1、全国自考(外语教学法)模拟试卷 5 及答案与解析一、Multipe ChoiceDirections: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correct cho
2、ice.1 In the Direct Method, the most frequently used techniques of consolidation are dictation, purposeful tasks and_.(A)free composition(B) guided composition(C) graded composition(D)oral practice2 _ was the first one that helped to make a profession the teaching of English as a second/foreign lang
3、uage and became well-known in the world because of his research on the profession.(A)Daniel Jones(B) Harold Palmer(C) Michael West(D)Lawrence Faucett3 The Grammar-Translation Method was first used in the teaching of_.(A)French(B) Latin and Greek(C) English(D)English and French4 Stimulus, response an
4、d reinforcement is behavioural psychology used in _in language teaching.(A)the Direct Method(B) the Natural Approach(C) the Cognitive Approach(D)the Audiolingual Method5 The schema theory is an important element in _ , which is “action-based“, more concerned with the process of learning than what is
5、 learnt.(A)Brunners method(B) Ausubels theory(C) Kellys theory(D)Piagets theory6 According to Halliday, a British linguist, social context of language can be analyzed in terms of three factors :_ of discourse(A)the range, length and content(B) the situation, context and mode(C) the field, tenor and
6、mode(D)the context, content and field7 The role of the teacher in a Communicative Approach classroom are_.(A)a facilitator of studentslearning(B) a manager of classroom activity(C) an advisor of studentsquestions(D)all of the above8 The two categories of meaning of language proposed by Wilkins are_.
7、(A)notions and functions(B) notions and forms(C) general and specific(D)forms and functions9 A statement of the rule was followed by a vocabulary list and translation exercises. At the end of the course translation of connected prose Passage was attempted This is _class.(A)Audiolingual Method(B) Ora
8、l Approach(C) Direct Method(D)Grammar-Translation10 Hatch put forward the _ theory in the late 1970s.(A)monitor(B) discourse(C) cognitive(D)acculturation11 The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called _ founded by a group of psychologists.(A)cognitive psychology(B) behaviourist p
9、sychology(C) psychoanalysis(D)Gestalt psychology12 The transformational generative linguistics was first put forward by_.(A)Krashen(B) Halliday(C) Bloomfield(D)Chomsky13 Berlitz established the first Berlitz school in the U. S. in 1878 and used a method which is known as _ which was one school of Di
10、rect Method.(A)Berlitz Method(B) the U. S Method(C) Oral Method(D)Concrete Method14 _ studies how sentences in spoken and written language form larger meaningful units such as paragraphs, conversations, and interviews.(A)Communicative Language Teaching(B) Meaning negotiation(C) Discourse analysis(D)
11、Pragmatics15 Foreign language teaching in China is an integrated application of audiolingualism,_, and Communicative Language Teaching.(A)Suggestopaedia(B) traditionalism(C) Community Language Learning(D)Three Dimensional Approach二、Filling BlanksDirections: In this section there are 20 statements wi
12、th 20 blanks. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.16 The famous American linguist Noam Chomsky created two linguistic terms: linguistic competence and “linguistic _“.17 _ Method emphasizes on written language and memorization of grammatical rules
13、.18 The _ Method emphasizes on oral work and drilling; language presented in dialogues; practice contextualized in situation.19 According to the theory of cognitive psychology, learning must involve organization of_.20 In the _ Method, vocabulary selection procedures are followed to ensure that an e
