1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 42 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Your eye is a window on the nerves and blood vessels, revealing vital information about your entire body. An (1)_ exam starts from
2、the outside and works in. First the ophthalmologist(眼科医生) gauges (2)_ with the familiar wall chart and checks visual field by moving objects in and out of (3)_. A limited visual field could be the (4)_ of the high inner eye pressure of glaucoma(青光眼)or (5)_ a tumor pressing on nerves leading from the
3、 eye. The physician also checks for infection around the lashes and notes how fast the lids follow the eyes downward. Lid lag sometimes (6)_ thyroid disease(甲状腺疾病).If one pupil contracts (7)_ the other doesnt, the physician is (8)_ to the fact that (9)_ a tumor or stroke, perhaps, has damaged the ne
4、rves between the eye and brain. A tumor as far away (10)_ the lung can cause capillary problems by hitting a nerve that loops through the neck.The white of the eye, tear ducts, lens and retina(视网膜) are checked for (11)_ of trouble. Too many white blood cells (12)_ inflammation, blood means tissue ha
5、s tom or a vessel has burst, and deposits of (13)_ material can mean eye disease. The orange-red retina holds many more (14)_ for disease detection. High blood pressure may announce its (15)_ by pushing the vessels off track at their intersections. (16)_ vessel growth is a sign of diabetic retinopat
6、hy(糖尿病性视网膜病). Narrowed vessels may indicate (17)_ of the arteries, and damage to tiny capillaries could be a sign of early diabetes.The doctor even examines the pin-head-size hole in the back of the optic nerve on their way to the brain. (18)_ the appearance of these nerve fibers is abnormal, nerve
7、tissue may have been damaged because of intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma or the presence of a tumor. When a physician needs quick, (19)_ information about the body, the eyes have (20)_.（A）entire（B） intact（C） eye（D）informative（A）temperature（B） health（C） field（D）vision（A）scope（B） limit（C） ran
8、ge（D）it（A）result（B） effect（C） indication（D）sequence（A）with（B） of（C） having（D）from（A）illustrates（B） illuminates（C） points（D）indicates（A）but（B） when（C） or（D）as（A）alarmed（B） warned（C） alerted（D）convinced（A）anything（B） everything（C） factor（D）something（A）in（B） as（C） to（D）till（A）signs（B） signals（C） gestur
9、es（D）symbols（A）effect（B） infer（C） signify（D）cause（A）exotic（B） foreign（C） fancy（D）strange（A）information（B） phenomenon（C） materials（D）clues（A）presence（B） arrival（C） news（D）right（A）wholesome（B） versatile（C） abnormal（D）unlawful（A）velocity（B） hardening（C） solidifying（D）despair（A）That（B） How（C） If（D）But（A
10、）reliable（B） trustworthy（C） dependent（D）grand（A）them（B） too（C） many（D）itPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The
11、 airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines third-party terror and war liabilities to $50m per airline, per “event“. Under pressure
12、 from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month.The American government has already agreed to
13、 extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EUs transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and reinsurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have
14、inevitably increased considerably.However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance indus
15、try. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September 11th. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would
16、be more than the market could cope with.In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual
17、 fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack.In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name “Equitime“, representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance veh
18、icle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the funds excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew.Setting something up will take time. So, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines war and t
19、errorist risk for some time to come.21 By “terrorist risk became the pariah of perils“ (Paragraph 1), the author means（A）insurance companies increased premiums.（B） airlines seek to avoid legal liabilities.（C） terrorist attacks left insurers panicked.（D）terrorist risk is unlikely to be insured.22 Acc
20、ording to the text, now it is beyond the ability of commercial insurance market（A）to win the support from governments.（B） to cancel provision for airline insurance.（C） to cope with overwhelming disasters.（D）to rule out third-party terrorist risks.23 The word “vehicle“ (Para. 5) denotes（A）vulnerabili
21、ty.（B） capability.（C） liability.（D）availability.24 The writer argues that in the foreseeable future the insurer of last resort for airlines terrorist risk will be（A）insurance companies.（B） governments guarantees.（C） airlines themselves.（D）mutual fund schemes.25 It can be concluded from the text that
22、 airlines war and terrorist risk（A）should be attended to cautiously.（B） should be left with the government alone.（C） should be accepted reluctantly.（D）should be left up to insurance companies.26 European farm ministers have ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents ge
23、nuine reform of the common agricultural policy(CAP). Will it be enough to kickstart the Doha world trade negotiations?On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be brokenthe idea is to
24、replace these with a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butter, are to be cutthat should mean European prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting the link between subsidy and production was
25、 the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr. Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations.The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidises European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that
26、largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in November 2001. Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to
27、 demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed because of the EUs intransigence, and the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by September, when the worlds trade ministers meet in Cancun, Mexico.But now even th
28、e French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of measures gives the green light for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes within their own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and oth
