1、2009 年下半年全国自考（外语教学法）真题试卷及答案与解析一、Multipe ChoiceDirections: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each corre
2、ct choice.1 _ is the author of the book Syntactic Structures.（A）Edward Sapir（B） Noam Chomsky（C） . Firth（D）. Halliday2 The ultimate goal of learning a foreign language in a Grammar-Translation classroom is to enable the students to _ its literature.（A）translate and write（B） read（C） read and write（D）r
3、ead and translate3 _ can be introduced as a means of consolidation and evaluation in the Direct Method.（A）Reading（B） Listening（C） Speaking（D）Writing4 The Audiolingual Method, the American approach to the teaching of English as a second language, had become Audiolingualism by the_.（A）mid-1950s（B） lat
4、e 1950s（C） mid-1940s（D）late 1940s5 The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of_.（A）Noam Chomsky（B） . Piaget（C） . Ausubel（D）. Bruner6 According to Palmer and some other linguists of his time, _ played one of the most important roles in foreign language learn
5、ing.（A）grammar（B） phonetics（C） vocabulary（D）rhetoric7 Some lingnists thought that all languages _ and were ruled by a common grammar.（A）originated from one language（B） started as the same language（C） came from many different languages（D）borrowed words from one another8 In Malinowskis opinion, an utt
6、erance has no _ at all if it is out of the context of situation.（A）form（B） meaning（C） content（D）format9 Which of the following is NOT found in the language teaching methodology Palmer and Hornby worked out?（A）Practically workable.（B） Theoretically well-graded.（C） Intellectually ordered.（D）Structural
7、ly grammar-based.10 The Audiolingual Method separates language skills into listening, speaking, reading and writing with emphasis on the teaching of_.（A）listening and speaking after reading and writing（B） listening and reading before speaking and writing（C） listening and writing after speaking and r
8、eading（D）listening and speaking before reading and writing11 _ is the process by which we modify what we already know to take into account new information.（A）Organization（B） Accommodation（C） Comprehension（D）Assimilation12 According to the Natural Approach,_ is not absolutely essential for language a
9、cquisition.（A）writing（B） reading（C） speaking（D）listening13 The Natural Approach believes that the teaching of _ should be delayed until comprehension skills are established.（A）listening（B） speaking（C） reading（D）writing14 _ refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their
10、 interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the text.（A）Grammatical competence（B） Soeiolinguistic competence（C） Discourse competence（D）Strategic competence15 Like Curran, Lozanov also recognized the need to involve the _ in the learning process.（A）mental activity（B） code
11、-leaming（C） physical response（D）whole person二、Filling BlanksDirections: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.16 In the Grammar-Translation Method, the teaching materials are arranged accordin
12、g to_system.17 In applying the Oral Approach, with the target language as the language of the classroom, translation should be_.18 The Total Physical Response method is a language teaching method which attempts to teach language through_activities.19 The _ i+1, put forward by Krashen, means input th
13、at contains structures slightly above the learners present level.20 _ is particularly interested in the relationships between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used.21 Behaviorism believes that basic learning processes could be described in terms of _and responses.22 In the