14、ssential general service vocabulary is covered.21 The learning of a foreign language was viewed by the Direct Methodologists as _ to the first language acquisition.22 The _ Approach emphasizes on oral skills ; use of only the target language in the classroom.23 Cognitive psychologists hold the idea
15、that _ gives meaning to parts previously incomprehensible.24 The _ Approach emphasizes on dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks.25 The _ Approach emphasizes on the conscious acquisition of language as a meaningful system.26 Krashens monitor hypothesis states that l
16、earning has only one function, and that is as a_.27 Chomsky believes that_ are born with special language learning abilities.28 The Communicative Approach believes that language is used for communication and is more concerned with _ than with structure.29 _ is Palmers core methodological principle.3
17、0 The Audiolingual Method uses dialogues as the main form of language presentation and _ as the main training techniques.31 The Communicative Approach attempts to follow the natural _ process in the classroom.32 The _ theory originated in the late 1970s and was put forward by J. Schumann and R. Ande
18、rson.33 The general goal of a language programme is to teach _ skills.34 Language is best taught when it is being used to transmit_.35 Traditional linguists believe that the _ form of language was superior to the spoken form which was regarded as the corrupted form of language.三、MatchingDirections:
19、This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked , , , ,or in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.35 1) _ language acquisition device (LAD) 2) _ stimulus and respo
20、nse 3) _ the discourse theory 4) _ acquisition and learning 5) _ the input hypothesis a) The former refers to the subconscious process leading to the development of “competence“; the latter refers to conscious study and knowledge of grammatical rules. h) A sort of mechanism or device which contains
21、the capacity to acquire one s first language. c) It assumes that humans acquire language in only one way-by understanding messages, or by receiving “comprehensible input“. d) It believes there is little difference between the first language acquisition process and the process of second language acqu
22、isition-only through communication discourses. e) The former serves to elicit behaviour; the latter is triggered by the former.36 1)37 2)38 3)39 4)40 5)40 1) _ Language (1933) 2) _ Syntactic Structures (1957) 3) _ How to Teach a Foreign Language (1904) 4) _ The Practical Study of Languages (1899) 5)
23、 _ Outline of English Phonetics (1918) a) Jaspersen b) Daniel Jones c) Leonard Bloomfield d) Henry Sweet e) Noam Chomsky41 1)42 2)43 3)44 4)45 5)45 1) _ the Oral Approach 2) _ the Cognitive Approach 3) _ the Communicative Approach 4) _ the Audiolingnal Method 5) _ the Direct Method a) The use of dri
24、lls and pattern practice is one of its distinctive features. b) The practice techniques adopted in this approach generally consists of guided repetition and substitution activity.c) Written work should be graded.d) Role play and simulation activities are often thought to be one of the most effective
25、 ways of integrating language skills in the language classroom.e) It seeks the intellectual understanding by the learner of the language as a system.46 1)47 2)48 3)49 4)50 5)四、Questions for Brief AnswersDirections: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given
