1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 343（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. Wh
2、en the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.0 About Wetlands in the U.S.A.People enjoy a famous soup (SHE-CRAB SOUP) in North Carolina because the days of
3、the regional soup may be getting fewer and fewer: “no wetlands, no seafood“. The current situation of wetlands:1) California has lost【1】 of wetlands-91 percent, 【1】_and the rate of loss of wetlands is an acre per minute.2) 21 other states have losted at least half of their【 2】. 【2】_. The key value o
4、f wetlands:1) Each acre of wetland is worth【3】more money than 【3】_an acre of ocean in the benefits;2) Wetlands act like sponges and【4】like our kidney: 【4】_A. filtering out hazardous materials like dirt, chemicals,pesticides and fertilizers;B. serving as large【5】areas. 【5】_3) More important than ocea
5、n【6】in the diversity of species supported.【6】_. The possible measures to protect wetlands:1) Convince people to stop【7】or doing business in former wetlands;【7】_2) Encourage developers and businesses to stay in【 8】cities; 【8】_3) Get the government to stop developers from building in wetlands;4) Raise
6、【9】of this serious issue; 【9】_5) Protest the destruction of wetlands when we see it. The only solution:An increase in【10】in favor of protecting wetlands, 【10】_which both the builders and the government will listen.1 【1】2 【2】3 【3】4 【4】5 【5】6 【6】7 【7】8 【8】9 【9】10 【10】SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In
7、this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.11 According to
8、 the news, most poor people cannot do all of the following EXCEPT（A）growing enough food.（B） feeding their families.（C） buying enough necessities.（D）feeding their fowl. 12 The reason for the 800 million people going to bed hungry is that（A）there is no enough food for everyone.（B） they have no access
9、to grow or buy food.（C） they are lazy and dont want to grow food.（D）they are used to receiving others aid. 13 Which of the following is NOT a task of WFP as a humanitarian relief organization?（A）Communicate with donors.（B） Assess the beneficiaries needs.（C） Get food to the right people.（D）Contact re
10、gional authorities. 14 According to Ms. Bertini, in the mission to end hunger, women play（A）a decisive role.（B） a minor role.（C） an important role.（D）no role at all. 15 The greatest challenge in delivering food to people who need it is to（A）raise the resources and delivering food to poor people.（B）
11、convince people to contribute more food and money.（C） help people improve their well-being over the long term.（D）devote more energy to those who are still most at risk. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questi
12、ons that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.16 Frances highest court halted the final voyage of the Clemenceau because（A）the French President Jacque Chirac has ordered the return of it.（B） some substances on board the ship may harm peoples heal
13、th.（C） the Clemenceau should return to France at the end of the week.（D）the French President is ordering a test to discover what is on board. 17 The man Mr. Cheney accidentally shot and injured is（A）a doctor.（B） a secretary.（C） a lawyer.（D）a leader. 18 The Bush Administration has been accused by Har
14、ry Reid of（A）being covert.（B） shielding Dick.（C） being dishonest.（D）attacking the victim. 19 Which of the following statements about the American Defense Department is TRUE?（A）It has denied the authenticity of the pictures of abused prisoners.（B） It has supported the decision to stop the publication
15、 of the pictures.（C） It has considered the pictures of abused prisoners unacceptable.（D）It has been worrying about the violence incited by the pictures. 20 If Rene Prevals supporters exceeded 50% of the total voters in the first round, he would（A）enter the second round directly.（B） be the president
16、of Haiti.（C） avoid a second round runoff.（D）defeat his rival in the second round. 20 Back in 2000, inspired by a desire to help those in need, Megan and Dennis Doyle of Minneapolis decided they wanted to do more than just volunteer or write a check. Instead, they took $30,000 of their own money and
17、started a nonprofit called Hope for the City. The organization collects corporate overstock and distributes it to nonprofits in the Twin Cities, nationwide, and internationally to 26 developing countries. Today the nonprofit has a $900, 000 operating budget and a 25,000 sq.ft. warehouse to store the
18、 donated items and has distributed nearly $380 million of in-kind merchandise since its inception. “This makes us feel like were a part of something a lot bigger than just the two of us,“ says Dennis, 54, who is CEO of a local commercial real estate firm. The Doyles are not alone in their desire to