14、 Direct Method, the target language is used _ in the language classroom as a means of instruction and communication.23 The Audiolingual Method, known variously as the _ Approach and the Structural Approach, influenced the way languages were taught in the US and elsewhere in the world through out the
15、 1950s.24 The learning theory of Audiolingualism, an empirically based approach to the study of human be-haviour, is _ psychology.25 Hymes holds that communicative competence refers to the _ not only to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when, where, and to whom to use them.26 One
16、 of the objectives of the Oral Approach was to develop principles of_ control.27 J. B. Bruner believes that learning is most effectively achieved when children are encouraged to engage in _ discovery.28 Most of the teaching activities in a Grammar-Translation classroom serve the_ of mastering gramma
17、tical rules.29 According to the Oral Approach, foreign language learning was basically thought of as a _of habit-formation.30 Gattegno anticipates that using the Silent Way would require most teachers to change their perception of their_.31 Krashen maintains that acquisition comes about through mean
18、ingful _in a natural communication setting.32 Although the teaching of all four language skills is advocated by most Direct Methodologists,_communication skills are regarded as basic.33 In an Audiolingual classroom, a _ is usually presented and memorized before specific grammar patterns are picked o
19、ut from it and later become the focus of drill exercises.34 In practice the Cognitive Approach involves more active use of the students mental power, which is especially suitable for _language learners.35 Jean Piaget stated that as the child grows up, his capacity of _would become more and more deve
20、loped through different stages.三、MatchingDirections: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked , , , ,or in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.35 A:techniq
21、ues used in the Audiolingual Method mini-dialogue transformation drill question-and-answer drill simple substitution drill repetition drill B:the purpose a. to give the students practice in finding and filling in the slots of a sentence b. to imitate the model accurately and quickly c. to help stude
22、nts learn to make appropriate responses d. to give students practice in transformation of patterns e. to give students practice in asking and answering questions36 37 38 39 40 40 A:the main feature/view of the Natural Approach Language is best taught when it is being used to transmit message. The Na
23、tural Approach claims to be able to incorporate any of the techniques of other methods. People acquire a language from what they hear and understand. Students errors are not corrected unless meaning is affected. Class time is devoted primarily to providing input for acquisition. B:the advantage or d
24、isadvantage associated with the feature a. The techniques are often borrowed from other methods. b. It emphasizes comprehensible and meaningful input. c. It emphasizes the process of language acquisition rather than the product. d. It stresses the importance of understanding. e. Formal learning of l
25、anguage rules is of little value.41 42 43 44 44 A: teaching method the Grammar-Translation Method the Natural Approach the Communicative Approach the Cognitive Approach the Audiolingual Method B: theoretical basis a. the monitor theory b. structural linguistics c. the discourse theory d. traditional
