1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 209 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 We are witnessing diminishing faith in institutions of all kinds. People dont trust the government. They dont trust banks and othe
2、r corporations.At the same time, we are 【C1】_ a period of profound technological change. 【C2】 _ the rise of bio-engineering, networked devices, space exploration, and machine learning, the mobile internet is recontextualizing how we 【C3】_ one another, dramatically changing the way people seek and sh
3、are information, and 【C4】 _ how we express our will as citizens in a democratic society.But trust is a 【C5】_ for democratic governance. And now, many are growing 【C6】 _ with democracy itself. Thats why we asked more than two dozen people 【C7】 _ think deeply about the intersection of technology and c
4、ivics to 【C8】 _ two questions:Is technology hurting democracy? And can technology help save democracy?We received an(a) 【C9】_ response. They are 【C10】_ many aspects and put a spotlight 【C11 】_ particular on correcting institutional failures that have contributed most to inequality of access 【C12】_ t
5、o ideological divisiveness and the spread of misinformation. They also offer concrete solutions for 【C13】_ citizens, corporations, and governmental bodies can improve the free flow of reliable information, pull one another 【C14】_ ever-deepening partisan echo chambers, and 【C15】_ the integrity of the
6、 voting process itself. 【C16】_ the unanimous sense of urgency, the authors of these essays are cautiously optimistic, too. Everyone who participated in this series believes there is hope yetfor democracy, and 【C17 】_ the institutions that support it. They also believe that technology can help, 【C18】
7、_ it will take time and money. Democracy can still 【C19】_ in this uncertain age, but not without 【C20 】_ and immediate action from the people who believe it is worth protecting.1 【C1 】（A）living in（B） living through（C） living on（D）living with2 【C2 】（A）Thanks to（B） Instead of（C） Apart from（D）Along wit
8、h3 【C3 】（A）relate to（B） connect with（C） deal with（D）put up with4 【C4 】（A）reversing（B） regaining（C） recognizing（D）reconfiguring5 【C5 】（A）commodity（B） reward（C） requisite（D）quality6 【C6 】（A）disillusioned（B） hopeful（C） stressed（D）optimistic7 【C7 】（A）whoever（B） whom（C） who（D）/8 【C8 】（A）allow for（B） take
9、 account of（C） reckon with（D）reflect on9 【C9 】（A）objective（B） generous（C） overwhelming（D）negative10 【C10 】（A）concerned with（B） familiar with（C） involved in（D）acquainted with11 【C11 】（A）on（B） in（C） at（D）with12 【C12 】（A）on the other hand（B） on the contrary（C） in addition（D）as well as13 【C13 】（A）where（
10、B） what（C） how（D）when14 【C14 】（A）out of（B） from（C） onto（D）into15 【C15 】（A）set up（B） shore up（C） take up（D）make up16 【C16 】（A）Concerning（B） For（C） Despite（D）Beneath17 【C17 】（A）for（B） in（C） with（D）at18 【C18 】（A）since（B） though（C） because（D）when19 【C19 】（A）vanish（B） sprout（C） wither（D）thrive20 【C20 】（A
11、）imprudent（B） deliberate（C） sluggish（D）meticulousPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the ac
12、celerating shift of economic activity from Europe and North America to markets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. McKinsey Global Institute research suggests that 400 midsize emerging-market cities, many unfamiliar in the West, will generate nearly 40 percent of global growth over the next 15 years
13、. The International Monetary Fund confirms that the ten fastest-growing economies during the years ahead will all be in emerging markets. Against this backdrop, continuing advances in information and communications technology have made possible new forms of international coordination within global c
14、ompanies and potential new ways for them to flourish in these fast-growing markets.There are individual success stories. IBM expects to earn 30 percent of its revenues in emerging markets by 2015, up from 17 percent in 2009. At Unilever, emerging markets make up 56 percent of the business already. A
15、nd Aditya Birla Group, a multinational conglomerate based in India, now has operations in 40 countries and earns more than half its revenue outside India.But, overall, global organizations are struggling to adapt. A year ago, we uncovered a “globalization penalty“: high-performing global companies c
16、onsistently scored lower than more locally focused ones on several dimensions of organizational health. For example, the former were less effective at establishing a shared vision, encouraging innovation, executing “on the ground,“ and building relationships with governments and business partners. E
17、qually arresting was evidence from colleagues in McKinseys strategy practice showing that global companies headquartered in emerging markets have been growing faster than counterparts headquartered in developed ones, even when both are operating on “neutral turf“ emerging markets where neither is ba
