1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 179 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Since the adversity quotient considerably contributes to our life and social progress, we are obligated to train ourselves so as t
2、o possess the adversity quotient and keep moving forward in our life, work, and study.American Museum of Natural History is one of the largest natural and historic museums in the world and one of the main natural history research and education centres in the United States, set up in 1869 and located
3、 in the west of the Central Park, Manhattan District, New York. It【B1】_ 7 hectares in its total area,【B2 】_ classical types of buildings. The【B3】_ of ancient creatures and humanity is【B4 】_ the first place of all the museums in the world, 【B5】 _ the representative samples from South America, Africa,
4、 Europe, Asia and Australia were collected, besides those from the【B6】_ country, the United States.In the museum, there are five kinds of exhibits, including astronomy, mineralogy, human history, and animals in the【B7】_ times and those in modern times. There are thirty-eight exhibition halls with di
5、fferent【B8】_ from 500 to 1,500 square metres. Besides these, there is a Roosevelt Memorial Hall in【B9】_ of President Roosevelt who supported the【B10】_ of the museum, which is also used to have a special exhibition, showing the new important【B11】_ on natural sciences and【B12】_ affairs and social prob
6、lems, and special topics connected closely with the life of the citizens. Besides this, it is also used for avocation【B13】_ to have all kinds of scientific activities in the laboratories, centres of natural science and centres for citizens. There are more than 10【B14】_ research departments mainly【B1
7、5】_ for collection of samples, research and work of publication.In the museum, there are【B16】_ and sub-libraries of Aulspond ancient amniote, with about 300 thousand books and magazines【B17】_ natural history, many of【B18 】_ are very valuable monographs for the first edition. It has published many ex
8、pert books and magazines, and a large number of propaganda materials, 【B19】_ which are the two magazines, Natural History and Members of Museum that have the biggest【B20】_ of their magazines.1 【B1 】（A）explores（B） demonstrates（C） expands（D）covers2 【B2 】（A）with（B） of（C） in（D）on3 【B3 】（A）display（B） fos
9、sil（C） analysis（D）collection4 【B4 】（A）in（B） of（C） by（D）at5 【B5 】（A）where（B） that（C） which（D）whose6 【B6 】（A）wholesome（B） feasible（C） native（D）weird7 【B7 】（A）original（B） contemporary（C） opposite（D）ancient8 【B8 】（A）regions（B） areas（C） sites（D）venues9 【B9 】（A）proposition（B） memory（C） profile（D）quotation
10、10 【B10 】（A）cause（B） fate（C） property（D）fortune11 【B11 】（A）obstacles（B） discoveries（C） obligations（D）inventions12 【B12 】（A）present（B） crucial（C） current（D）prevalent13 【B13 】（A）fans（B） lovers（C） addicts（D）actors14 【B14 】（A）subject（B） declaration（C） course（D）rehearsal15 【B15 】（A）evident（B） reliable（C）
11、 responsible（D）excessive16 【B16 】（A）libraries（B） clinic（C） congress（D）lobby17 【B17 】（A）of（B） for（C） from（D）on18 【B18 】（A）whom（B） what（C） which（D）that19 【B19 】（A）in（B） by（C） for（D）among20 【B20 】（A）publication（B） symposium（C） circulation（D）tacticPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer
12、the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In 1929 John D. Rockefeller decided it was time to sell shares when even a shoe-shine boy offered him a share tip. During the past week The Economists economics editor has been advised by a taxi driver, a plumber and a hairdresser
13、 that “you cant go wrong“ investing in housingthe more you own the better. Is this a sign that it is time to get out? At the very least, as house prices around the world climb to ever loftier heights, and more and more people jump on to the buy-to-let ladder, it is time to expose some of the fallaci
14、es regularly trotted out by so many self-appointed housing experts.One common error is that house prices must continue to rise because of a limited supply of land. For instance, it is argued that “house prices will always rise in London because lots of people want to live here“. But this confuses th
15、e level of prices with their rate of change. Home prices are bound to be higher in big cities because of land scarcity, but this does not guarantee that urban house prices will keep rising indefinitelyjust look at Tokyos huge price-drops since 1990. And, though it is true that a fixed supply of home
16、s may push up house prices if the population is rising, this would imply a steady rise in prices, not the 20% annual jumps of recent years.A second flawed argument is that low interest rates make buying a home cheaper, and so push up demand and prices. Lower interest rates may have allowed some peop
