1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 130（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Strange things have been happening to England. Still【1】from the dissolution of the empire in the years【2】World War , now the English
2、 find they are not even British. As the cherished “United Kingdom“ breaks into its【3】parts, Scots are clearly【4】and the Welsh, Welsh. But who exactly are the English? Whats left of them, with everything but the【5】half of their island taken away? Going back in time to【 6】roots doesnt help. First came
3、 the Celts, then the Romans, then Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Danes. Invasion after invasion, until the Norman Conquest. English national identity only seemed to find its【7】later, on the shifting sands of expansionism, from Elizabethan times onwards. The empire seemed to seal it. But now theres just Engl
4、and,【8】of a green island in the northern seas, lashed by rain, scarred by two【9】of vicious industrialization fallen【10】dereliction, ruined, as DH. Lawrence thought, by “the tragedy of ugliness,“ its abominable architecture. Of all English institutions, the one to【11】on would surely be the pub. Shelt
5、er to Chaucers pilgrims, home to Falstaff and Hal, throne of felicity to Dr. Johnson, the pub- that smoky, yeasty den of jollity-is the womb of【12】, if anywhere is. Yet in the midst of this national【13】crisis, the pub, the mainstay of English life, a staff driven【14】into the sump of history,【15】as t
6、he Saxons, is suddenly dying and evolving at【16】rates. Closing at something like a rate of more than three a day, pubs have become【 17】enough that for the first time since the Domesday Book, more than half the villages in England no longer have one. Its a rare pub that still【18】, or even limps on, b
7、y being what it was【19】to be: a drinking establishment. The old【20】of a pub as a place for a “session,“ a lengthy, restful, increasingly tipsy evening of swigging, is all but defunct.（A）reeling（B） struggling（C） running（D）passing （A）before（B） followed（C） following（D）with （A）comprising（B） constituent（
8、C） form（D）ingredient （A）Scotland（B） Scotch（C） Scottish（D）Irish （A）northern（B） western（C） eastern（D）southern （A）look（B） trace（C） search（D）hunt （A）feet（B） resources（C） core（D）reflection （A）full（B） little（C） half（D）all （A）years（B） decades（C） centuries（D）periods （A）from（B） out（C） away（D）into （A）remember
9、（B） count（C） raise（D）differentiate （A）Englishness（B） Britishness（C） Scottishness（D）Welshness （A）identity（B） financial（C） economic（D）political （A）up（B） down（C） right（D）left （A）historical（B） barbarian（C） old（D）remote （A）equal（B） different（C） unprecedented（D）fast （A）enough（B） scarce（C） cheap（D）popular
10、（A）thrives（B） closes（C） stands（D）exists （A）asked（B） born（C） meant（D）required （A）belief（B） idea（C） reflection（D）circumstance Grammar21 It is essential that these application forms_back as earlier as possible.（A）must be sent（B） will be sent（C） are sent（D）be sent22 All this leads to a population in the
11、 twenty-first century that is smaller_feared few years ago.（A）than was（B） that was（C） than that（D）it was23 He moved away from his parents, and missed them_ enjoy the exciting life in New York.（A）enough to（B） too much to（C） very much to（D）much so as to24 _the explosion occurred was that the laborator
12、y attendant had been careless.（A）That（B） What（C） Why（D）How25 He_unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.（A）may have acted（B） must have acted（C） should act（D）would act26 Among the first to come and live in North America _, who later prospered mainly in New England.（A）had been Dut
13、ch settlers（B） Dutch settlers were there（C） were Dutch settlers（D）Dutch settlers had been there27 _with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.（A）When compared（B） Compare（C） While comparing（D）Comparing28 I_ the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a cro
14、wd of people there.（A）would enjoy（B） will have enjoyed（C） would have enjoyed（D）will be enjoying29 Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations_formal language is used.（A）in which（B） at what（C） on which（D）in that30 _finished speaking
15、when someone rose to refute his points.（A）Hardly he had（B） He hardly has（C） Had he hardly（D）Hardly had hePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 On-line Service TwitterIn September 2008, Twitter co-founder Biz Ston
16、e said the company never met to hammer out business model. No brainstorming sessions; no scribblings on a white board; the entire site would go down for hours at a time. Stone and his team were far too busy combating the sites recurring problems to worry about how it would eventually support itself.
