1、考研英语模拟试卷 348 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 More and more of us are (1)_ the TV networks. Thats not news, of course; there have been countless stories on their (2)_ audience. Bu
2、t I didnt realize how far out! had dropped (3)_ I glanced at the Nielsen ratings of the top 71 shows. Of those 71 programs, I had not watched (4)_ one. (5)_, I could count only five that I had ever seen in my entire life. And of those five, there isnt one I watch (6)_.Despite its popularity, I dont
3、like happy family shows. Theyre (7)_. If I watch a family show, I prefer something lifelike, such as “Death of a Salesman.“(8)_ the second-rated program, “A Different World,“ Ive never heard of it. If I want to see a different (9)_, Ill drive to the west side of Chicago.I (10)_ watch“ Cheers,“ which
4、 is still (11)_ the top ten, but gave it up after Diana left and Sam began lusting after a career-crazed yuppie. Am I the only person in America who has never watched a segment of “Dallas“? A while ago, I recall somebody important was killed on the “last (12)_ of the season and almost everybody in A
5、merica was caught up in the hype. I watched wrestling that night; Ill bet the acting was (13)_.Its not (14)_ Im snobbishI enjoy TV (15)_ as much as the next slob. But the (16)_ of truly trashy trash has declined. I was one of the first writers in America to recognize the greatness of Robin Leachs “L
6、ifestyles of the Rich and Famous.“ So, what do I watch? I still turn to the networks, (17)_ I have learned to exploit and cheat them. For example, I like football, but seldom watch it (18)_. In stead, I (19)_ it and later play it back an my VCR, fast-forwarding through all the commercials, the annou
7、ncers babble, the half-time drivel and even the huddles. I also watched movies, but only on some cable channels, (20)_ the networks.（A）turning out（B） turning into（C） turning down（D）turning up（A）up-showing（B） growing（C） impatient（D）shrinking（A）by（B） when（C） until（D）as（A）even（B） only（C） almost（D）more
8、than（A）However（B） In fact（C） Meanwhile（D）Exactly（A）seriously（B） constantly（C） nightly（D）regularly（A）cruel（B） optimistic（C） unreal（D）pessimistic（A）About（B） As for（C） Considering（D）Watching（A）show（B） program（C） world（D）channel（A）used to（B） was used to（C） would（D）ought to（A）on（B） in（C） at（D）among（A）occ
9、urrence（B） event（C） episode（D）incident（A）better（B） good（C） worse（D）awful（A）that（B） why（C） the way（D）which（A）waste（B） trash（C） debris（D）garbage（A）quality（B） ratings（C） production（D）audience（A）and（B） but（C） therefore（D）because（A）alive（B） live（C） myself（D）completely（A）watch（B） go over（C） tape（D）copy（A）
10、never（B） or（C） nor（D）andPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may ver
11、y profitably consider the ape.If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special
12、kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, d
13、oing household chores and even baby-sitting, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape.Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those egregio
14、us specimens of Home sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale o
15、f the twenty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest afterliterallytaking the wicked labor leader apart.Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully given up by mankind, to its great
16、 mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has annoyed so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: There would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxleys Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference betw
17、een breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.Notes:surrealistic 超现实的。 primate 灵长类动物。gorilla 大猩猩。baboon 狒狒。chore 杂活。care to do sth. (常用
18、于否定句 )(=willing to do or agree to do sth.) 愿意做某事。trust A with B 把 B 托付给 A. egregious (通常指坏人或坏事) 异乎寻常的，突出的。Home sapiens 人类。finale n. 结局。Epsilons 奴隶人名。assorted 各色各样的。Utopia 乌托邦，理想主义。21 According to the text, the ape should be considered for certain jobs _.（A）only if it is able to understand scores of
19、words.（B） which do not require any intelligence at all.（C） that are not suitable for human hands to tackle.（D）which are boring and cannot be tackled with machines.22 By “the honest but hairy hero“ (in Para. 3) the author most probably refers to _.（A）the human supervisor.（B） the geneticists as a whol
20、e.（C） the non-human worker.（D）the man breeding super-apes.23 The author states that a supply of non-human workers for low IQ jobs would _.（A）substitute them for humans completely.（B） benefit man mentally and physically.（C） give rise to the opposition from geneticists.（D）be a disadvantage to many hum
21、an workers.24 According to the author, breeding super-apes would be _.（A）a problem related to moral standards.（B） as bad as breeding sub-humans.（C） introducing a new form of slavery.（D）an advance in biological studies.25 The author of this article is _.（A）merely attempting to be humorous about the f
22、uture workers.（B） revealing his high opinion of mankinds prospect.（C） expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape.（D）presenting an applausible theory in a humorous tone.25 Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. So melted into pop culture are the five stages of gri
23、ef introduced in the 1960s by psychiatrist Elisabeth Kbler-Ross based on her studies of the emotional state of dying patients that they are regularly referenced without explanation.There appears to be no evidence, however, that most people most of the time go through most of the stages in this or an
24、y other order. According to Russell P. Friedman, executive director of the Grief Recovery Institute in Sherman Oaks, “no study has ever established that stages of grief actually exist, and what are defined as such cant be called stages. Grief is the normal and natural emotional response to loss. No
25、matter how much people want to create simple, bullet-point guidelines for the human emotions of grief, there are no stages of grief that fit any two people or relationships. “ Friedmans assessment comes from daily encounters with people experiencing grief in his practice.University of Memphis psycho
26、logist Robert A. Neimeyer confirms this analysis. He concluded in his scholarly book Meaning Reconstruction and the Experience of Loss: “At the most obvious level, scientific studies have failed to support any sequence of emotional phases of adaptation to loss or to identify any clear end point to g
27、rieving that would designate a state of recovery. “Nevertheless, the urge to compress the complexities of life into neat and tidy stages is irresistible. For example, Harvard University psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg postulated that our moral development progresses through six stages: parental punis