17、le, who otherwise could not have afforded a mortgage, to buy a home. But many borrowers who think mortgages are cheaper are suffering from money illusion.Interest rates are not very low in real, inflation-adjusted terms. Initial interest payments may seem low in relation to income, but because infla
18、tion is also low it will not erode the real burden of debt as swiftly as it once did. So in later years mortgage payments will be much larger in real terms. To argue that low nominal interest rates make buying a home cheaper is like arguing that a car loan paid off over four years is cheaper than on
19、e repaid over two years.Fallacy number three is a favourite claim of Alan Greenspan, chairman of Americas Federal Reserve. This is that price bubbles are less likely in housing than in the stock market because higher transaction costs discourage speculation. In fact, several studies have shown that
20、both in theory and in practice bubbles are more likely in housing than in shares. A study by the IMF finds that a sharp rise in house prices is far more likely to be followed by a bust than is a share-price boom.21 The term “fallacies“ (Paragraph 1) most probably means_.（A）ridiculous strategies（B） o
21、bsolete methodologies（C） mistaken beliefs（D）far-fetched assertions22 What is the relationship between the opening paragraph and the rest of the text?（A）The deadly sins are singled out in the first paragraph and then denied by the author of the text.（B） A generalization is made in the opening paragra
22、ph and elaborated in the following paragraphs.（C） The unusual anecdotes are quoted in the first paragraph and then articulated in the following paragraphs.（D）A generalization is advanced in the opening paragraph and refuted in the following paragraphs.23 The author of the text makes a comparison in_
23、.（A）Paragraph 4（B） concluding paragraph（C） Paragraph 2（D）opening paragraph24 The views of Alan Greenspan and the author of the text on price bubbles are_.（A）complementary（B） identical（C） opposite（D）similar25 To which of the following is the author likely to agree?（A）It is time to illustrate some pop
24、ular fallacies about buying a home.（B） Some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for the time being.（C） People should be punctual in business dealings of shares and housing.（D）Alan Greenspans claim can hold water with respect to fallacy member three.25 Many
25、 countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey H
26、erbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refusedand they ended up with several coves called Zog.America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign talent. Article two of the constitution says that “no person except a natural-born citizen. shall be eligible to the office of the pr
27、esident“. This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold Schwarzenegger.Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile cyborg swept to victory in Californias recall election, yet there is already an Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born
28、 governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his behalf. There are several “Arnold amendments“ in Congress: one allows foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become president. (The Austrian became American in 1983.)It is easy to dismiss the hoop
29、la as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr.Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor, but he has done little, as yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state.Indeed, even if the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this time
30、from Canada: the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic actor.Moreover, changing the American constitution is no doddle. It has happened only 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments were codified as the bil
31、l of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And, as some wags point
32、out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running military superpowers.26 The author of the text makes a contrast in_.（A）Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4（B） the opening paragraph（C） Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2（D）the concluding paragraph27 The phrase “has no truck with“ (Paragraph 2) most probab
33、ly means（A）lacks means of transportation for（B） never discriminate（C） have no vehicle to（D）refuses to consider28 Compared with Jennifer Granholm, Mr. Schwarzenegger is at disadvantage due to_.（A）more embarrassing secrets（B） previous actor background（C） excessive garment decoration（D）less slender fig
34、ure29 The word “cyborg“ (Paragraph 3) most probably refers to_.（A）Aubgrey Herbert（B） George Bush senior（C） William of Orange（D）Arnold Schwarzenegger30 It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph that_.（A）the American constitution is changeable and falls into a vicious cycle（B） there is a faint