17、 It appears that over the past year and a half. Twitter has managed to schedule a few meetings. On Tuesday, it announced and outlined its strategy to make money.The main point is Twitters decision to mask its ads as actual tweets. Rather than seeing a big, glossy image advertising a Frappuccino, use
18、rs will see a sponsored Starbucks tweet that hypes the latest Frappuccino flavor. Its admittedly a small difference, but its one that allows Twitter to be true to the past three years of its development while setting a course for the next three years.Self-promotion is always what Twitter has done be
19、st. Professionals fill their feeds with links to their own work. Amateurs respond with mundane advertisements for themselves. Companies, threatened by all of this self-branding, have responded in kind. Some businesses have hundreds of followers; no matter the follower count, every tweet is a shill.F
20、acebook has proved how hard it is to advertise against a social network. The concern is that if Twitter becomes too much of a social networkand not enough of an aggregator it will run into the same problem. In the end, the same advertising principles that exist online exist offline.Twitter is convin
21、ced the way it can make sure its ads work is by making sure theyre “resonant“. That word was all over Twitters ad announcement, and its sure to become a new buzzword for the Web. Twitters general principle is that its going to display only ads that users like the ones that resonate. Its great in the
22、ory, impossible to do in practice. If Starbucks is spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on Twitter ads but its Twitter ads are terrible, is Twitter really going to tell Starbucks to take back its money?31 What is said about Twitters business model?（A）There has been a complete set of business mo
23、del since Twitter was established.（B） Twitters employees are encouraged to have brainstorms for better business model.（C） Twitter has worked out detailed business model about how to support itself.（D）With the passage of time. Twitter has managed to improve its business model.32 What is the character
24、istic of Twitters ads?（A）Twitters ads are actually hidden among ordinary tweets.（B） Twitter prefers to use big glossy images to attract peoples attention.（C） Twitters ads are usually sponsored by big companies like Starbucks（D）After three years trial, Twitter has decided to change its ads style.33 W
25、hat makes Twitters ads well-known?（A）Ads writers would like to promote their own work.（B） Professional ads writers have produced many creative ads.（C） Many companies provide support since they can benefit from the ads.（D）A lot of followers are willing to buy self-branding products.34 What is the pro
26、blem that Facebook is faced with?（A）Lack of social support, it is hard for Facebook to become popular.（B） It meets difficulties when Facebook makes ads in a social network.（C） Facebook meets with intense competition from new rivals like Twitter.（D）It is difficult for Facebook to make ads online just
27、 as offline.35 What can be inferred from the passage?（A）Twitter would like to make the word “resonant“ a popular buzzword.（B） The ads that are resonated by most users are the best ones.（C） Twitters “resonant“ strategy is proved to be successful.（D）Companies may run a risk if they pay for Twitters ad
28、s.35 In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 1 5, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.Many animal species are “cultural“ in the sense that individuals acquire
29、important behaviors and skills from groupmates via social learning. Thus, whales socially learn some hunting techniques from others, capuchin monkeys socially learn some grooming-type behaviors from others, and chimpanzees acquire the use of some tools by observing the tool-use activities of others
30、in their social group.But human culture is clearly different. Nonhuman primate(and other animal)culture is essentially individualistic, or maybe even exploitative. 【R1】_.In contrast, human culture and cultural transmission are fundamentally cooperative. Synchronically, humans engage in much more coo
31、perative behavior in terms of such things as collaborative problem solving and cooperative communication. Moreover, human individuals live in a world in which the group expects them to conform to its particular conventions and social norms or else! 【R2】_.Diachronically, this cooperative way of livin
32、g translates into established members of the group teaching things to youngsters, who not only learn but actively conform. 【R3】 _. The result is human handicrafts and symbol systems with “histories,“ so-called cumulative cultural evolution.Underlying humans uniquely cooperative lifeways and modes of
33、 cultural transmission are a set of species-unique social-cognitive processes, which we may refer to collectively as skills and motivations for shared intentionality. 【R4】_. Skills and motivations of shared intentionality arose as part of a coevolutionary process in which humans evolved species-uniq