26、 linguistics e. the cognitive theory45 46 47 48 49 四、Questions for Brief AnswersDirections: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.50 What is the other term that the Oral Approach is referred to as?51 What form of language did the tradi
27、tional linguists give priority to and what did they take as their starting point?52 Classroom procedures in the Direct Method can be roughly divided into three phases. What are they?53 Halliday described seven basic functions that language performs. Please write out any five of them.54 What combinat
28、ion led to the Audiolingual Method widely adopted for teaching foreign languages?55 What are the main disadvantages of the Cognitive Approach?五、Questions for Long AnswersDirections: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theor
29、etical knowledge youve learned. Ten points are given to each question.56 Discuss in your own words the four principles of cognitivism formulated by Diller.57 Discuss in your own words any five characteristics of the Audiolinguai Method.2009 年下半年全国自考（外语教学法）真题试卷答案与解析一、Multipe ChoiceDirections: In this
30、 section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 1957 年乔姆斯基(Chomsky)出版了他的专著句法结构(Syntact
31、ic Structures)。这本书在语言学界掀起了一场革命，还产生了一个新的学派转换生成语言学。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 语法翻译法课堂教学的最终目的是让学生能够阅读(read)和翻译(translate)所学的文学作品。语法翻译被看作是学习文学作品必不可少的先期准备阶段。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 分级作文是直接法教学的技巧之一。在直接法教学中，写作(Writing)是被用来巩固和评估所学内容的一种手段。4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 由于各种因素导致了把英语作为第二语言来教学的美国方法的出现。到了五十年代中期这种美国方法就演变成了听说法。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】
32、1957 年乔姆斯基出版了句法结构一书，这本书在语言学界掀起了一场革命，还产生了一个新的学派转换生成语言学(generative-transformational school of linguistics)。因此说转换生成语言学的出现受到了乔姆斯基的影响。6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 帕尔默(Palmer)和当时其他的一些语言学家都认为词汇(vocabulary)在外语学习中的地位非常重要，应该学会使用频率最高的词汇。7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 不同语言之间的比较结果表明：像希腊语和拉丁语这类古典语言与现代印欧语系的各种语言非常相似。一些语言学家认为：所有语言都源于一种共同语言，受
33、约于同一种语法。8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 马利诺夫(Malinowski)得出结论：每一字的意思在很大程度上都取决于其语境，一旦脱离语境，话便无意义(meaning)。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 帕尔默与霍恩比试图找到一种既按一定理论进行分级(theoretically well-graded)、又符合明智发展的程序 (intellectually ordered)，同时实践上又可操作的(practically workable)语言教学法。10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学的理论，听说法形成了自己明显的特点。其中一个特点就是：把语言分成听、说
34、、读、写四种技能。在教学中强调先听说，后读写。11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 同化的含义可以归纳为：同化(accommodation)是一个过程，是新接收的信息经过大脑的加工整理后和已有知识结构相适合。12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 自然法认为语言习得中说的作用并不重要。人们习得语言是通过他们听到(或读到) 和理解到的语言内容，而不是通过说。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 自然法强调语言理解的核心，并认为只有具备了理解能力才能教授说的技能。14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 语篇能力(discourse competence)是指对独立的信息成分之间的相互关系的理解办，以及对篇章结
35、构上语篇意义表达上的理解力。15 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 与柯伦一样，洛扎诺夫也认识到在学习过程中需要全身心(wholeperson)的投入，既有意识的自我和无意识的自我投入，他发现，通过破除学生对自身学习能力的局限感，真正的学习将会大大加强。二、Filling BlanksDirections: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.1
36、6 【正确答案】 grammar【试题解析】 语法翻译法强调讲授第二语言语法。语法被看作是语言的核心。教材内容是根据语法体系来安排的。17 【正确答案】 avoided【试题解析】 口语教学法具有一些重要特点，其中一个特点就是：用目标语作为课堂用语，尽量避免翻译。18 【正确答案】 physical【试题解析】 全身反应法(The Total Physical Response method) 的概念为：全身反应法是试图通过身体动作(physical activities) 来教语言的教学法。19 【正确答案】 formula【试题解析】 语言输入论认为在目标语的习得过程中，为了获得下一阶段的
37、进步，习得者需要懂得目标语在下一阶段中新结构的语言输入。克拉申把这一点用公式(formula)i+1 表示出来，意思是语言输入中的结构内容要稍微高出学生当时的水平。20 【正确答案】 Pragmatics【试题解析】 与交际法密切相关的是语用学(pragmatics)，这是一门研究语言在交际中运用的学科。语用学重点研究句子与在其使用中的语境、情境之间的关系。21 【正确答案】 stimuli【试题解析】 随着行为主义的发展，其主要研究目标就变为确认基本学习过程，而这些过程就刺激和反应而言是可以描述的。22 【正确答案】 exclusively【试题解析】 课堂教学中只用外语来授课和进行交流，完
