1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 26 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Devil, V8, Anal, Christ; these are among the baby names【C1】_by New Zealands department of internal affairs, who recently【C2】_a【C3】_
2、list of those disallowed by registrars in the past ten years.Few decisions are more【C4】_than the naming of offspring. Yet laws【 C5】_the choice of both first names and surnames are not【C6 】_around the world. Denmark expects new parents to choose from a register of acceptable names; Portugal lists ban
3、ned and approved ones. German registrars prohibit the use of most nouns and place-names, and also frown【C7】_any that do not clearly imply a gender: bad luck, Kim.Governments argue that these rules prevent children being【C8】_with absurd names that may cause them problems in later life. They also aim
4、to block names that might cause【C9】_to others. In 2009 a couple in New Jersey lost custody of a boy they had named Adolf Hitler.【C10 】_concerns play a role, too. Government databases may struggle with long names: New Zealand allows 100 characters for all first names; the state of Massachusetts has a
5、【C11】_of 40 for each. Chinese face a particular difficulty: their language has tens of thousands of characters, but a name that uses【C12】_or rare ones can mean computer problems.Whether these decisions make any difference is another matter. A study in 2002 suggested that individuals may be influence
6、d by their first names, without even being【C13】_of it. A disproportionate number of girls named Georgia live in the American state that【C14】_their name; boys named Dennis may be slightly【C15】_likely to become dentists than those called Walter (and Georges seem to have a【C16】_for geology). Academics
7、with surnames in the【C17】_half of alphabet are more likely to get good university jobs (the authors of papers are listed alphabetically). Ballot papers that list politicians names that way also show a【C18】_effect.But reinvention beckons. Britains chancellor was born Gideon Osborne; aged 13, he becam
8、e George. The UK Deed Poll Service, a legal firm, in 2011 helped 60,000 Britons rename themselves (fees start at 33, around $50); it was only 5,000 a decade before. American courts report similar trends. Some such applicants may wish to【C19 】_their parents expectations, while others may regret they
9、were not given a more【C20】_name.1 【C1 】（A）registered（B） rejected（C） advocated（D）stressed2 【C2 】（A）announced（B） released（C） claimed（D）emitted3 【C3 】（A）comprehensive（B） composite（C） compressive（D）compulsory4 【C4 】（A）individual（B） specific（C） personal（D）humane5 【C5 】（A）rectifying（B） adjusting（C） regula
10、ting（D）amending6 【C6 】（A）common（B） uncommon（C） universal（D）commonplace7 【C7 】（A）with（B） of（C） over（D）upon8 【C8 】（A）imitated（B） intimidated（C） burdened（D）laughed9 【C9 】（A）inconvenience（B） insult（C） panic（D）offence10 【C10 】（A）Ethical（B） Philosophical（C） Scientific（D）Technological11 【C11 】（A）restraint（
11、B） constraint（C） limit（D）confinement12 【C12 】（A）alternative（B） acquainted（C） archaic（D）ambiguous13 【C13 】（A）conscientious（B） reminded（C） conscious（D）noticed14 【C14 】（A）allows（B） shares（C） grants（D）identifies15 【C15 】（A）less（B） much（C） more（D）even16 【C16 】（A）indication（B） inclination（C） information（D
12、）intelligence17 【C17 】（A）former（B） upper（C） latter（D）lower18 【C18 】（A）same（B） positive（C） negative（D）similar19 【C19 】（A）live up to（B） break away from（C） fall short of（D）go contrary to20 【C20 】（A）memorial（B） monumental（C） memorable（D）mortalPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the q
13、uestions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Young mums shopping in the Copley Mall in downtown Boston last month found themselves being questioned about their use of soap by students from Harvard Business School (HBS). The students were not doing odd jobs to earn beer money. The
14、y were preparing to help a firm in Brazil launch anFieldworki. e. , going out and talking to peopleis a big change for HBS. Its students used to sit in a classroom and discuss case studies written by professors. Now they may also work in a developing country and launch a start-up. “Learning by doing
15、“ will become the norm, if a radical overhaul of the MBA curriculum succeeds.Nitin Nohria, who became dean of HBS in July 2010, has long lamented the failure of business schools to fulfill their mission of turning management into a profession similar to law or medicine. Asked what should be expected
16、 from someone with an MBA, he replies that “obviously, they should master a body of knowledge. But we should also expect them to apply that knowledge with some measure of judgment. “ MBA students have long been sent on summer internships with prospective employers, but HBS, like most business school
17、s, did little else to help them with the practical application of management studies.The new field practice will include three elements. First, team-building exercises. Students take turns to lead a group engaged in a project such as designing an “eco-friendly sculpture“. They learn to collaborate a