26、 to each question.51 How does the Cognitive Approach make up for all the disadvantages of the Audiolingual Method?52 Do you think that it is necessary to draw a distinction between acquisition and learning? Why or why not?53 Appropriacy of language use has to be considered alongside accuracy. What i
27、mplications does this have for attitudes to errors?54 How do you interpret the idea of “communicating in English“ in your case, as a learner of English?55 Review the tenets of Krashens Input Hypothesis.56 What are the principles of behaviourism?五、Questions for Long AnswersDirections: The two questio
28、ns in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge youve learned. Ten points are given to each question.57 What are the function and result of the controversies in ancient Greece?58 Do you think that, in second language acquisition
29、, acquisition will continue to happen for adults? Why or why not?全国自考(外语教学法)模拟试卷 5 答案与解析一、Multipe ChoiceDirections: In this section, you are given 15 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement o
30、r to answer the question. One point is given to each correct choice.1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 霍恩比、盖滕比、还有韦克菲尔德在分析英语语言时,将其主要语法结构分成可以用来进行口头练习的句型结构。这种句型分类法被写进 1953 年出版的当代英语学生辞典(The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English),这是为学英语的外国学生编写的第一本英语辞典。其他关于英语语法的出版物还包括按语音学编写的英语口语语法(A Grammar of Spoken English on a
31、 Strictly Phonetic Basis)(Palmer Blandford, 1939)、英语语法手册(A Handbook of English Grammar)(Zandvoort, 1954)以及 Horby 的英语句型与用法指南(Guide Patterns and Usage in English)(1954)这些书都是教材编写者使用的英语基本句型标准参考书。选项 D朗文当代英语词典 (Longmen Dictionary of Contemporary English)自 1978 年问世以来受到各国读者的欢迎并普遍被认为对外国学生学习英语很有帮助。2 【正确答案】 A【
32、试题解析】 丹尼尔.琼斯是使英语作为外语教学成为一种职业的第一人物,1918年他的英语语音学纲要(Outline of English Phonetics)是英语语音学方面的专著之一。选项 B 帕尔默是口语法倡导人之一。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语法翻译法是指以翻译和语法学习为主要教学活动的外语或第二语言教学法,由于这种教学法首先被用来进行拉丁语和希腊语等古典语言的教学,它曾一度被称为古典法。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 听说法的学习理论基础是行为主义心理学,行为主义心理学认为刺激(stimulus)、反应(response)和强化(reinforcement)是三个重要的概念,语
33、言是一套语言习惯,这种语言习惯是通过确认并强化刺激与反应之间的联系而形成的。A直接法的学习理论基础是联想主义心理学(associationist psychology),B 自然法的学习理论基础是克拉申的自我监测模式(Monitor Model),C 认知法的学习理论基础是认知心理学(cognitive psychology) 。5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰(Piaget)创立了认知发展理论(theory of cognitive development)和图式理论(Schema theory)。他认为,孩子在主动适应环境的同时,通过同化和适应(assimilati
34、on and accommodation)过程,把其行为组成图式结构(Schemata),并使概念得到发展。布鲁纳提出了发现学习法(Discovery method);奥斯贝尔理论的核心是“有意义的语言学习和先期组织”(meaningful verbal and advance organizers);凯利明确区分了有意义的学习活动和无意义的学习活动。因此排除 A、B、C。6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 韩礼德继承了马林诺夫斯基和弗尔斯的“情景”概念,并把一种特殊的情景类型视作符号结构,可以用三维结构的三位一体表示:正在发生的社会活动、涉及到的角色关系、象征性或修辞手法。韩礼德把这三个方面分
35、别称作“话语范围”(field)、“大概意识”(tenor)、“方式”(mode) 。7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 交际法课堂教学中,教师不再能起到以往教师为中心的教室里那种支配作用,教师有多重角色:主要角色是课堂活动的组织者(a facilitator of students learning),负责创造和促进最适合语言交际的情境;在课堂活动中,又成为指导者(a manager of classroom activities),并回答学生问题,监控其语言运用(an advisor of students questions);有时教师又成为交流者(aco-communicator in
36、the communicative activity),与学生共同参加语言的交流活动。因此该题全选。8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 威尔金斯提出了以交际为标准(communicative criteria)而设计的功能意念(functional-notional)大纲的基本要点,认为语言的意义可以分为两类,即意念(notions)和功能(functions),其著作意念大纲(Notional Syllabuses) 对交际教学法发展有深刻影响。因此排除 B、C、D。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 语法翻译法主要教学活动是分析、解释和翻译,而主要教学实践是用目标语言进行翻译。A 和 B 以培
