1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 116 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Karl Von Linne (or Linnaeus, as he is widely known) was a Swedish biologist who devised the system of Latinised scientific names f
2、or living things that biologists use to this day. When he came to (1)_ people into his system, he put them into a group called Ho moand Linnes hairless fellow humans are still known biologically as Homo sapiens. (2)_ the group originally had a second member, Homo troglodytes. It lived in Africa, and
3、 the pictures show it to be covered (3)_ hair.Modern (4)_ are not as generous as Linne in welcoming other species into Mans lofty (5)_, and the chimpanzee is now referred to (6)_ Pan troglodytes. But Pan or Homo, there is no (7)_ that chimps are humans nearest living relatives, and that if the secre
4、ts of what makes humanity special are ever to be (8)_, understanding why chimps are not people, nor people chimps, is a crucial part of the process. That, in turn, means looking at the DNA of the two species, (9)_ it is here that the (10)_ must originate.One half of the puzzle has been (11)_ for sev
5、eral years: the human genome was published in 2001. The second has now been added, with the announcement in this weeks Nature (12)_ the chimpanzee genome has been sequenced as well. For those expecting (13)_ answers to age-old questions (14)_, the publication of the chimp genome may be something of
6、an (15)_ There are no immediately obvious genespresent in one, but not the otherthat account for such characteristic human (16)_ as intelligence or even hairlessness. And (17)_ there is a gene connected with language, known as FOXP2, it had already been discovered. But although the preliminary compa
7、rison of the two genomes (18)_ by the members of the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, the multinational team that generated the sequence, did not (19)_ any obvious nuggets of genetic gold, it does at least show where to look for (20)_.（A）slot（B） pledge（C） plot（D）scrutinize（A）And（B） Or（
8、C） Thereby（D）But（A）by（B） throughout（C） with（D）beyond（A）demographers（B） taxonomists（C） chronologists（D）psychologists（A）subject（B） dominion（C） ideal（D）species（A）as（B） in（C） among（D）without（A）suspension（B） suspicion（C） rotation（D）doubt（A）disintegrated（B） distracted（C） deleted（D）disentangled（A）because o
9、f（B） though（C） for（D）whereas（A）disputes（B） differences（C） hunches（D）humanities（A）ruthless（B） mediocre（C） opaque（D）available（A）that（B） where（C） which（D）in that（A）instant（B） instinctive（C） constant（D）intuitive（A）too（B） either（C） though（D）also（A）panacea（B） anticlimax（C） zenith（D）momentum（A）defects（B） m
10、erits（C） flaws（D）attributes（A）while（B） once（C） when（D）as if（A）duplicated（B） dwarfed（C） made（D）over lapped（A）show up（B） turn up（C） resort to（D）tarn to（A）him（B） it（C） them（D）herGrammar21 He was punished_ he should made the same mistake again.（A）unless（B） lest（C） if（D）provided22 You will see to_the eng
11、ine does not get out of order.（A）that（B） however（C） it that（D）which23 Everything_remains can be divided between you.（A）that（B） what（C） which（D）whose24 The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly_.（A）noticed（B） being noticed（C） to n
12、otice（D）to be noticed25 The children prefer camping in the mountains_an indoor activity.（A）to（B） than（C） for（D）with26 For some time now, world leaders_out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.（A）had been pointing（B） have been pointing（C） were pointing（D）pointed27 The hostess_ the maid _ the
13、 table for dinner while we arrived after a three-hour drive from the town.（A）told, to make（B） was telling, to do（C） told, to lay（D）was telling, to set28 All_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.（A）what is needed（B） for our needs（C） the thing needed（D）that is needed29 If you_in su
14、ch a hurry you_ sugar into the sauce instead of salt.（A）were not, would not put（B） were, would put（C） had been, would have put（D）had not been, would not have put30 His composition is better than_in the class.（A）anyone（B） anyones（C） anyone else（D）anyone elsesPart ADirections: Read the following four
15、texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hopi
16、ng to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life e
17、specially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to, the signals of the infant, whose brain is programme
18、d to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts s
19、uggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understan
20、d simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with
21、 the capacity of speaking. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the Complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is young brains ability to pick out an order in lan
22、guage from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, a
23、nd responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31 According to the passage, Frederick
24、 carried on the experiments to _.（A）prove that children are born with the ability to speak（B） find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak（C） discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human Speech（D）prove that child would be damaged without learning
25、 language32 Some children are backward in speaking probably because _.（A）they are incapable, of learning language rapidly（B） they are exposed to too much language at once（C） their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak（D）their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them33 What i
26、s exceptionally remarkable about child is that _.（A）he is born with the capacity to speak（B） he has a brain more complex than an animal（C） he owes his speech ability to good nursing（D）he can produce his own sentences34 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?（A）The faculty of spe
27、ech is inborn in man.（B） Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.（C） The childs brain is highly selective.（D）Most children learn their language in definite stages.35 A child will _ in the future if he starts to speak later than others.（A）have a high IQ（B） be less inte
