1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 111 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 【B1】 homelessness has reached such proportions that local govern
2、ment cant possibly 【B2】 .To help homeless people 【B3】 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 【B4】 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【B5】 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 【B6】 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.
3、【B7】 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 【B8】 , one of the federal governments studies 【B9】 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 【B10 】 this growing homeless population has beco
4、me increasingly difficult. 【B11】 when homeless individuals manage to find a 【B12】 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 【B13】 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. A
5、nd a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 【B14】 not addicted or men tally ill, simply lack the everyday 【B15】 skills needed to turn their lives 【 B16】 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 【B17】 program
6、s that address the many needs of the homeless. 【B18】 Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 【B19】 it. “There has to be 【B20 】 of programs. What we need is a package deal“.1 【B1 】（A）Indeed（B） Likewise（C） Therefore（D）Furthermore2 【B2 】（A）stand（B） cope（C） a
7、pprove（D）retain3 【B3 】（A）in（B） for（C） with（D）toward4 【B4 】（A）raise（B） add（C） take（D）keep5 【B5 】（A）Generally（B） Almost（C） Hardly（D）Not6 【B6 】（A）cover（B） change（C） range（D）differ7 【B7 】（A）Now that（B） Although（C） Provided（D）Except that8 【B8 】（A）inflating（B） expanding（C） increasing（D）extending9 【B9 】（A）
8、predicts（B） displays（C） proves（D）discovers10 【B10 】（A）assist（B） track（C） sustain（D）dismiss11 【B11 】（A）Hence（B） But（C） Even（D）Only12 【B12 】（A）lodging（B） shelter（C） dwelling（D）house13 【B13 】（A）searching（B） strolling（C） crowding（D）wandering14 【B14 】（A）when（B） once（C） while（D）whereas15 【B15 】（A）life（B）
9、existence（C） survival（D）maintenance16 【B16 】（A）around（B） over（C） on（D）up17 【B17 】（A）complex（B） comprehensive（C） complementary（D）compensating18 【B18 】（A）So（B） Since（C） As（D）Thus19 【B19 】（A）puts（B） interprets（C） assumes（D）makes20 【B20 】（A）supervision（B） manipulation（C） regulation（D）coordinationGrammar
10、21 He must have had an accident, or he_then.（A）would have been here（B） had to be here（C） should be here（D）would be here22 This is the girl_ has been highly praised.（A）of whom the painting（B） the painting of whose（C） who painting（D）whose painting23 1 dont mind_the decision as long as it is not too la
11、te.（A）you delay to make（B） your delaying to make（C） you to delay making（D）your delaying making24 They were expected to be models of virtue, honoured as_for their character as for their learning.（A）much（B） more（C） great（D）many25 _ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.（A）For the reas
12、on that he is（B） The reason of being（C） Just because he is（D）That he is26 Weve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, _should make great differences in our life next summer.（A）which（B） what（C） that（D）they27 They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead
13、of time, _ is something we had not expected.（A）which（B） it（C） that（D）what28 Unless I was_mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.（A）very much（B） too（C） almost（D）very29 This question_at our next meeting.（A）will bring up（B） has brought up（C） will be brought up（D）has been brought up30 Today chi
14、ldren_everywhere in China.（A）take good care of（B） have taken good care of（C） had been taken good care of（D）are being taken good care ofPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 The Electromagnetic Radiation Affects O
15、ur LifeWhether mobile phones can cause cancer remains an open question. But they are also accused by some of causing pain. A growing number of people around the world claim to be “electrosensitive“ , in other words physically responsive to the electromagnetic fields that surround phones and the othe
16、r electronic devices that clutter the modern world. Indeed, at least one country, Sweden, has recognized such sensitivity as a disability, and will pay for the dwellings of sufferers to be screened from the worlds electronic smog.The problem is that, time and again, studies of those claiming to be e
17、lectrosensitive show their ability to determine whether they are being exposed to a real electric field or a sham one is no better than chance. So, unless they are lying about their symptoms, the cause of those symptoms needs to be sought elsewhere.Michael Landgrebe and Ulrich Frick, of the Universi
18、ty of Regensburg, in Germany, think that the “elsewhere“ in question is in the brain and, in a paper presented recently to the Royal Society in London, they describe an experiment which, they think, proves their point.Dr. Landgrebe and Dr. Frick used a body scanner called a functional magnetic-reson