29、er reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the reforms might not apply where there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultivation.These let-outs are potentially damaging for Europes negotiators in the Doha r
30、ound. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, keep European expenditure on farm support unacceptably high by world standards. More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new pack
31、age will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim. Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm the sceptics fears.26 The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in that _.（A）European farm ministers finally reached a consensus（B） the link between farm produc
32、ts and subsidies is removed（C） farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to them（D）European farm products will reach a lower price level than the world27 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（A）farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAP（B） the deal will be a
33、 key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talks（C） the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countries（D）the worlds trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently28 In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations?（A）Farmers lose their interest in farmi
34、ng.（B） Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years.（C） Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly.（D）The measures damage the reformers confidence.29 The new package of measures is inevitably a complicated one due to _.（A）Europes negotiators loss of confidence（B） European expenditure on farm
35、support（C） escape clauses for some European countries（D）suspicion of the new package30 What is the passage mainly about?（A）A promising new deal.（B） Doha world trade negotiations.（C） Worlds anger against Europe.（D）Doomed reforms of CAP.31 Car makers have long used sex to sell their products. Recently
36、, however, both BMW and Renault have based their latest European marketing campaigns around the icon of modern biology.BMWs campaign, which launches its new 3-series sports saloon in Britain and Ireland, shows the new creation and four of its earlier versions zigzagging around a landscape made up of
37、 giant DNA sequences, with a brief explanation that DNA is the molecule responsible for the inheritance of such features as strength, power and intelligence. The Renault offering, which promotes its existing Laguna model, employs evolutionary theory even more explicitly. The companys television comm
38、ercials intersperse clips of the car with scenes from a lecture by Steve Jones, a professor of genetics at University of London.BMWs campaign is intended to convey the idea of development allied to heritage. The latest product, in other words, should be viewed as the new and improved scion of a long
39、 line of good cars. Renaults message is more subtle. It is that evolution works by gradual improvements rather than sudden leaps (in this, Renault is aligning itself with biological orthodoxy). So, although the new car in the advertisement may look like the old one, the external form conceals a numb
40、er of significant changes to the engine. While these alterations are almost invisible to the average driver, Renault hopes they will improve the cars performance, and ultimately its survival in the marketplace.Whether they actually do so will depend, in part, on whether marketers have read the publi
41、c mood correctly. For, even if genetics really does offer a useful metaphor for automobiles, employing it in advertising is not without its dangers. That is because DNAs public image is ambiguous. In one context, people may see it as the cornerstone of modern medical progress. In another, it will br
42、ing to mind such controversial issues as abortion, genetically modified foodstuffs, and the sinister subject of eugenics.Car makers are probably standing on safer ground than biologists. But even they call make mistakes. Though it would not be obvious to the casual observer, some of the DNA which fe
43、atures in BMWs ads for its nice, new car once belonged to a woolly mammotha beast that has been extinct for 10,000 years. Not, presumably, quite the message that the marketing department was trying to convey.31 The campaign staged by both BMW and Renault are to market（A）cars based on the old ones.（B
44、） cars modeled on DNA technology.（C） cars produced with most advanced technology.（D）cars face-lifted only but little genuinely changed.32 The difference between BMWs and Renaults campaign is that（A）BMWs emphasizes technological revolution more explicitly.（B） Renaults proves to be more successful.（C）
45、 Renaults provides more delicate messages than BMWs.（D）BMWs employs the metaphor of DNA while Renaults doesnt.33 It can be inferred that biological orthodoxy favors（A）no change.（B） step-by-step change.（C） all-of-a-sudden change.（D）radical change.34 According to the author, the success of the campaig
46、ns may depend on（A）perceived product quality.（B） public perceptions of DNA.（C） efforts made by the organizers.（D）explicitness in explaining DNA to buyers.35 The author thinks that unfortunately BMWs campaign has conveyed the idea of（A）poverty,（B） extinction.（C） revolution.（D）evolution.36 Some oil co
47、mpanies plan to get rid of some of the pollution they produce by pumping it into rocks deep inside the Earth, where they say it will stay for thousands of years. Other people, though, arent so sure this is advisable; environmental groups say that putting this pollution back into the Earth is a bad i
48、dea.When oil burns, It doesnt just produce heat: it also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a natural part of the air, but because people bum so much oil, theres too much carbon dioxide in the air. This extra carbon dioxide is pollution; some scientific studies show that carbon dioxide is on
49、e of the“ greenhouse gases“ that is causing the Earths temperature to rise.Environmentalists say that the oil companies plans may not work. The oil companies say they are making sure that the gas will never escape, but environmentalists wonder how the oil companies can be so sure that the gas wont seep into the air. They also point out that theres no way to check to make sure the gas isnt leaking. In addition, the environmentalists point out th