28、lligent（C） be insensitive to verbal signals（D）not necessarily be backward35 Global energy demand is expected to triple by mid-century. The earth is unlikely to run out of fossil fuels by then, given its vast reserves of coal, but it seems unthinkable that we will continue to use them as we do now. I
29、ts not just a question of supply and price, or even of the disease caused by filthy air. The terrorist assault on the World Trade Center raises other scary scenarios: how much easier would it be to crack open the Trans-Alaska pipeline and how much deadlier would it be to bomb a nuclear plant than to
30、 attack a wind farm?Skeptics may recall the burst of enthusiasm for conservation and renewable power when oil prices quadrupled in the 1970s. State-funded energy research and development surged, while tax incentives boosted solar, wind and other alternatives to petroleum and the atom. But when oil s
31、upplies loosened and prices dropped in the early 1990s, governments lost interest. In the state of California, subsidies evaporated, pushing wind companies into bankruptcy.Clean energy has long way to go. Only 2.2% of the worlds energy comes from “new“ renewables such as small hydroelectric dams, wi
32、nd, solar and geothermal. How to boost that share and at what pace is debated in industrialized nations from Japan, which imports 99.7 % of its oil, to Germany, where the nearby Chernobyl accident turned the public against nuclear plants, to the U.S., where the Bush Administration has strong ties to
33、 the oil industry. But the momentum toward clean renewables is undeniable. How soon we reach an era of clean, inexhaustible energy depends on technology. Solar and wind energies are intermittent: When the sky is cloudy or the breeze dies down, fossil fuel or nuclear plants must kick into compensate.
34、 But scientists are working on better ways to store electricity from renewable sources.While developed nations debate how to fuel their power plants, however, some 1.6 billion people a quarter of the globes population have no access to electricity or gasoline. Many spend their days collecting firewo
35、od and cow dung, burning it in primitive stoves that belch smoke into their lungs. To emerge from poverty, they need modern energy. And renewables can help. From village-scale hydropower to household photovoltaic systems to bio-gas stoves that convert dung into fuel.Ultimately, the earth can meet it
36、s energy needs without fouling the environment. “But it wont happen,“ asserts Thomas Johansson, an energy adviser to the United Nations Development Program, “without political will.“ To begin with, widespread government subsidies for fossil fuels and nuclear energy must be dismantled to level the pl
37、aying field for renewables. Moreover, government should pressure utility to meet targets for renewable sources of energy.36 The authors biggest worry about using nuclear energy is that_.（A）it will do great harm to the inadequate reserves of coal（B） it is deadly if terrorists attack a nuclear plant（C
38、） it will limit the development of many other alternatives（D）there will be a wider gap between developed and developing countries37 The renewable energy research lost support from governments in the early 1990s because_.（A）skeptics were becoming doubtful about the efficiency of renewables（B） renewab
39、les could not meet the increasing energy needs of the society（C） it was much easier and cheaper to use oil than before（D）the investment into the field was not worth its value38 Which one of the following applies to the use of renewables in developed nations?（A）The more developed a nation is, the hig
40、her the proportion of renewables being used.（B） Developed nations are experiencing a fierce energy revolution.（C） Developed nations ties with the oil industry are becoming tense.（D）Developed nations havent reached a consensus about using more renewables.39 From the passage, we can conclude that_.（A）
41、it will be impossible for wind and solar energy to completely replace fossil fuels（B） high technology plays a vital role in the trend toward clean energy（C） the development of a nation will inevitably pollute the environment（D）poor areas are badly polluted and are in high need of renewable energy40
42、The authors purpose of writing this passage is to_.（A）urge the governments to take effective measures（B） illustrate the urgent demand of clean energy（C） encourage developed nations to set up an example in the energy revolution（D）elaborate the difficulties in the use of clean energy41 “Ive never met
43、a human worth cloning“, says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A they could blaze new trails on their own.Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through sc
44、reen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch intelligent agents, or software messengers, to explore Websites by the thousands and logically sift out just whats relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But theres far more.Softwar
45、e agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping manufacturers find and negotiate with lowest-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including
46、todays Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Semantic Web would make it possible to evaluate more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the
47、 reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could be distilled and summarized. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, “will help more people become more intuitive as well as more an
48、alytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspectives, so we have a better chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issueslike the environment and climate warming“.46 Had he liked, Berners-Lee could have（A）created the most important innovation
49、in the 1990s.（B） accumulated as much personal wealth as Bill Gates.（C） patented the technology of Microsoft software（D）given his brainchild to us all.47 The Semantic Web will be superior to todays web in that it（A）surpasses people in processing numbers.（B） fulfills users original expectations.（C） deals with language and reason as well as number.（D）responds like a rebelli