38、全避免使用母语和翻译练习是直接法的教学特点。23 【正确答案】 Aural-Oral【试题解析】 语言主要是用口头表达的，其口头表达能力要通过语言结构的训练才能形成。听说法，或叫耳口法或叫结构法在二十世纪五十年代影响着整个美国的语言教学。24 【正确答案】 behavioral【试题解析】 听说法的学习理论是行为主义心理学。行为主义心理学是一种以实验的方法研究人类行为的科学。25 【正确答案】 abilities【试题解析】 在海姆斯看来，语言理论仅仅是一种交际与文化相结合理论中的一部分。他的观点是：交际能力不仅是指将语法规则用以构成语法正确的句子的能力(ability)，而且也包括知道在何时
39、何地使用这些句子，以及用于何种对象的能力。26 【正确答案】 vocabulary【试题解析】 帕尔默在日本从事英语语言教学研究多年，一直致力于两个相辅相成的目标。目标之一是以在日本学校行之有效的具体形式来实施口语教学法的原则。另一个目标是建立控制词汇(vocabulary control)的原则。27 【正确答案】 guided【试题解析】 布鲁纳认为抽象理解能力、认知能力和策略的发展是教育的核心目的。他相信当激励孩子们进行有指导的发现学习时，他们就会取得最有效的学习成果。28 【正确答案】 purpose【试题解析】 语法翻译法强调讲授第二语言语法。大多数的教学活动，如分析、解释和翻译，都
40、是为了掌握语法规则这一目的(purpose)。29 【正确答案】 process【试题解析】 口语教学法的学习理论基础是行为主义的习惯形成理论。外语学习基本上被认为是一个习惯形成的过程(process) 。30 【正确答案】 role【试题解析】 加蒂格诺说使用沉默法就要求老师改变对自己作用(role)的看法。老师的任务就是先教，再考，然后走开。31 【正确答案】 interaction【试题解析】 克拉申坚持认为第二语言的学习者可随意地使用两种完全明显而相互独立的方法来发展和提高其第二语言能力。一个是习得；另一个是学习。习得是在一种自然交流的环境中通过语言有意义的相互作用(interacti
41、on)而产生的。32 【正确答案】 oral【试题解析】 尽管大多数直接法教学专家提倡发展四种语言能力，但是口头交际能力仍被看作是语言的基本能力。33 【正确答案】 dialogue【试题解析】 在课堂上，教师要求学生先听一段对话，然后复述和背诵。学生在操练并记住对话后，教师再向他们指出对话中具体的语法结构，然后针对这些结构进行各种形式的句型练习。34 【正确答案】 adult【试题解析】 认知法在语言实践中强调外语学习要更积极地发挥学生的智力，这一点尤其符合成年人学习外语的情况。35 【正确答案】 reasoning【试题解析】 皮亚杰认为，儿童在成长的不同时期，其认知能力会不断地得到发展。
42、三、MatchingDirections: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked , , , ,or in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.36 【正确答案】 c【试题解析】 微型对话练习(mini-dialogue)旨在帮助
43、学生学会对所给出的话语作出合适的反应或回答。37 【正确答案】 d【试题解析】 句型转换练习(transformation drill)要求学生把老师给的一个句子，比如一个肯定句转换成否定句等转换练习。38 【正确答案】 e【试题解析】 问答练习(question-and-answer drill)让学生进行回答问题的操练。39 【正确答案】 a【试题解析】 简单替换练习(simple substitution drill) 指教师通常从对话中选出一个句子，然后说出一个单词或一个词组称为“提示”。学生复述教师提供的句子，并把提示的替换词填入句子中的适当位置。40 【正确答案】 b【试题解析】
44、重复练习(repetition drill)要求学生能准确而迅速地重复教师所示范的句子。41 【正确答案】 e【试题解析】 自然法认为课堂教学具有较强的灵活性，包括任何一种教学法的技巧，当然这些技巧也借自其他教学法。42 【正确答案】 a【试题解析】 自然法认为人们习得语言是通过他们听到(或读到)和理解到的语言内容，而不是通过说，因此强调理解的重要性。43 【正确答案】 d【试题解析】 为了让学生按照自然顺序习得(acquisition)语言，教师允许学生犯错误而不过分强调纠正错误。44 【正确答案】 c【试题解析】 自然法强调课堂时间应主要提供有助于习得的语言输入，强调可理解的，有意义的输入
45、。45 【正确答案】 d【试题解析】 总的说来，语法翻译法属于传统语言学派(traditional linguistics)。因此，传统语言学是语法翻译法的理论基础。46 【正确答案】 a【试题解析】 自我监测模式(monitor model)是克拉申第二语言学习理论的中心。克拉中是自然法(the Natural Approach)的提出者，所以自我监测理论是自然法的理论基础。47 【正确答案】 c【试题解析】 话语篇章分析学专门研究口头及书面语中的句子如何构成具有更大意义的单位。因此，话语篇章理论是交际法的理论基础。48 【正确答案】 e【试题解析】 认知法也在语言学和心理学领域寻找其理论基
46、础。其理论基础认知理论反映了二十世纪六十年代乔姆斯基开创的语言学和语言心理学的理论研究方向。49 【正确答案】 b【试题解析】 听说法所依据的语言理论起源于二十世纪三十年代和四十年代美国语言学家提出的语言学观点。这些观点就是人们所熟知的结构主义语言学(structural linguistics)。四、Questions for Brief AnswersDirections: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.50 【正确
47、答案】 The Situational Approach.51 【正确答案】 They gave priority to the written form, and took words as their starting point.52 【正确答案】 (1) presentation by direct association; (2) oral practice in the target language; (3) consolidation with written work.53 【正确答案】 Language can be used (1) to get things,(2) t
48、o control the behavior of others,(3) to create interaction with others, (4) to express personal feelings, (5) to learn and to discover, (6) to create a world of the imagination,and (7) to communicate information.54 【正确答案】 The combination of structural linguistic theory, aural-oral procedures, and be
49、haviourist psychology led to adoption of the method.55 【正确答案】 (1) Teachers find it difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations. And students who are slow to comprehend do not work successfully with the method because learning depends a lot on analysis and understanding. (2) There are not yet complete and systematic practical activities and proc
