1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 132 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful【C1】_is spreading through their pop
2、ulations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is【C2】_. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 【C3】_ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, 【C4】 _ever-increas
3、ing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 【C5】 _ wire umbilici.It is tempting to【C6】_a “strategy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.【C7】_, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】_experimented with by many product designers. This m
4、akes it all the more powerful.Tech【C9】_occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10】_cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】_with a food pellet fo
5、r solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails.“Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】_look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorseme
6、nt【C13 】_an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile 【C14】_ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been【C15】_by an invasive pseudo-or
7、ganism would believe.【C16 】_, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】_sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can【C18】_the Financial
8、 Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】_, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】_to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.1 【C1 】（A）phenomenon（B） epidemic（C） issue（D）ev
9、ent2 【C2 】（A）striking（B） obscure（C） interesting（D）mysterious3 【C3 】（A）relying（B） choosing（C） grabbing（D）using4 【C4 】（A）taking over（B） feeding on（C） catching up（D）allowing for5 【C5 】（A）with（B） over（C） to（D）via6 【C6 】（A）point（B） turn（C） attribute（D）prefer7 【C7 】（A）Instead（B） Moreover（C） Therefore（D）Ot
10、herwise8 【C8 】（A）which（B） as（C） that（D）where9 【C9 】（A）progress（B） term（C） crisis（D）addiction10 【C10 】（A）dangerous（B） special（C） large（D）funny11 【C11 】（A）rewarded（B） resisted（C） resumed（D）reversed12 【C12 】（A）anxiously（B） occasionally（C） happily（D）endlessly13 【C13 】（A）within（B） from（C） about（D）through
11、14 【C14 】（A）support（B） approve（C） argue（D）insist15 【C15 】（A）formed（B） seperated（C） classified（D）modified16 【C16 】（A）Surprisingly（B） Importantly（C） Fortunately（D）Regrettably17 【C17 】（A）compensate（B） help（C） comfort（D）improve18 【C18 】（A）share（B） obtain（C） subscribe（D）observe19 【C19 】（A）part（B） sense（C
12、） level（D）way20 【C20 】（A）adaptive（B） careful（C） similar（D）captivePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. Sendi
13、ng out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews in the endif youre lucky! and if youre very lucky, eventually theres a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way?It depends on whether you are a “maximizer“ or a “satisficer“. Maximizers wa
14、nt to explore every possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of information in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand.Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short
15、 and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 548 members of the Class of 2002 by Sheena Iyengar, Ra
16、chael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned ou
17、t to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got.Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble i
18、s, however, that higher pay doesnt make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted.Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesnt buy more happiness,
19、as the maximizers likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but theyre so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.21 What is i
20、mplied in the first two paragraphs?（A）Graduates arent well-prepared for jobs when freshing out of colleges.（B） Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky.（C） Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the table.（D）Satisficers wait for something better based on information
21、 at hand.22 According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true?（A）Maximizers can get something of value from outside information.（B） Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.（C） Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.（D）The research showed that satisf
22、icers were more likely to make use of all the information.23 The word “contortions“(Para. 3)most probably refers to_.（A）choices（B） occupations（C） opportunities（D）distortions24 The passage conveys that higher pay_.（A）brings less happiness to maximizers than to satisficers（B） encourages maximizers see
23、k perfection（C） makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better job offer（D）helps maximizers develop a sense of self-worth25 Which might be the appropriate title of this passage?（A）Higher Pay: Be Happier or Unhappy（B） First Offer: Take It or Keep Waiting（C） Sources of Information: Outside or at Ha
24、nd（D）Position Yourself: A Maximizer or a Satisficer25 Yawning can be a problem at the office for Lindsay Eierman, which makes her embarrassed. “Ive explained, Im sorry, I didnt get much sleep last night,“ says Ms Eierman, a 26-year-old social worker from Durham, North Carolina. But a lack of sleep m
25、ay not be the problem.Researchers are starting to unravel the mystery surrounding the yawn, one of the most common and often embarrassing behaviours. Yawning, they have discovered, is much more complicated than previously thought. Although all yawns look the same, they appear to have many different
