1、考研英语模拟试卷 286 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920
2、s. In the 1920s, but especially【1 】the Depression of the 1930s, the United States experienced a【2】birth rate. Then with the prosperity【3】on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and【4】households earlier and began to【5】larger families than had their 【6】d
3、uring the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955.【7】economics was probably the most important【8】, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed【 9】the idea of the family also helps to【10】this rise in birth rates. The ba
4、by boomers began streaming【11】the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a【12】by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself【13】The wartime economy meant that few new schools were buih between 1940 and 1945.【14】, large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better
5、-paying jobs elsewhere.【15】, in the 1950s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930s no longer made【16】; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high【17】for an i
6、nstitution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators【 18】turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and【19】. The system no longer had much【20】in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.（A）in（B）
7、for（C） at（D）on （A）accelerating（B） strengthening（C） declining（D）fluctuating （A）took（B） produced（C） brought（D）carried （A）adopted（B） incorporated（C） administered（D）established （A）increase（B） raise（C） erect（D）generate （A）predecessors（B） successors（C） processors（D）oppressors （A）Since（B） Despite（C） Althou
8、gh（D）Unless （A）tenant（B） determinant（C） lubricant（D）repentant （A）at（B） on（C） for（D）with （A）demonstrate（B） interpret（C） exhibit（D）explain （A）through（B） across（C） into（D）towards （A）creek（B） flood（C） bonus（D）pledge （A）overtaxed（B） overdosed（C） overweighed（D）overlapped （A）Moreover（B） However（C） Otherwis
9、e（D）Thus （A）Nevertheless（B） Therefore（C） Furthermore（D）Hence fore （A）sense（B） meaning（C） sensible（D）meaningful （A）notoriety（B） compatibility（C） proximity（D）priority （A）refutably（B） indispensably（C） inevitably（D）respectively （A）conference（B） symposium（C） seminar（D）discipline （A）ability（B） advantage（C
10、） benefit（D）interest Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Its never too early or too late for a parent to become a teacher. In this age of teacher accountability, endless school testing, increased pressure and c
11、ompetition, and the proliferation of “educational“ toys, too many people forget that success begins at home.Freeman A. Hrabowski , president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and co-author of Beating the Odds: Raising Academically Successful African American Males and Overcoming the O
12、dds: Raising Academically Successful African American Young Women, says that in the interviews he and his co-authors conducted, the overwhelming factor in their childrens academic achievement was that parents inspired and envisioned their childrens success. They thought and talked about what would b
13、e required to have a .successful child.“It just makes such a difference when theres someone in that house working to relate to that child and inspire that child,“ Hrabowski says. “These parents (of the high achievers discussed) are really inspirational in their commitment to their children.“Professo
14、r Barbara T. Bowman, one of the faculty founders of Chicagos Erikson Institute, an independent institution of higher education that prepares child development professionals for leader- ship, says that Black children must learn in two different cultures-the African-American culture in which they live
15、 and the mainstream culture on which school and education are based.Bowman also says the relationship between children and their parents is critical. “It is the early responsive ness of the caregiver to the infants behavior that creates a sense of well-being and optimism that affects the childs inte
16、rest in learning,“ says Bowman, who served as president of the institute from 1994 to last year. “Children who like and want to please the adult learn better what the adult wants them to learn.“In this day of highly competitive testing and the stress of getting high SAT or ACT scores, its important
17、also to avoid pressuring or overexposing your child. Your son or daughter is probably already facing stress at school and on the playground. Your role is to help him or her relieve and manage that stress. Help them to understand that life does not end or begin with a test. And while academic success
18、 is important, its also important to keep everything in perspective. Failure is a relative term in the grand scheme of things. If your child did poorly on a test, but answered a particularly tough question correctly, stress the positive. On the other hand, if schoolwork comes too easily to your chil
19、d, find other ways to challenge him or her so they understand that life wont always be that way. 21 According to the author, the parents of high achievers are usually _.（A）successful themselves（B） teachers（C） inspirational（D）working hard22 It can be inferred from the passage that the African-America
20、n culture is _.（A）an important part of the mainstream culture（B） the base of the mainstream culture（C） different in many ways from the mainstream culture（D）dependant on the mainstream culture23 Whether a child is interested in learning depends on _.（A）the content the adult wants the children to lear
21、n（B） how pleased the parents are when the children are learning（C） the feedback the parents give to children at an early age（D）the physical health of the children24 The suggestion given in the last paragraph is _.（A）to emphasize the importance of success for children（B） to avoid pressuring the child
22、ren too much（C） to challenge the children as much as possible（D）to use the positive effect of pressure25 Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?（A）How to raise a high-achieving child（B） Successful students whose parents are teachers（C） Key factors for childrens success（D）Motiva
23、tion and challenge: what do children need most?25 Last year, one group of students in Taiwan did just that. They took chances-and ended up in jail. More than 20 students paid a cram school owner to help them cheat on Taiwans entrance exam, according to police. The students received answers to test q
24、uestions through cell phones and other electronic devices. Taiwan isnt the only place in Asia to see major cheating scandals. In both India and South Korea, college entrance exams have been stolen and sold to students.Academic cheating has risen dramatically over the last decade. Duke University con
25、ducted a survey of 50,000 university and 18,000 high school students in America. More than 70 percent of the students admitted cheating. Just 10 years earlier, only 56 percent said they had cheated. This trend extends far beyond the U. S., too. In Asia, where students face intense pressure to excel,
26、 the cheating problem is especially pronounced. In many Asian countries, a students performance is measured mostly by exam scores. And admission to a top school depends on acing standardized tests. This test-driven culture makes cheating an easy way for students to get ahead in a super-competitive a