19、give back. There are more than 1 million 501 (c) (3) charities like theirs, up nearly 70% from the 614,000 that existed a decade ago, according to Tom Pollak, program director with the National Center for Charitable Statistics at the Urban Institute. Organizations dedicated to education, disaster re
20、lief, job development, the environment and AIDS are among todays “hot causes, “ says Phyllis McGrath, president of Philanthropy Management, a Fairfield, Conn., consulting firm that works with nonprofits nationwide. Fueling this growth are several factors: baby boomers with a social-entrepreneurship
21、mind-set and added time in their lives to give back to their communities, such tragic events as Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina, and greater numbers of wealthy individuals with the funds to launch their own nonprofits. But starting a nonprofit is a Herculean effort, requiring patience and determinati
22、on. It may take at least six months to a year and as much as 30 to 40 hours a week to get an organization off the ground, McGrath says. Hiring an attorney experienced with nonprofits to handle statewide and federal applications is key. The 501 (c) (3) designation comes from the IRS (Internal Revenue
23、 Service), and nonprofits are expected to provide the government with such information as a mission statement, an idea of who will be assisted and by what methods, anticipated budget and board of directors, says Andrew Grumet, a lawyer representing nonprofits with the Manhattan firm Herrick, Feinste
24、in, LLP. Accountants familiar with nonprofits can advise on how much of an investment can be made without affecting personal wealth. But even with the best of intentions, nonprofits have a high failure rate : only one-third survive beyond five years, says Stan Madden, director of the Center for Nonp
25、rofit Studies at the Hankamer School of Business at Baylor University in Waeo, Texas. The best approach is to start with a business plan. Research other organizations in the field to make sure there is no other group addressing the same cause. Consult with other charities to determine that there are
26、 constituents who can really use your services. As McGrath notes, “Consider a realistic and doable niche that your organization can uniquely fill. “ That is just what Beth Shaw, 41, did. The owner of a $4 million company that trains yoga fitness instructors worldwide, Shaw used her knowledge of the
27、market to launch Visionary Women in Fitness, which provides scholarships to underprivileged women so that they can train to become instructors. With a budget of just $30,000, the nonprofit, based in Hermosa Beach, Calif., is able to help 15 to 20 women a year learn a skill that can get them an entry
28、-level job. “I have two homes and a successful business, so many young women out there have nothing,“ says Shaw, who has donated $50,000 of her own money since she launched the charity in June 2004. “This was the time in my life to step up and start giving back. “ 21 Which of the following is INCORR
29、ECT about Hope for the City?（A）Its a nonprofit organization collecting corporate excessive supply.（B） Its a nonprofit organization distributing donated items to other nonprofits.（C） It was initiated by individuals desiring to do more than donating money.（D）Its a nonprofit organization with few oppor
30、tunities of secure investment. 22 Which of the following does NOT make for the growth of charities?（A）Baby boomers whore willing to give back to their communities.（B） Hot causes dedicated to education, job development, the environment, etc.（C） Tragic events like Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina.（D）Wea
31、lthy people with the funds to launch their own nonprofits. 23 “Herculean“ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to（A）of or relating to Hercules.（B） characterized by requiring skill.（C） characterized by requiring great strength.（D）having a high degree of intelligence. 24 It can be concluded fr
32、om the passage that（A）hard work and good intentions dont guarantee the success of nonprofits.（B） an experienced lawyer is the determining factor of the success of nonprofits.（C） accountants will be helpful in deciding whether to invest in nonprofits.（D）investing in nonprofits means a high risk of lo
33、sing ones wealth. 25 Which category of writing does the passage belong to?（A）Narration.（B） Description.（C） Persuasion.（D）Exposition. 25 “You dont have to wait for government to move. the really fantastic thing about Fairtrade is that you can go shopping ! “So said a representative of the Fairtrade m
34、ovement in a British newspaper. Similarly Marion Nestle, a nutritionist at New York University, argues that “when you choose organics, you are voting for a planet with fewer pesticides, richer soil and cleaner water supplies. “The idea that shopping is the new politics is certainly seductive. Never