28、hment, selfish hedonism, peer pressure, law and order, social contract and principled conscience.Why stages? We are pattern-seeking, storytelling primates trying to make sense of an often chaotic and unpredictable world. A stage theory works in a manner similar to a species-classification heuristic
29、or an evolutionary-sequence schema. Stages also fit well into a chronological sequence where stories have set narrative patterns. Stage theories “impose order on chaos, offer predictability over uncertainty, and optimism over despair,“ explained social psychologist Carol Tavris. “One appeal of stage
30、 theories is that they tell a story they give us a narrative to live by (you feel this now, but soon . ). “Whats wrong with stages? First, Tavris noted, “in developmental psychology, the notion of predictable life stages is toast. Those stage theories reflected a time when most people marched throug
31、h life predictably: marrying at an early age; then having children when young; then work, work, work; then maybe a midlife crisis; then retirement; then death. Those passages theories evaporated with changing social and economic conditions that blew the predictability of our lives to hell. “Second,
32、Tavris continued, “is the guilt and pressure the theories impose on people who are not feeling what they think they should. This is why consumers of any kind of psychotherapy or posttraumatic intervention that spreads the notion of inevitable stages should be skeptical and cautious. “Stages are stor
33、ies that may be true for the storyteller, but that does not make them valid for the narrative known as science. 496 words26 According to Friedman , “five stages of grief“_.（A）will be accepted when enough evidence is collected（B） is not likely to be accepted as a scientific theory（C） should be furthe
34、r divided into more stages（D）should replace “stage“ with another term27 Whose viewpoint is most similar to that of Elisabeth Kbler-Ross?（A）Russell P. Friedman（B） Robert A. Neimeyer（C） Lawrence Kohlberg（D）Carol Tavris28 Many of us accept stage theories because_.（A）they often function well in practice
35、（B） they give us a sense of order（C） they agree with human evolutionism（D）they give us the courage to face uncertainty29 The word “toast“(Line 2, Para 6)most probably refers to “something that is_“.（A）popular and praised（B） common and ordinary（C） controversial but effective（D）common but wrong30 The
36、passage theories are wrong in that_.（A）they neglect the changes in the stages of life（B） they exclude the unpredictability of life（C） they may prompt us to take incautious activities（D）they miss some inevitable stages in life30 The protection of cultural diversity from a political and economic point
37、 of view in fact became pressing with globalization, which is characterized by the liberalization on a large scale of economic and commercial exchange, and thus, what has been called the commodification of culture. It has been noted, for instance, that over the past 20 years, trade in cultural goods
38、 has quadrupled and the new international rules (WTO, OECD) on trade are increasingly removing State support and protection measures in favour of national goods and services in the name of market freedom and free trade.For those in favour of the promotion of cultural diversity, which includes Canada
39、, France and the Group of 77 (group of developing countries), the aim is above all to obtain from the United States the guarantee that the “ Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions “, signed by UNESCO in November 2005, would not be subordinated to internat
40、ional trade instruments. Indeed, for the United States and other supporters of free trade, the convention is a bad idea and the measures referred to above stem quite simply from an interventionist conception of the State which is not likely to favour the market. Subsidies to cultural enterprises, th
41、e imposition of broadcast quotas and restrictions on foreign ownership of the media would, for them, interfere with the natural development of the market. In addition, even though it is not official, the convention on cultural diversity is for many Americans an attempt to undermine the global suprem
42、acy of their audiovisual industries.If the general understanding of cultural diversity is based mainly on binary distinctions such as modern culture /local culture, the reality of cultural diversity is not binary, but stems from respect for and acceptance of differences, dialogue, and the quest for
43、shared values, in order to leave behind the monologism that is a feature of the information society.In this setting, diversity is consequently a way of approaching the structure of how we live together, based on the acceptance of a plural vision of the world. We can see then that cultural diversity
44、is perceived here as the integration, rather than the superposition or juxtaposition of cultures and that the information society in which it is expressed is above all a society of shared knowledge.31 The commodification of culture is a feature of（A）cultural diversity.（B） globalization.（C） internati
45、onal trade.（D）information technology.32 According to the text, the WTO（A）is in favour of national cultural products.（B） is harmful to cultural diversity.（C） is to ensure the survival of cultural diversity.（D）is to make decisions on culture.33 What is the first task of the advocators of cultural dive
46、rsity?（A）To negotiate with the United States of America.（B） To revise some of the articles of the WTO.（C） To subordinate the Convention to the WTO and others.（D）To avoid the influence of information technology.34 The Americans believe that hidden behind the claims of cultural diversity（A）is a bad id
47、ea to harm the free market.（B） is an interventionist conception of the State.（C） is an intention to beat their culture industries.（D）is an attempt to undermine the WTO.35 Cultural diversity actually needs an information society which（A）commodificates cultures.（B） has a dominant culture.（C） favours t
48、he free trade.（D）shares knowledge.35 A. Main Results of Recent Researches.B. Popular Doubt about the New View.C. Effect of Environment on Intelligence.D. Intelligence and Achievement.E. Impact on School Education.F. A Changed View of Intelligence.G. Interaction between gene and environment.Intellige
49、nce was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value, therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within s
