1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 32 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 A great many creatures have what are called warning colours, that is to say, the colouration warns every creature that the animal i
2、n question is dangerous. The skunk(臭鼬) is one of the best (1)_ of this, with his brilliant black and white fur. He walks (2)_ even in broad daylight and shows no (3)_ when he sees you. He heavily (4)_ his feet and puts his (5)_ up in the air, daring you not to come (6)_ closer. And if you dont take
3、(7)_ of the warning he will spray you with his evil-smelling (8)_, and no animal that has been (9)_ by a skunk will let it happen (10)_In the Reptile House at a zoo you will probably find a case (11)_ of small tree frogs. Now, a great (12)_ of creatures like to eat frogs, and so some frogs as a (13)
4、_ can ooze out a substance on their skin (14)_ makes them taste horrible. These frogs are generally banded (15)_ bright warning colours, like orange, red, yellow and bright green. This, of course, makes them (16)_ like brightly-coloured sweets, and rather good to (17)_ but the birds and animals in t
5、he forest have learnt (18)_ bitter experience that these frogs are the (19)_ that tastes the worst, and so they leave them (20)_.（A）creature（B） thing（C） example（D）warning（A）about（B） on（C） out（D）over（A）colour（B） danger（C） fear（D）sign（A）stamps（B） changes（C） beats（D）moves（A）head（B） feet（C） tail（D）nose（
6、A）still（B） even（C） much（D）any（A）care（B） chance（C） advice（D）notice（A）fluid（B） gas（C） oil（D）colour（A）caught（B） sprayed（C） warned（D）seen（A）more（B） soon（C） twice（D）too（A）full（B） Short（C） instead（D）typical（A）many（B） part（C） amount（D）number（A）whole（B） means（C） wish（D）protection（A）it（B） and（C） which（D）wher
7、e（A）with（B） by（C） as（D）in（A）feel（B） all（C） look（D）much（A）make（B） eat（C） see（D）look（A）at（B） with（C） in（D）of（A）sweets（B） food（C） substances（D）ones（A）ahead（B） about（C） alone（D）asidePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points
8、)20 In America and Europe magazine publishers have a common headache: total circulation is either flat or declining slightly as people devote more time to the internet, and an ever greater share of advertising spending is going online. Magazine units are mostly a drag on growth for their parents. Ti
9、me Inc, the world s biggest magazine company, has to fend off rum ours that its parent, Time Warner, will sell it. People in the industry expect that Time Warner will soon sell IPC Media, its British magazine subsidiary. The business model for consumer magazines is under pressure from several direct
10、ions at once, both online and off. Magazines have become more expensive to launch, and the cost of attracting and keeping new subscribers has risen. In America newsstand sales have been worryingly weak, partly because supermarkets dominate distribution and shelf-space is in short supply. The interne
11、ts popularity has hit mens titles the hardest. FHM, the flagship “lads“ magazine of Emapa British media firm, for instance, lost a quarter of its circulation in the year to June. Not long ago consumer magazines were Emaps prize asset, but slowing growth from the division contributed to the companys
12、decision to put itself up for sale. Mens magazines are in trouble in most developed-world markets as people have quickly switched from magazines to online services. There are good reasons why magazine owners should not feel pessimistic, however. For readers, many of the pleasing characteristics of m
13、agazinestheir portability and glossiness, for instance cannot be matched online. And magazines are not losing younger readers in the way that newspapers are. According to a study by the digital arm of Ogilvy Group, appetite for magazines is largely unchanged between older “baby boomers“ and young “m
14、illennials“. On the advertising side, magazines are faring much better than newspapers, which are losing big chunks of revenue as classified advertising shifts online. Advertisers like the fact that in many genres, such as fashion, readers accept and value magazine ads and even consider them part of
15、 the product. Unfortunately, magazine publishers have been slow to get onto the internet. “Eighteen months ago the internet was something they worried about after 4pm on Friday,“ says Peter Kreisky, a consultant to the media industry, “but now its at the heart of their business model. “ To their cre
16、dit, however, big magazine firms are doing far more than reproducing their print products online. They offer people useful, fun services onlineLagardere s Car and Driver website, for instance, offers virtual test drives, and Better Homes and Gardens online has a 3D planning tool to help people redes
17、ign their homes.21 In the first paragraph, the author mainly discusses_.（A）the effects of internet on the circulation of US and Europe magazines（B） the reason why parents dont subscribe to magazines（C） the problems American and European magazines face today（D）the consequences of peoples devotion to
18、online magazines22 Which of the following is true of magazines current situation?（A）Magazines face pressures from the Internet only.（B） Magazines need to spend more on the marketing.（C） Most readers of magazines are attracted to online services.（D）Newsstand in America plays a major role in magazine
19、sales.23 According to the text, magazine owners should not feel pessimistic in that_.（A）magazines are easier to carry（B） magazines are not losing young readers（C） magazines earn more from advertising than newspapers（D）magazines still have competitive features not found online24 When going onto the i
20、nternet, big magazines_.（A）have changed their business model completely（B） are making use of internet flexibly（C） are taking prompt actions（D）have turned their products into online version25 Which of the following best summarizes the text?（A）Magazines faced with various challenges.（B） Threats posed
21、by the internet to magazines.（C） Popularity lost with magazines.（D）New opportunities of magazines.25 In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of them also were attached to the hard parts and usually such attachments ar
22、e visible as depressed or elevated areas, ridges or grooves, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of the animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are those attached to the hard parts and possible to reconstruct from their atta
23、chments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged.Restoration of the external appearance of an extinct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could r
24、un, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, bec
25、ause the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.Animals in which the skeleton is internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and