19、ance imager to see how peoples brains react to two different kinds of stimulus. Thirty participants, half of whom described them- selves as electrosensitive, were put in the imager and told that they would undergo a series of trials in which they would be exposed either to an active mobile phone or
20、to a heating device called a thermode, whose temperature would be varied between the trials. The thermode was real. The mobile phone, however, was a dummy.The type of stimulus, be it the authentic heat source or the sham electromagnetic radiation, was announced before each exposure and the volunteer
21、s were asked to rate its unpleasantness on a five-point scale. In the case of heat, the two groups descriptions of their experiences were comparable. So, too, was their brain activity. However, when it came to the sham-phone exposure, only the electrosensitive described any sensationswhich ranged fr
22、om prickling to pain. Moreover, they showed neural activity to match.This suggests that eiectrosensitivity, rather than being a response to electromagnetic stimulus, is similar to well-known psychoso-matic disorders such as some sorts of tinnitus and chronic pain. A psychosomatic disorder is one in
23、which the symptoms are real, but are induced by cognitive functions such as attitudes, beliefs and expectations rather than by direct external stimuli.The paradoxical point of Dr. Landgre-bes and Dr. Fricks experiment is that mobile phones do indeed inflict real suffering on some unfortunate individ
24、uals. It is just that the electromagnetic radiation they emit has nothing whatsoever to do with it.31 According to the first paragraph, Sweden_.（A）has recognised electrosensitivity as a disability（B） has too many mobile phones（C） has too many people claiming to be “electrosensitive“（D）has a serious
25、problem of electronic smog32 The phrase “no better than chance“ (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means_.（A）quite successful（B） based on facts（C） correct only by luck（D）wrong33 In the experiment of Dr. Landgrebe and Dr. Frick._.（A）thirty participants described themselves as electrosensitive（B） the tem
26、perature would remain the same between the trials（C） the thermode was sham（D）the mobile phone was sham34 According to Dr. Landgrebe and Dr. Frick. electrosensitive_.（A）is a response to electromagnetic stimulus（B） does not have real symptoms（C） is induced by cognitive functions（D）is induced by direct
27、 external stimuli35 According to this passage, the experiment of Dr. Landgrebe and Dr. Frick_.（A）has great scientific value（B） proves mobile phones can cause cancer（C） does not successfully prove the point of Dr. Landgrebe and Dr. Frick（D）shows that those who claim to be electrosensitive are lying a
28、bout their symptoms36 Much of the American anxiety about old age is a flight from the reality of death. One of the striking qualities of the American character is the unwillingness to face either the fact or meaning of death. In the more somber tradition of American literaturefrom Hawthorne and Melv
29、ille and Poe to Faulkner and Hemingwayone finds a tragic depth that disguises the surface thinness of the ordinary American death attitudes. By an effort of the imagination, the great writers faced problems that the culture in action is reluctant to facethe fact of death, its mystery, and its place
30、in the back-and-forth shuttling of the eternal recurrence. The unblinking confrontation of death in Greek time, the elaborate theological patterns woven around it in the Middle Ages, the ritual celebration of it in the rich, peasant cultures of Latin and Slavic Europe and in primitive cultures; thes
31、e are difficult to find in American life.Whether through fear of the emotional depths, or because of a drying up of the floodgates of religious intensity, the American avoids dwelling on death or even coming to terms with it; he finds it morbid and moves back from it, surrounding it with word avoida
32、nce (Americans never die; they “pass away“) and various taboos of speech and practice. A “funeral parlor“ is decorated to look like a bank; everything in a funeral ceremony is done in hushed tones, as if it were something secret, to be concealed from the world; there is so much emphasis on being dig
33、nified that the ceremony often loses its quality: of dignity. In some of the primitive cultures, there is difficulty in under-standing the causes of death; it seems puzzling and even unintelligible. Living in a scientific culture, Americans have a ready enough explanation of how it comes, yet they s
34、how little capacity to come to terms with the fact of death itself and with the grief that accompanies it.“We jubilate over birth and dance at weddings,“ writes Margaret Mead, “but more and more deal with the death off the scene without ceremony, without an opportunity for young and old to realize t