27、cademic system.But the pressure to perform well on tests isnt the only thing turning students into cheaters. For one, new technology makes cheating easier than ever. Students now have more sophisticated options than just “cheat sheets“ hidden in pencil boxes. Todays tech-smart students use text-mess
28、aging to discreetly send each other test answers. They post questions from standardized tests on internet bulletin boards. Students in Asia, for example, have posted questions from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE).Deeper issues than technology and
29、testing, however, may be leading to the rise in academic dishonesty. Both students and educators say that society offers too many negative role models. Businesspeople make millions and scientists eam intemational acclaim by cheating and lying. The case of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk offers one po
30、werful example. He faked the results of his stem cell research and became a national hero. From many sectors of society, the message to students is loud and clear: Cheating is an easy way to get ahead.Victoria Lin, a high school teacher in Taichung, says educators must begin to stress integrity as w
31、ell as achievement in academics. Thats what she tries to instill in her students. “I always tell my students, How much is your character worth? 100 points? 90 points?“ Jerry Chang, a student at Taiwans Oriental Institute of Technology, also has words of advice for classmates he sees cheating. “When
32、you cheat on exams, you only cheat yourself,“ he says, “because you wont know how much youve really learned.“ 26 The example mentioned in paragraph 1 means to _.（A）criticize the cram school for their poor education qualities（B） highlight the seriousness of cheating in Taiwan（C） show how prevalent th
33、e problem of cheating is（D）show sympathy for those who cheated27 What does the word “acing“ most probably mean?（A）Extraordinarily good.（B） Hardly satisfactory.（C） Barely passing.（D）Middling.28 In paragraph 3, the author focuses on the factor of _.（A）pressures related to tests（B） advanced technologie
34、s（C） sophistication of students（D）standardized tests29 The example of Korean scientist Hwang Woo Suk is quoted to _.（A）shift to topic from students cheating to academic dishonesty（B） attribute the problem of cheating to the negative examples in our society（C） compare businesspeople and scientists in
35、 cheating scandals（D）blame technology as the most important reason for cheating30 What is the suggestion given in the last paragraph to tackle the problem of cheating?（A）The teaching of values should be given equal, if not higher, priority.（B） Teachers should avoid talking about students test scores
36、 too much.（C） Educators should have a reasonable expectation for students scores.（D）School should add integrity as part of the test scores.30 An attempt towards the rectification of the rot that has set in the social and national life of the country is being made, with great enthusiasm, through judi
37、cial activism. However judicial activism alone does not suffice for the rectification of this all-pervading malaise. What is urgently needed is the support of other social agencies/institutions. A very important role in this matter can be played by media activism, the topic under discussion today.It
38、 is undoubtedly true that the position of media or journalism is not that of a mission but of a commercial industry. The truth of the matter, however, is that our present journalism is used to presenting only half side of the picture. This is the root cause of all our problems. In view of the presen
39、t circumstances media activism would amount to present a balanced reporting of the situation abandoning the present policy of selective reporting.The principle of modern journalism can be understood from this saying: “When a dog bites a man it is no news, but when a man bites a dog, it is news“. One
40、 practical example of this method is provided by our present journalism which is constantly engaged in giving maximum coverage to any hot news created by an unruly section of Muslims. If the percentage of hot news forms only one percent the percentage of soft news is not less than 99 percent. But th
41、e readers of the newspapers aretotally in the dark about this 99 percent of the picture, whereas the one percent is being repeated. Similarly if an extremist Hindu creates hot news, this will find a place in all the newspapers the next day. Whereas even in the Hindu world there is 99 percent soft ne
42、ws while hot news forms not more than one percent.As a result of this one sided study, unreal opinion is formed by both the communities regarding one another. Taking extreme forms this unreal opinion at times turns into communal riots. The selective reporting of this nature remains a permanent obsta
43、cle to the path of national integration.For the rectification of this state of affairs a powerful journalists organization-as we already have formed for our rights-based on the principles of social responsibilities is required. Media Relations Forum is an organization which aims at working for this
44、goal.Along with this I should like to put forward a proposal for bringing about an atmosphere of support and cooperation between the newspapers and social workers. Whenever a rumor spreads or a group indulges in any activity which may lead to disrupting peace, social workers should immediately engag
45、e themselves in a thorough investigation of the matter and then through the full support of the newspapers the actual version is published in the newspapers. This is the only way to maintain peace and harmony in communities.31 The word “malaise“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.（A）problem
46、（B） definition（C） rectification（D）enthusiasm32 Which one of the following is the characteristic of the current reporting?（A）Commercial reporting.（B） Balanced reporting.（C） Selective reporting.（D）Problem reporting.33 The example of the reports about Muslims is used to _.（A）analyze how it is different
47、 from Hindu（B） introduce the news industry there（C） showcase how the current reporting is unbalanced（D）exemplify how reporting should be organized34 From the passage, we know that Media Relation Forum is _.（A）a seminar in which journalists from difference places learn and communicate（B） an organizat
48、ion promoting social responsibilities of media（C） a management body to rectify all kinds of misconduct of media（D）an organization to protect the rights and safety of journalists35 In the last paragraph, the author focuses on the responsibilities of _.（A）newspapers（B） social workers（C） investigators（
49、D）communities35 Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participants psychosocial development and achievement motivation. However, the situation concerning parents and coaches in youth sport is somewhat of a conundrumthe roles of coach and parent are often synonymous, suggesting not simply an independent relationship with the child participant.In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged on parent influenc