26、causes and to serve a variety of functions.Yawning is believed to be a means to keep our brains alert in times of stress. Contagious yawning appears to have evolved in many animal species as a way to protect family and friends, by keeping everyone in the group vigilant. Changes in brain chemistry tr
27、igger yawns, which typically last about six seconds and often occur in clusters.To unravel the mystery of yawning, scientists built upon early, observed clues. Yawning tends to occur more in summer. Most people yawn upon seeing someone else do it, but infants and people with autism or schizophrenia
28、arent so affected by this contagion effect. And certain people yawn at surprising times, like parachutists who are about to jump out of a plane or Olympic athletes getting ready to compete.A leading hypothesis is that yawning plays an important role in keeping the brain at its cool, optimal working
29、temperature. The brain is particularly sensitive to overheating, according to Andrew Gallup, an assistant professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Oneonta. Reaction times slow and memory wanes when the brain s temperature varies even less than a degree from the ideal 98.6 degre
30、es Fahrenheit.There are some practical applications. Dr. Gallup said managers might want to keep in mind the brain-cooling role of yawning when a meeting is long and boring. “One way to diminish yawning frequency in an office would be to keep it air-conditioned. If its very cold in the room, yawning
31、 rates are going to be quite low,“ Dr. Gallup said.26 Lindsay Eierman says she didnt sleep well last night because_.（A）yawning is her problem（B） her colleague doesn t forgive her（C） she feels very sorry for yawning at the office（D）she regards sleep deprivation as the reason of yawning27 According to
32、 Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true about yawning?（A）It always happens in groups（B） It makes people relax under pressure（C） It is caused by changes in brain chemistry（D）It usually lasts approximately six seconds28 The word “contagion“(Para. 4)most probably means_.（A）spreading（B） learnin
33、g（C） protection（D）imitation29 According to Dr. Gallup, people in a meeting may yawn when_.（A）the meeting room is overheated（B） other people around them yawn（C） a meeting is brief and interesting（D）the air-conditioner temperature is lowered30 The passage mainly discusses_.（A）the rates of yawning（B） t
34、he misconceptions of yawning（C） the secrets of yawning（D）the applications of yawning30 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and sub
35、stituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a
36、resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indee
37、d, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism
38、 may produce a different stifle of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city
39、dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out f
40、or young trouble makers. Moreover, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also mor
41、e likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything
42、 considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.31 Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?（A）Two contrasting views are presented.（B） An argument is examined and possible solutions given.（C） Research result
43、s concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.（D）A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.32 According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents_.（A）did not have the same interests as their neighbors（B） could n
44、ot develop long-standing relationships（C） tended to be associated with bad behavior（D）usually had more friends33 One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_.（A）disrupt people s natural relations（B） make them worry about crime（C） cause them not to show conc
45、ern for one another（D）cause them to the suspicious of each other34 It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is_.（A）the better its quality of life（B） the more similar its interests（C） the more tolerant and open-minded it is（D）the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms
46、 of stress35 What is the passage mainly about?（A）Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers.（B） Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns（C） The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.（D）The strong feeling of al
47、ienation of city inhabitants.35 There were some consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the younger children ages 6 to 11being read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent reading; for the older childrenages 12 to 17one of the largest predictors
48、was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day.The finding about reading aloud to children long after toddlerhood may come as a surprise to some parents who read books to children at bedtime when they were very young but then tapered off. Last summer, the American Academy of Pe
49、diatrics announced a new policy recommending that all parents read to their children from birth.“A lot of parents assume that once kids begin to read independently, that now that is the best thing for them to do,“ said Maggie McGuire, the vice president for a website for parents operated by Scholastic. But reading aloud through elementary school seemed to be connected to a love of reading generally. According to the