35、chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold running（C） abolishing slavery and granting women the vote given an impetus to Arnold running（D）both houses of Congress hold whether he deserves to win is another matter30 A pair of dice, rolled again and again, will eventually produce two sixes. Simi
36、larly, the virus that causes influenza is constantly changing at random and, one day, will mutate in a way that will enable it to infect billions of people, and to kill millions. Many experts now believe a global outbreak of pandemic flu is overdue, and that the next one could be as bad as the one i
37、n 1918, which killed somewhere between 25m and 50m people. Today however, advances in medicine offer real hope that another such outbreak can be containedif governments start preparing now.New research published this week suggests that a relatively small stockpile of an anti-viral drugas little as 3
38、 m dosescould be enough to limit sharply a flu pandemic if the drugs were deployed quickly to people in the area surrounding the initial outbreak. The drugs manufacturer, Roche, is talking to the World Health Organisation about donating such a stockpile.This is good news. But much more needs to be d
39、one, especially with a nasty strain of avian flu spreading in Asia which could mutate into a threat to humans. Since the SARS outbreak in 2003 a few countries have developed plans in preparation for similar episodes. But progress has been shamefully patchy, and there is still far too little internat
40、ional co-ordination.A global stockpile of drugs alone would not be of much use without an adequate system of surveillance to identify early cases and a way of delivering treatment quickly. If an outbreak occurred in a border region, for example, a swift response would most likely depend on prior agr
41、eements between different countries about quarantine and containment.Reaching such agreements is rarely easy, but that makes the task all the more urgent. Rich countries tend to be better prepared than poor ones, but this should be no consolation to them. Flu does not respect borders. It is in every
42、ones interest to make sure that developing countries, especially in Asia, are also well prepared. Many may bridle at interference from outside. But if richer nations were willing to donate anti-viral drugs and guarantee a supply of any vaccine that becomes available, poorer nations might be willing
43、to reach agreements over surveillance and preparedness.Simply sorting out a few details now will have lives (and recriminations) later. Will there be enough ventilators, makes and drugs? Where will people be treated if the hospitals overflow? Will food be delivered as normal? Too many countries have
44、 no answers to these questions.31 The word “ contained“ (Paragraph 1) most probably means_.（A）checked（B） duplicated（C） included（D）forecast32 According to the text, it is upsetting that_.（A）the flu-catching is more pervasive the world over（B） the cause of initial outbreak has not been identified（C） g
45、lobal co-ordination is yet to well develop（D）people still have no answers concerning surveillance and containment33 The speed of remedy dispatch is of importance to_.（A）the recovery of the infected patient（B） the treatment of the ailing sufferer（C） the prevention of a flu pandemic（D）the efficiency o
46、f large supply of drugs34 According to the text, which of the followings is not readily made?（A）Publications of new research with respect to the supply of the interference from outside.（B） Construction of an adequate system of surveillance of early influenza cases.（C） Availability of anti-viral drug
47、s and any vaccine in underdeveloped nations.（D）Contracts between various nations concerning quarantine and containment.35 The best title for the text would be_.（A）The World Must Prepare for Pandemic Influenza（B） Similar Episodes of Initial Outbreak Are Always Evasive to Laymen（C） The Government Shou
48、ld Take Lead in the Prevention of Pandemic Influenza（D）The World Health Organization Must Authorize the Relevant Rescue System as Is Discussed in the Text35 Companies have embarked on what looks like the beginnings of a re-run of the mergers and acquisitions (M are investors right to think that thes
49、e mergers are more likely to succeed than earlier ones? There are two answers. The first is that past mergers may have been judged too harshly. The second is that the present rash of European deals does look more rational, but and the caveat is crucialonly so far. The pattern may not hold.M&As poor reputation stems not only from the string of spectacular failures in the 1990s, but also from
