1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 47 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Magic of SoundMusic is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function: it no
2、t only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful?Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit, even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health. A strong blast of high soun
3、d can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 41The noise from a planes engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 42 It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart di
4、sease or altered brain waves.In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people cant hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20, 000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 43 It do
5、es no harm to health.Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 44 As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of peoples internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, peoples vision may weaken and internal org
6、ans may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low, it wont damage internal organs or a persons health. 45 When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only ty
7、phoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.A. High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.B. The vibration of-air can produce infrasonic w
8、aves.C. We cannot play high-pitched music with ordinary musical instruments.D. If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful.E. Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency soundF. Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your hea
9、lth.5 Dung to DeathFields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs“
10、.The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. 41Some 20, 000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the U.S. each year. More than half are give to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 42Most researchers assumed th
11、at humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. _43_With millions of tons of animals manure s
12、pread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 44Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 45 His analysis f
13、ound that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environme
14、nt. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C. Animal antibiotics is still an ar
15、ea to which insufficient attention has been paid.D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E. His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of few countries t
16、o have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.10 Time in the Animal WorldRhythm controls everything in Nature. 41The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Ne
17、arly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. 42 When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force cau
18、ses the second tide of the day.Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs at the seaside in a set way. To avoid predator fish, the eggs are alw
19、ays far from sea water and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. 43Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same ave
20、rage total number of heartbeats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats throughout their life. The African elep
21、hant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. 44As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. 45 For a child, a w
22、eek is seen as a long time.A. For an adult, time goes fast year by year.B. It controls, for example, the flapping of birds wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.C. The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.D. The tide goes
23、out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker.E. We always tend to think all the animals have the same sense of time as human beings.F. The second spring tide takes them back to the sea.15 Watching Microcurrents FlowWe can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circui
24、ts. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric currents flow through objects, physicists have managed_41_. The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes.Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brow
25、n University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and 42Their sensor is adapted from an existing piece of technology that is used to measure large magnetic fields in computer hard drives. “We redesigned the magnetic sensor
26、to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields, “ says Xiao.The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes, even when the wire is buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features as small as 40 nanometres across.At present, engineers lookin
27、g for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles 43 But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electromigration-where a dense area of curre
28、nt picks up surrounding atoms and moves them along. “It is like watching a river flow, “ explains Xiao.As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conducting electricity. For example, it could look directly at microscopic cr
29、acks in an aeroplanes fuselage, 44 The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiao doesnt rule it out in the future. “I can never say never, “ he says.Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the mi