35、mind the ballot box: vote with your supermarket trolley instead. Elections occur relatively rarely, but you probably go shopping several times a month, providing yourself with lots of opportunities to express your opinions. If you are worried about the environment, you might buy organic food ; if yo
36、u want to help poor farmers, you can do your bit by buying Fairtrade products; or you can express a dislike of evil multinational companies and rampant globalisation by buying only local produce. And the best bit is that shopping, unlike voting, is fun; so you can do good and enjoy yourself at the s
37、ame time. Sadly, its not that easy. There are good reasons to doubt the claims made about three of the most popular varieties of “ethical“ food: organic food, Fairtrade food and local food. People who want to make the world a better place cannot do so by shifting their shopping habits: transforming
38、the planet requires duller disciplines, like politics. Organic food, which is grown without man-made pesticides and fertilisers, is generally assumed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional intensive farming, which is heavily reliant on chemical inputs. But it all depends on what you m
39、ean by “environmentally friendly“. Farming is inherently bad for the environment: since humans took it up around 11,000 years ago, the result has been deforestation on a massive scale. But following the “.green revolution“of the 1960s greater use of chemical fertiliser has tripled grain yields with
40、very little increase in the area of land under cultivation. Organic methods, which rely on crop rotation, manure and compost in place of fertiliser, are far less intensive. So producing the worlds current agricultural output organically would require several times as much land as is currently cultiv
41、ated. There wouldnt be much room left for the rainforest. Fairtrade food is designed to raise poor fanners-incomes. It is sold at a higher price than ordinary food, with a subsidy passed back to the farmer. But prices of agricultural commodities are low because of overproduction. By propping up the
42、price, the Fairtrade system encourages farmers to produce more of these commodities rather than diversifying into other crops and so depresses pricesthus achieving, for most fanners, exactly the opposite of what the initiative is intended to do. And since only a small fraction of the mark-up on Fair
43、trade foods actually goes to the farmermost goes to the retailerthe system gives rich consumers an inflated impression of their largesse and makes alleviating poverty seem too easy. Surely the ease for local food, produced as close as possible to the consumer in order to minimise “food miles“and, by
44、 extension, carbon emissions, is clear? Surprisingly, it is not. A study of Britains food system found that nearly half of food-vehicle miles (ie, miles travelled by vehicles carrying food) were driven by cars going to and from the shops. Most people live closer to a supermarket than a farmers marke
45、t, so more local food could mean more food-vehicle miles. Moving food around in big, carefully packed lorries, as supermarkets do, may in fact be the most efficient way to transport the stuff. Whats more, once the energy used in production as well as transport is taken into account, local food may t
46、urn out to be even less green. Producing lamb in New Zealand and shipping it to Britain uses less energy than producing British lamb, because farming in New Zealand is less energy-intensive. And the local-food movements aims, of course, contradict those of the Fairtrade movement, by discouraging ric
47、h-country consumers from buying poor-country produce. But since the local-food movement looks suspiciously like oldfashioned protectionism masquerading as concern for the environment, helping poor countries is presumably not the point. 26 The passage suggests that Fairtrade movement（A）can offer help
48、 to needy farmers.（B） encourages people to do less shopping.（C） enables people to vote at any time.（D）can provide people with more choices. 27 The authors attitude towards ethical food is one of（A）impartial.（B） optimistic.（C） pessimistic.（D）skeptical. 28 One of the disadvantages of organic food is t
49、hat（A）it might occupy woodland.（B） it might use more fertilizers.（C） it depends more on insects.（D）it demands more efforts and water. 29 Which of the following is one of the blame local-food movement incurs?（A）It intentionally increases carbon emissions.（B） It is not beneficial to poor countries indeed.（C） It reduces the use of carefully packed lorries.（D）It discourages customers to buy good produce. 30 The best title for the passage