26、 contours of the body are fixed by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really characteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presu
27、mably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse family are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, pos
28、sible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike. No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know
29、 that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric men drew pictures of them and that the hide and hair have actually been found in a few specimens. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.26 According to the passage, the soft part
30、 of fossilized animals（A）can always be accurately identified.（B） have usually left some traces.（C） can usually be reconstructed.（D）have always vanished without any trace. 27 The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be reconstructed because（A）they were preserved with the present relatives of
31、the animal.（B） they were lodged inside the animals skull.（C） they were hardened parts of the animals body.（D）they were attached to the animals skeleton. 28 A fossilized animals external appearance is still reconstructed to（A）satisfy popular curiosity.（B） answer scientific questions.（C） establish its
32、 activities.（D）determine its eating habits. 29 The word “equivocal” (Line 6, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to（A）equally important.（B） definable.（C） equally doubtful.（D）deliberate. 30 According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true?（A）A fossilized animals appearance is usually resto
33、red accurately.（B） It is difficult to restore some fossilized animals because they had no external parts.（C） The prehistoric elephants are hairless.（D）An extinct animal does not definitely looked like its living relatives. 30 Concrete is probably used more widely than any other substance except wate
34、r, yet it remains largely unappreciated. “Some people view the 20th century as the atomic age, the space age, the computer age but an argument can be made that it was the concrete age, “ says cement specialist Hendrik Van Oss. “Its a miracle material.“ Indeed, more than a ton of concrete is produced
35、 each year for every man, woman and child on Earth. Yet concrete is generally ignored outside the engineering world, a victim of its own ubiquity and the industrys conservative pace of development. Now, thanks to environmental pressures and entrepreneurial innovation, a new generation of concretes i
36、s emerging. This high-tech assortment of concrete confections promises to be stronger, lighter, and more environmentally friendly than ever before.Concrete is also a climate-change villain. It is made by mixing water with an aggregate, such as sand or gravel, and cement. Cement is usually made by he
37、ating limestone and clay to over 2, 500 degrees F. The resulting chemical reaction, along with fuel burned to heat the kiln, produces between 7% and 10% of global carbon-dioxide emissions. “When we have to repeatedly regenerate these materials because theyre not durable, we release more emissions, “
38、 says Victor Li who has created a kind of concrete suffused by synthetic fibers that make it stronger, more durable, and able to bend like a metal. Lis creation does not require reinforcement, a property shared by other concretes that use chemical additives. Using less water makes concrete stronger,
39、 but until the development of plasticizers, it also made concrete sticky, dry, and hard to handle, says Christian Meyer, a civil engineering professor at Columbia University.Making stronger concretes, says Li, allows less to be used, reducing waste and giving architects more freedom. “You can have s
40、uch futuristic designs if you dont have to put rebar in there, or structural beams, “ says Van Oss. A more directly “green“ concrete has been developed by the Australian company TecEco. They add magnesium to their cement, forming a porous concrete that actually scrubs carbon dioxide from the air.Whi
41、le experts agree that these new concretes will someday be widely used, the timetable is uncertain.Concrete companies are responsive to environmental concerns and are always looking to stretch the utility of their product, but the construction industry is slow to change. “When you start monkeying aro
42、und with materials, the governing bodies, the building departments, are very cautious before they let you use an unproven material,“ Meyer says. In the next few decades, says Van Oss, building codes will change, opening the way for innovative materials. But while new concretes may be stronger and mo
43、re durable, they are also more expensive and whether the tendency of developers and the public to focus on short-term rather than long-term costs will also change is another matter.31 By saying “it was the concrete age“(Line 3, Para. 1), Van Oss means that（A）the traditional building material concret
44、e is the only man-made miracle.（B） concrete is indispensable in the development of modern construction industry.（C） compared with other inventions, concrete is more practical and useful.（D）concrete, as a building material, can be mixed with any other materials.32 By saying “a victim of its own ubiqu
45、ity and the industrys conservative pace of development“(Line 5-6, Para. 1) , the author means that（A）concrete suffers from its widely application as well as the slow development of building industry.（B） concrete is not appreciated because of its dull color and other drawbacks, with little improvemen
46、t as a building material.（C） slow progress of building industry does harm to the application and popularity of concrete.（D）concrete is ignored because it is conventional with little advance in its technology.33 According to the text, concrete is also a “climate-change villain“ mainly because（A）sand
47、or gravel has to be used as an aggregate in the process of mixing.（B） the materials which are used to make concrete are not durable.（C） recycling of concrete is quite difficult when concrete breaks down.（D）chemical reaction in manufacturing cement emits carbon-dioxide world-wide.34 Which of the foll
48、owing is true about Lis new “green“ concrete?（A）The new concrete will greatly reduce the cost of production and construction.（B） Traditional concrete is stronger, lighter and climate-friendly compared with new concrete.（C） Traditional concrete grants more freedom in design and construction compared
49、with new concrete.（D）The new concrete requires no reinforcement in preparation.35 The last sentence of the text shows that（A）Van Oss has full confidence in the developers and the public in using new concrete.（B） Van Oss is pessimistic about the future development of greener concrete.（C） Van Oss is hostile to the attitudes of developers and the public.（D）Van Oss feels that people should be patient to wait for the change of the public attitude.36 Improving t