30、croscope public, it is already on sale, from electronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working 45A. to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scann
31、ing time to 30 secondsB. to making chips any smallerC. to take tiny chips we requireD. to picture the progress of the currentsE. converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each pointF. faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample
32、20 Heat Is KillerExtremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problemseven death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. 41 _ Experts say heat
33、 may be natures deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. 42 Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much
34、 from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.43 Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. A
35、nd learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat. 44 The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not
36、return to physical activity for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. 45 Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure , poor blood flow, nervousness or depression.A.
37、 Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system.B. Several of these conditions are present at the same time.C. Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.D. Several hot days are considered a heat wave.E. So does extreme heat.
38、F. Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 47 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本段要说明，音量超过 80 分贝，即使是美妙的音乐，对人体也有害。“
39、空 41”前面的句子说：一阵高分贝的强烈的冲击波能使一块铁板扭曲和破裂。“空 41”的句子应该与高分贝的声音的危害性有关。选项 A 的“High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat”是高分贝声音的危害性的又一个例子。从 “空 41”位置上隐去的句子必是此句。A 是答案。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 “空 42”前面的句子说，长笛发出的声音强度最多只有几个分贝。选项 F 提到乐器，和“空 42”前面的句子的长笛有联系。再看内容， F 的句子是对上一句意思的概括。F 是答案。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 E【试题解析
40、】 “空 43”前的句子说超过 2 万赫兹的声音称为超声波。“空 43”后的句子说超声波对人体无害。位于这两个句子之间的“空 43”的内容应该与超声波有关。选项 E 说海豚、鲸鱼和蝙蝠能发出这种高频率的声音。从内容上看，选项 E与上下文意思连贯，因此是答案。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 “空 44”前面的两个句子是“Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic wavesWhen we move ，the air will vibrate”，主题是 infrasonic waves。选项 B(“The vibration of ai
41、r Can produce infrasonic waves”)的句子中，有 vibration，air 和 infrasonic waves，它们与上述两句子的用词重复，说明内容联系十分紧密，而且意思连贯，所以，B 是答案。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 “空 45”前面的句子说：如果次声波的强度低，不会伤害人的内部器官或影响人的健康。与上述意思有联系的句子出现在选项 D。选项 D 说：如果次声波的强度超过 160 分贝，就极为有害。两个句子连在一起，构成一个完整的论述。所以，D 是答案。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本句中包含 h
42、e 这个代词，故上文中必定有它的先行词，his findings 又表明此人应该是从事科研工作的，句中又提到 Switzerland，考虑这种种因素填入 E 是正确的。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 前两句讲的是抗生素在欧洲和美国的大量使用，D 项讲的是由此导致的不良后果，接上去是最合理不过的。But 明确地表明了这一转折。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 选项 B 中有两处提示，一是本句结尾处的 he says，说明上文中必提到一个被引用的人，二是句首的 And，这个词表明，这句的内容可能是前一句的延续。前一句引的 S Mueller 说的话，讲到在肥料
43、巾滞留的药物比肉类产品中的多得多。这句话则继续引用 Mueller 的话，进一步说肥料中对抗生素有抗药性的病菌含量特别高。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 选项 F 中的 also 一词说明前面应讲到过类似的内容。这句讲的是这些药物可能从施过肥料的农田下面的岩石沥滤到自来水里去；前面一句讲的是受到这些药物污染的谷物被人食用，这两句讲的都是这些药物如何对人类造成威胁。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 选项 A 中的主语 They 提示我们应该寻找一个复数的先行词，根据句子的意思：既不衰减又不溶于水，这个 they 指的不是人而是物，我们在上一句里找到 sul
44、phonamides 这个复数形式的名词，从意思 E 看也正合适。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 “空 41”前面的句子“Rhythm controls everything in Nature”是主题句。“空 41”的句子应该是陈述主题句的细节。选项 B 的“It controls，for example，the flapping Of birdswings，the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun”是主题句的例解。controls 是两个句子的词汇连接手段，两个句子的
45、内容也连贯。所以 B 是答案。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 “空 42”前面两句说，月亮对大海施加力量和影响，其地心吸力造成涨潮。“空 42”后的句子涉及第二次涨潮。可以推断，位于这两个句子之间的“空42”的内容应该与大海和潮汐有关。选项 D 说的是退潮。因此是答案。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 第三段说到生长在潮汐地区的动物具有预测潮汐的本能。然后举king crab 为例。鲎远离海岸产卵，并将之埋在沙下，防止食肉鱼吞食。到第二次春潮来临时，小鲎已破壳而出。“空 43”应该填什么呢?选项 F 出现 second spring，这是与上一句联系的
46、信号。再看内容，它是上一句意思的自然发展。所以，F 是答案。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 第四段说到哺乳动物不管寿命长短、体形大小，其一生心跳总次数大致相同。作者举体形大、寿命长的大象和体形小、寿命短的 shrew(鼯鼱)为例说明。本段的倒数第二句是结论：The size of the body determines the speed of life。“ 空 44”应该填什么呢 ?估计应该与上述结论有关。选项 C 的“The larger the animal is，the longer its life span is and the slower its life
47、 tempo is”是对上一句的结论的细化说明。所以，C 是答案。【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 第五段说到随着年龄的增长，生理变化会影响人的时问感。“空 45”前面一句说到老人，“空 45”后面一句说到小孩。由此可以判断，“空 45”的内容会涉及另一个年龄段。选项 A 说了一个成年段。所以， A 是答案。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 manage to+v是“设法做成”的意思。 picture 在此是动词，“to picture the progress of the currents”意为“绘出电流运行图 ”。【知识模块】 阅
48、读17 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 by 在句中引导两个在句法结构上并列的分词短语：一个是measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object，另一个是 converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point。convert into的意思是“把 转变为”。【知识模块】 阅读18 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 “obstacle to+名词性成分”的意思是“的障碍”。【知识模块】 阅读19 【正确答
49、案】 F【试题解析】 faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote 和 bacteria in a water sample 与前文中的 microscopic cracks in an aeroplanes fuselage 在意思上是并列的关系。【知识模块】 阅读20 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 这部分所说的体积的减小和所需时间的缩短恰好与前半句中提到的冰箱大小的体积和所需数分钟的时间形成了对比。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读21 【正确答案】 E【试题解析】 本文的标题是 Heat Is Killer，通篇文章说的是 heat 的危害性及预防方法。“空 41”前面的句子说，“Floods，Storms ，volcano eruptions and other natural events kill thousands of people every year”，“空 41”后面的句子说，“heat may be natures deadliest killer”。将两个句子所表达的意思汇总来看，