18、sed (see “Parsing the growth advantage of emerging-market companies“).Over the past year, weve tried to understand more clearly the challenges facing global organizations, as well as approaches that are helping some to thrive. Our work has included surveys and structured interviews with more than 30
19、0 executives at 17 of the worlds leading global organizations spanning a diverse range of sectors and geographies, a broader survey of more than 4,600 executives, and time spent working directly with the leaders of dozens of global organizations trying to address these issues.Clearly, no single orga
20、nizational model is best for all companies handling the realities of rapid growth in emerging markets and round-the-clock global communications. Thats partly because the opportunities and challenges facing companies vary, depending on their business models. R the amounts that insurance companies are
21、 willing to pay for those services. The figures are determined by a negotiated contract that dictates the rate at which the companies will reimburse the hospital on the patients behalf. (In addition, the rates paid by Medicare and Medicaid, Askinazi adds, often fail to cover the hospitals cost of pr
22、oviding the service in the first place, which means some of those costs are often shifted to commercially insured patients.)Now, all those factors affect the math for one simple outpatient test. For an inpatient hospital stay, those computations sprout into an intricate vine in which every service (
23、from radiology to pathology) generates its own charges. The hospital also has facility charges, covering room and board, certain room-use fees (such as the operating room) , and nursing services, all of which get consolidated into the bill sent to you and your insurance company.As technology advance
24、s, those charges rise. Palmer had a client from Louisville, Kentucky, who was astonished to receive a charge of $45,330 for a prostate surgery and an overnight stay (insurance would cover only $4,845). The billing department told Palmer that the steep price was not only because it was a robotic proc
25、edure but also because patients who receive the high-tech surgery shortly after the hospital starts offering it are helping to recoup the facilitys equipment costs.26 According to Murray Askinazi, the charge for an outpatient MRI is based on the following factors EXCEPT _.（A）the maintenance of the m
26、achinery（B） staff salaries（C） local taxation（D）malpractice insurance fees27 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?（A）Some of the hospital costs will be covered by commercial insurance companies.（B） The insurance companies are willing to pay for all the charges.（C） Hospital sticker
27、prices usually get trumped by a high power from the hospital.（D）The rate that insurance companies will pay is determined by themselves.28 “An intricate vine“ (Line 2, Para. 4) refers to _.（A）the difficulty for an inpatient hospital stay（B） the huge amount of hospital charges（C） the problem in calcul
28、ating hospital charges（D）the complexity of hospital charges29 The example of Palmers client in the last paragraph indicates that _.（A）the technology applied in medical services is quite advanced（B） the client spent $ 45,330 on a prostate surgery（C） the improvement of technology may lead to the rise
29、of hospital charges（D）the surgery was conducted by robots only30 What is this passage mainly concerned with?（A）The problems in U. S. hospitals and medical centers.（B） Why a hospital bill costs what it costs.（C） How difficult it is for a patient to get medical services.（D）How the medical charges rise
30、 as technology advances.30 If you didnt know any better, you might mistake the Newark Earthworks in southern Ohio for the product of some giant celestial spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch. The Earthworks (or whats left of them) are actually a series of huge geometric mounds that anthropolo
31、gists believe were created two millennia ago by ancestors of Native Americans called the Hopewell people. The most significant feature still standing is known as the Octagon, which has 550-foot-long earthen walls and a footprint big enough to hold four Roman Colosseums. The structure is connected, v
32、ia two parallel embankments, to a perfect, 20-acre circle. Together the two shapes form a sophisticated astronomical observatoryscientists have discovered that the structure is precisely aligned with the 18.6-year lunar cycles northernmost moonrise. The residents of Newark will tell you that it is a
33、lso precisely aligned with the ninth fairway at the private Moundbuilders Country Club.The Earthworks are a National Historic Landmark, and they are under consideration for the UNESCO World Heritage list of cultural and natural wonders. But if you want to see themwell, youre too late. During the gol