35、hat death is as much a fact of life as is birth.“ And one may add, even in its hurry and brevity, the last stage of an Americans life m the last occasion of this relation to his societyis as standardized as the rest.36 Unwillingness to face death is（A）a characteristic of American society.（B） a quali
36、ty found in all civilizations.（C） a quality inherited from our Latin ancestors.（D）a quality of the American character.37 In the novels of Hawthorne and Melville, one will find（A）ordinary American death attitudes.（B） a willingness to accept death as a fact of life.（C） a superficial attitude toward de
37、ath.（D）the foundation of modern American beliefs about death.38 What is/was peoples attitude towords death?（A）In American life, people hardly mention the death.（B） In the Middle Ages, death was surrounded by respect.（C） In primitive cultures, death was faced with awe.（D）In Greek times, people.were a
38、fraid of facing death.39 In the authors opinion, Americans refuse to dwell on the idea of death（A）out of fear of the emotional depths.（B） because they are no longer intensely religious.（C） because they are materialists.（D）either out of dread or lack of religious beliefs.40 Margaret Mead suggests tha
39、t（A）we should not rejoice at a birth.（B） we should cry at a birth and rejoice at a funeral.（C） a wedding should be solemn affair.（D）death should be accepted in the same spirit as marriage and birth.40 Fate has not been kind to the western grey whale. Its numbers have dwindled to 130 or so, leaving i
40、t “critically endangered” in the eyes of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Fishing-nets, speeding ships, pollution and coastal development threaten the few that remain. Most recently, drilling for oil and gas in their main summer feeding grounds, near Sakhalin island off Russia
41、s Pacific coast, has brought fresh risks for the luckless creatures. Yet the rush to develop Sakhalins offshore fields may yet be the saviour of the species.When drilling was first discussed in the 1990s, there were muted complaints. When a consortium called Sakhalin. Energy, led by Royal Dutch Shel
42、l, announced plans to build an oil platform and lay pipelines in the only bay where the whales were known to congregate, these protests proliferated.In response, the consortium established an independent panel to advise it on how best to protect the whales and promised to fund its work. It subsequen
43、tly agreed to change the route of the pipeline at the panels suggestion, although it refused to move the platform, as other critics had demanded. It also agreed either to follow the panels recommendations in future or to explain publicly why it was rejecting them.The platforms and pipelines are now
44、complete. Sakhalin Energy exported its first cargo of liquefied natural gas last week. The project, says Shell, is an engineering triumph and a commercial success despite all the controversy.But has it been a success for the whales? Sakhalin Energy says their number seems to be growing by 2.5% a yea
45、r, although Ian Craig, the firms boss, admits that the cause might be greater scrutiny rather than population growth. The scientists on the panel still seem worried. They complain that the firm has not always provided the information they need to assess the threat to the whales. It also has not alwa
46、ys followed advice, the scientists advice about how noisy construction might scare the animals away, for example, or the speed that boats should travel to minimize the risk of hitting the whales. The scientists warn that the loss of just a few fertile females would be enough to tip the population in
47、to irrevocable decline. Last summer, there seemed to be far fewer whales around than normal.On the other hand, the panel knows this only because Sakhalin Energy funds lots of research on the whales. As a result, it has discovered that they have a wider range than originally thought, which might expl
48、ain why so few of them showed up off Sakhalin island last year.Therefore, it is hard to escape the conclusion that, for creatures with a lot as sorry as the western grey whale, a nearby oil project is something of a blessing.41 Why are Sakhalins offshore oil and gas projects regarded as risks for th
49、e western grey whale?（A）Because they instantly endanger the animals summer habitat.（B） Because drilling for oil and gas may cause new pollution to the sea.（C） Because they need more ships which are dangers to the animal.（D）Because offshore development may result in more harm. 42 To ease the protest against its projects, Sakhalin Energy（A）moved its platform from the bay where the whales congregate.（B） established a panel to be in charge of its public relationship.（C） rejected its p
