. It is handy for them to search the news when doing business, chatting or receiving the e-mail. Thus, they think that they have known al
19、l the latest news so that they are redundant to read newspapers. But in my opinion, there is a loss not to read newspapers. Newspaper can give you more than Internet do. It is filled with instant information fragments on the Internet while the paper media such as newspaper can offer you lively, orig
20、inative articles with deep meanings. In addition, I always think that it is hard for people to cultivate their bearing sitting in front of the computer. One should cultivate himself in some tangible cultural space such as museum, art gallery, theater and various social communications also inclusive of reading. I think that reading newspaper will be a form of Chinese life and culture if newspaper develops well. A fulfilling society will need not only one kind of life and cultural style.