18、nd to give and take feedback.Second, students will be sent to work for a week with one of more than 140 firms in 11 countries. Already the new intakes have had conference calls with these companies, ranging from the Brazilian soapmaker to a Chinese property firm.In the third novel part of the course
19、, students will be given eight weeks, and seed money of $ 3,000 each, to launch a small company. The most successful, as voted by their fellow students, will get more funding. It remains to be seen if this amounts to much more than a business-plan competition, though Mr. Nohria says he hopes some re
20、al businesses will be created.In January, the vote in favor of trying the field method had been held among HBS professors, and the result is “as enthusiastic as you could get from a faculty,“ says Mr. Nohria, wryly. The experiment does not come cheap, adding 10-15% to the courses cost, which HBS wil
21、l bear while it figures out what works. Besides, it is unclear how much the one-week working assignments will achieve. Pankaj Ghemawat, a management guru, says “the literature suggests that an immersion experience needs to be at least 2-3 weeks and be backed up with time in the classroom. “ The HBS
22、students classroom preparation will have to be pretty thorough, then, to make up for the brevity of their field trips.21 Students mentioned in Paragraph 1 are_.（A）doing part-time job to earn some pocket money（B） conducting a survey on Americans hygienic habit（C） promoting a new product for a Brazil
23、company（D）involved in a filed work experimented by HBS22 In the past, the teaching objective of HBS is mainly fulfilled by_.（A）sending students to conduct a variety of fieldwork（B） encouraging students to take internships in big companies（C） engaging students in the discussion and study of business
24、cases（D）lecturing on important business definitions, theories and principles23 The intention of Nitin Nohria to launch the new curriculum is to_.（A）help students to obtain internship opportunities from prospective employers（B） provide students with systematic guidance on the application of managemen
25、t learning（C） manage the business school in the same way that the law or medicine school is operated（D）help students to accumulate experiences necessary for starting their own business24 Which of the following statements is true about the new initiative proposed by Mr. Nohria?（A）It can help to devel
26、op students team-work spirit and leadership quality.（B） Students can take part in the decision-making process of a company via teleconference.（C） A business-plan competition will be held in the final stage of fieldwork.（D）The students with best performance in fieldwork will be awarded a sum of money
27、.25 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the HBS facultymembers are_launching the field method.（A）unanimous in（B） skeptical about（C） enthusiastic about（D）determined in25 The Republican presidential candidateRick Santorum recently set off a debate when he attacked Americas colleges as “ind
28、octrination mills“ from which Americans should keep their distance. Calling President Obama a “ snob“ for urging all Americans to go to college, he joined a long tradition that runs from Andrew Carnegie, who more than a century ago described colleges as places that prepare students for “life upon an
29、other planet,“ to Newt Gingrich, who has claimed that alumni donations are often used “to subsidize bizarre and destructive visions of reality. “Mr. Santorums remarks have been widely, and justly,rebutted. Yet defenders of college should do more than respond to its critics with contempt. We should s
30、eize the opportunity for introspection. Why does the anti-college mantra still touch a nerve among so many Americans?Consider the fact that SAT scores (a big factor in college admissions) correlate closely with family wealth. The total average SAT score of students from families earning more than $
31、100,000 per year is more than 100 points higher than for students in the income range of $ 50,000 to $ 60,000. Or consider that a mere 3 percent of students in the top 150 colleges come from families in the bottom income quartile of American society. Only a very dogmatic Social Darwinist would concl
32、ude from these facts that intelligence closely tracks how much money ones parents make. A better explanation is that students from affluent families have many advantagestest-prep tutors, high schools with good college counseling, parents with college savvy and so on.Yet once the beneficiaries arrive
33、 at college, what do they learn about themselves? Its a good bet that the dean or president will greet them with congratulations for being the best and brightest ever to walk through the gates. A few years ago, the critic and essayist William Deresiewicz, who went to Columbia and taught at Yale, wro