34、ue ways of operating, indeed cooperating, within their own self-built cultural worlds.It must be emphasized that the evolutionary dimension of culture highlighted here is clearly only one aspect of the process. 【R5】_. Human cognitive and motivational adaptations for culture are simply psychological
35、enabling conditions for the generation and maintenance of the specific cultural handicrafts and practices created by specific cultural groups which, by all appearances, are endlessly creative.ATeaching and conformity are main contributors to the stability of cultural practices in a group and precise
36、ly because of this stability to the unique ways in which human cultural practices develop in complexity over historical time.BThat is to say, when a chimpanzee individual observes another using a tool and then learns something that facilitates her own use, she is simply gathering information that is
37、 useful to her - much as she might gather information from the inanimate world. The one being observed may not even know that the observer is gathering information from her actions.CMoreover, in experimental studies using, for example, the ultimatum game, humans in all cultures show some kinds of so
38、cial norms in distributing resources, whereas chimpanzees in an ultimatum game behave in an almost totally self-centered manner.DThe result is a society structured by cooperatively created and enforced conventions and norms for how to behave as one of “us“, resulting ultimately in rule-governed soci
39、al institutions.EThe specific cultural practices and products generated by individuals interacting with one another in cultural groups - everything from specific linguistic constructions to techniques for building kayaks or skyscrapers can in no way be reduced to biology.FThe ultimate outcome of soc
40、ial norms in human groups is the creation of social institutions, whose existence is constituted by the collective agreement of all group members that things should be done in a particular way.GThese involve such things as the ability and motivation to form shared goals and intentions with others in
41、 collaborative activities, and the ability and motivation to share experience with others via joint attention, cooperative communication, and teaching.36 【R1 】37 【R2 】38 【R3 】39 【R4 】40 【R5 】41 People can get emotional about immigration. Bill OReilly, a talk-show host, devoted a recent segment to th
42、e story of an illegal alien who got drunk and accidentally killed two attractive white girls with his car. If only he had been deported for previous misdemeanours, Mr. OReilly raged, those girls would still be alive. Another talk-show host, Geraldo Rivera, during an on-air shout-joust(争吵) with Mr. O
43、 Reilly, denounced his demagogic choice of story-angle as“ a sin“.President George Bush tried again this week to bring a more rational tone to the debate. He urged the new Democratic Congress to revive the immigration reforms that the old Republican Congress killed last year. His proposal was broadl
44、y the same as before. He said he wanted to make it harder to enter America illegally, but easier to do so legally, and to offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegals who have already snuck in.The first part faces few political hurdles and is already well under way. Mr. Bush expects to
45、 have doubled the number of Border Patrol agents by the end of next year. The new recruits are being trained. And to defend against the invading legions of would-be gardeners and hotel cleaners, the frontier is also equipped with high-tech military gizmos(小发明), such as unmanned spy planes with infra
46、-red(红外) cameras. This may be having some effect. Mr. Bush boasted that the number of people caught sneaking over the border had fallen by nearly 30% this year.And the controversial part of Mr. Bushs immigration packageallowing more immigrants in and offering those already in America a chance to bec
47、ome legalis still just a plan. House Republicans squashed it last year. Mr. Bush senses a second chance with the new Democratic Congress, but Democrats, like Republicans, are split on the issue. Some, notably Ted Kennedy, think America should embrace hard-working migrants. Others fret that hard-work
48、ing migrants will undercut the wages of the native-born.Mr. Bush would like to see the pro-immigrant wings of both parties work together to give him a bill he can sign. The Senate is expected to squeeze in a debate next month. The administration is trying to entice law-and-order Republicans on board
49、; a recent leaked memo talked of substantial fines for illegals before they can become legal and“ much bigger“ fines for employers who hire them before they do.The biggest hurdle, however, may be the Democrats reluctance to co-operate with Mr. Bush. Some figure that, rather than letting their hated adversary share the credit for fixing the immigration system, they should stall until a Democrat is in the White House and then take it all. So ther