34、f season, everyone but club members is kept out, except on four visiting days. Lets not condemn the duffers so fast. The club, which since 1910 has occupied the Octagon and covered all maintenance costs, is widely credited with preventing the place from being plowed under. The issue is how to accomm
35、odate nonmembers who want more access, especially for Native American ceremonial purposes.Most visitors end up seeing only a tiny part of the Octagon from a small observation deck. Or they can follow the asphalt cart path that winds past the swimming pool, an old tennis court, and a parking lot to r
36、each a chain-link fence through which, off in the distance, they can glimpse the loaf-shaped mound known as the Observatory. Several years ago the financially strapped Ohio Historical Society, which owns the Earthworks, extended the clubs lease until 2078. If the World Heritage site nomination goes
37、through, tourism would undoubtedly jump. That would certainly put more pressure on the club and historical society. One frequently suggested scenario is for the federal government to buy out the club and turn the Newark Earthworks into a national park.Some people simply refuse to be intimidated by m
38、en wearing spiky shoes and pastel shirts. Cherokee elder Barbara Crandell has climbed the Observatory to pray for more than two decadesbut not once, the octogenarian is proud to point out, when the golf course has dictated. She goes when her heart calls. A few years ago, after Crandell, with the aid
39、 of a cane, made her way to the top, club officials showed up and asked her to leave. When she refused, she was arrested and later convicted of trespassing. Friends passed the hat and paid off her $ 883 fine and court costs in Sacagawea dollar coins.31 According to the first paragraph, the Newark Ea
40、rthworks are _.（A）the product of some giant celestial spirit who went crazy with an Etch A Sketch（B） a series of huge geometric mounds that the Hopewell people created two millennia ago（C） the Octagon and a perfect 20-acre circle which it is connected to（D）the structure that is precisely aligned wit
41、h the 18.6-year lunar cycles northernmost moonrise32 The authors view about the golf club is that it _.（A）makes contributions to prevent the place from being plowed（B） should be blamed because the non-members are kept out of the Earthworks（C） should allow the non-members to see the place during the
42、golf season（D）should be bought out by the federal government and turned into a national park33 According to Paragraph 3, the following claims are correct EXCEPT that _.（A）most visitors can see only a tiny part of the Octagon（B） the loaf-shaped mound is far from the chain-link fence（C） it would put m
43、ore pressure on the club if the nomination goes through（D）the only way to protect the place is that the government buys out the club34 Why was the octogenarian Barbara Crandell arrested?（A）Because she refused to be intimidated by men wearing spiky shoes and pastel shirts.（B） Because she has climbed
44、the Observatory to pray for more than two decades.（C） Because she refused to leave the top of the Observatory when the club officials showed up.（D）Because she intimidated the club officials.35 It can be inferred from the passage that _.（A）the Octagon is four times bigger than Roman Colosseums（B） the
45、 Earthworks have got the nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage List（C） the club, instead of the Ohio Historical Society, owned the Earthworks several years ago（D）people who want more access to the Earthworks are always intimidated by the club officials35 Spring is here: flowers are in bloom, bird
46、song fills the air, and the inboxes of employers are clogged with desperate pleas for summer internships. College students and graduates are well aware of the impact a plummy placement could have their careers. With ever fewer entry level jobs in many industries, internships have become a critical f
47、irst step into employment. In America, three-quarters of students on a four-year university course will have toiled as an intern at least once before graduation. Up to half of these gimlet-eyed workers will have given their services free. Some may even have had to pay for the privilege of coming to
48、work.Unpaid internships seem to be an example of mutual utility: inexperienced youngsters learn something about a chosen field while employers get to farm out some menial work. The arrangement is consensual, and companies often use internships to test potential recruits. But the increasing popularit
49、y of these unpaid placements has caused some controversy lately. Nick Clegg, Britains deputy prime minister, recently launched a crusade to ban them, arguing that they favour the wealthy and privileged. Others complain that uncompensated internships flout labour standards, exploit nascent workers and surely depress wages for everyone else. In America, they tend to be illegal at for-profit companies, according to guidelines set o