34、te that his Ivy education taught him to believe that those who didnt attend “ an Ivy League or equivalent school“ were “ beneath“ him.Our oldest and most prestigious colleges are losing touch with the spirit in which they were founded. To the stringent Protestants who founded Harvard, Yale and Princ
35、eton, the mark of salvation was not high self-esteem but humbling awareness of ones lowliness in the eyes of God. With such awareness came the recognition that those whom God favors are granted grace not for any worthiness of their own, but by Gods umnerited mercyas a gift to be converted into worki
36、ng and living on behalf of others. That lesson should always be part of the curriculum.Benjamin Franklin, who founded theUniversity of Pennsylvania, once defined true education as “an Inclination joind with an Ability to serve Mankind, ones Country, Friends, and Family; which Ability. should indeed
37、be the great Aim and End of all Learning. “ We would be well served to keep this public-spirited conception of learning squarely in mind.Perhaps if our leading colleges encouraged more humility and less hubris, college-bashing would go out of style and we could get on with the urgent business of pro
38、viding the best education for as many Americans as possible.26 In this text, the author mainly discusses the problem of_.（A）elitism in best American colleges（B） anti-intellectualism prevalent in America（C） alumni preference in college admission（D）anti-college tendency in America27 The conclusion tha
39、t can be drawn from Paragraph 3 is that_.（A）family wealth is a factor that weighs when referees are screening admission application（B） students from wealth families stand a better chance to be admitted by best colleges（C） the intelligence of students is directly correlated with the economic backgrou
40、nd of his family（D）colleges fail to do a good job in removing barriers between different social groups28 William Deresiewiczs personal experience reflects that_.（A）the Ivy League colleges are not as good as they look like（B） the Ivy League culture encourages the sense of superiority among students（C
41、） the smugness of students in Ivy League culture may influence their whole life（D）the education in Ivy League is usually detached from the society29 In the eyes of Benjamin Franklin, a true education is one that_.（A）cultivates humility rather than self-satisfaction（B） develops the ability to change
42、ones fate（C） fulfills the commitment to serving mankind（D）brings ones potential into full play30 The authors attitude toward Santorums outcry is_.（A）reserved consent（B） slight contempt（C） harsh criticism（D）full support30 In my experience, the more people have, the less likely they are to be contente
43、d. Indeed, there is abundant evidence that depression is a “ disease of affluence,“ a disorder of modern life in the industrialized world. People who live in poorer countries have a lower risk of depression than those in industrialized nations. In general, countries with lifestyles that are furthest
44、 removed from modern standards have the lowest rates of depression.Within the U. S. , the rate of depression of members of the Old Order Amisha religious group that shuns modernity in favor of lifestyles roughly imitating those of rural Americans a century agois as low as one 10th that of other Amer
45、icans. Psychologist Martin Seligman, originator of the field of positive psychology and director of the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania, has studied the Old Order Amish, along with other pre-modern cultures. He concludes: “Putting this together, there seems to be somethi
46、ng about modern life that creates fertile soil for depression. “Another prominent researcher, Stephen Ilardi, professor of psychology at the University of Kansas and author of The Depression Cure, observes, “The more modern a societys way of life, the higher its rate of depression. It may seem baffl
47、ing, but the explanation is simple: the human body was never designed for the modern postindustrial environment. “More and more of us spend most of our time indoors. We eat industrial food much altered from its natural sources, and there is reason for concern about how our changed eating habits are
48、affecting our brain activity and our moods. We are deluged by an unprecedented overload of information and stimulation in this age of the Internet, email, mobile phones, and multimedia, all of which favor social isolation and certainly affect our emotional and physical health. This kind of life simp
49、ly was not an option throughout most of human history, as there was no infrastructure to support it, much less require it.Human beings evolved to thrive in natural environments and in bonded social groups. Few of us today can enjoy such a life and the emotional equilibrium it engenders, but our genetic predisposition for it has not changed. The term “ nature-deficit disorder“ has recently entered the popular