37、养学生听力口语能力为目标, C 直接法以培养学生目标语交际能力为目的。10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 话语交际说(Discourse Theory) ,哈奇 Hatch(1978)的话语理论认为。学习者可以通过参加对话交谈来发展自己对目的语结构形式的认识,学习者只有通过接受语言输入才能学习语言.话语理论认为,在自然环境中,这种语言输入部分地是由学习者自己决定的。选项 A 自我监测模式是克拉申提出的,他认为习得与学习在交际活动中所起的作用是有区别的。选项 C 认知说是由麦克劳林(Mclaughlin)于 20 世纪 80 年代初提出的,认为应把学习第二语言视为是学习复杂的认识技巧。选项 D
38、文化认同说产生于 20 世纪 70 年代末,是由美国的舒曼(Schumann)和安德森(Anderson)提出的,指的是一种文化的成员要想在另一种文化之中行动自如,他们就得改变自己的态度、知识结构和行为举止。11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 格式塔心理学产生于 20 世纪 20 年代,由德国心理学家韦特墨、考夫卡和勒文等人所创立。1890 年由弗洛伊德提出精神分析的心理学理论,1913 年美国心理学家华生发表了题为行为主义者眼中的心理学被认为是将行为主义正式引入心理学领域,直到 20 世纪 60 年代,行为主义开始从其支配地位走下坡路,其地位逐渐被一种新的认知心理学所取代,代表人物皮亚杰和乔
39、姆斯基。12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 乔姆斯基创建了转换生成语言学,提出的主要概念有语言习得机制(LAD),区分语言能力(Linguistic competence)和语言表达能力(Linguistic performance),认为有普遍语法 (UG)的存在。A 克拉申的最大贡献在于提出自我监测模式(Monitor Model),为自然法奠定了理论基础; B 韩礼德继承并发展了功能语言学,为交际法奠定了语言理论基础;C 布鲁姆菲尔德是美国结构主义语言学之父,为听说法奠定了语言理论基础。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 贝力子在 1878 年在美国建立了第一所“贝力子外语学校”,他在教
40、学中创立了“贝力子教学法”,这种教学法是直接法的一个流派。B、C 、D 不合题意。14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 话语篇章分析(Discourse theory)是交际语言教学法中不可分割的部分,它是由英国著名应用语言学家韩礼德提出的,这门学科专门研究口头及书面语中的句子(clauses) 如何构成具有更大意义的单位,如段落、对话、访谈等。选项 A交际教学法强调语言学习的目的是获得交际能力,它的语言理论基础包括韩礼德提出的话语篇章分析。选项 B 是持交际语言观的坎德林(Cadlin)提出的意义协商过程(process of meaning negotiation);选项 D 语用学主要研究
41、在实际使用中的语言,与本题无关。15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 20 世纪 80 年代所提倡的教学方法是一种综合的方法,既有听说法(Audio-lingual)的成分又有传统(Traditionalism)的成分,同时代的交际法(Communicative Language Learning)影响也很深。选项 A 暗示法(Sugges-topaedia)是由洛扎诺夫(Lozanov)提倡的,旨在学习者应当对自己认为存在的那些局限性进行“反暗示”,更好的利用脑力资源。选项 C 集体语言学习法的提倡者是柯伦(Curran),该方法建议教师要把学生当成一个“完整的人 ”(whole person
42、s)来对待。选项 D 外语立体化教学法认为外语是学会的,习得的东西只起次要的作用,强调学生要对自己负责。二、Filling BlanksDirections: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.16 【正确答案】 performance【试题解析】 乔姆斯基把人类语言划分为语言能力(Linguistic competence) 和语言行为(
43、Linguistic performance),他强烈反对结构主义提出的刺激反应论,认为语言习得并不是由纯粹的外界语言刺激造成的。语言能力指的是说母语的人所具有的母语知识;语言表达能力是指母语使用者说出的具体话。17 【正确答案】 Grammar-translation【试题解析】 语法翻译法中语法被看作是语言的核心,阅读和写作(reading and writing)是教学的重点,母语成了主要中介语言,主要教学实践都是用目标语言进行翻译(translation),句子是语言教学的基本单位,并且要求学生记忆(Memorization)两种语言对应的词汇表和语法规则。18 【正确答案】 Dire
44、ct【试题解析】 直接法要求课堂教学用目标语,语言实践都放入到“情景”当中去,强调口语的重要性,主张先教听说,再教读写,认为在教学中应遵循语言学习的自然途径(natural process),应当用归纳法教授语法,通过会话来实现教学目的。19 【正确答案】 material【试题解析】 认知心理学研究各种知识体系的本质和学习过程(nature and learning),特别注重对思维、感知、理解、记忆和学习等心理活动过程的研究。他们认为学习必须包含所学语言材料的组织(Learning must involve organization of material)。学习过程应当是有结构的 (st
45、ructured),这种结构给原先不可理解的部分赋予了意义。20 【正确答案】 Direct【试题解析】 在口语法中,帕尔默和一些语言学家都认为词汇在外语学习中的地位非常重要,应当学会使用频率最高的词汇,就此帕尔默和威斯特及其他一些专家共同编写了一本英语外语教学所需的词汇表,给语言课程建立了一个选择的科学理论。21 【正确答案】 anologous【试题解析】 直接法要求在课堂教学中只用目标语进行教学,应遵循母语语言学习的自然途径,用归纳法教授语法,它认为应当把想表达的意思和目标语直接联系起来,而不要先转换成母语这个过程。22 【正确答案】 Oral【试题解析】 口语法(Oral Approa
46、ch)的主要特征有:(1) 语言教学从口语开始;(2) 目标语是课堂用语; (3) 情景(situations) 中介绍练习新语言;(4) 选词包括常用词汇(common core words);(5) 语法项目从简单到复杂用归纳法 (induction)讲授;(6) 读和写的教学在后期进行。所以口语法课堂上只用目标语进行口语交流,尽量避免翻译。23 【正确答案】 structure【试题解析】 认知心理学把语言结构和人们认知过程的本质相互联系在一起,即学习必须包含所学语言材料的组织(Learning should involve the organization of materials),
47、而学习过程应当是有结构的(Learning should be structured),这种结构给原先不可理解的部分赋予了意义。24 【正确答案】 Oral【试题解析】 口语法的教学技巧主要有:(1) 用情景介绍新句型(new sentence patterns presented in situations);(2) 操作练习(Drill-based practice);(3) 指导下的复述和替代练习(Guided repetition and substitution activities);(4) 听说、模仿和教师规定的以口语为基础的朗读和写作(Dictation, imitation
48、and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks)。25 【正确答案】 Cognitive【试题解析】 认知法认为,语言是一个意义系统(meaningful system),强调在理解的基础上有意识的学习语言(conscious acquisition),其依据的理论基础是认知理论和转换生成语法理论。26 【正确答案】 monitor【试题解析】 自然法奠基人克拉申提出了自我监测模式(Monitor Model),认为学得(learning)和习得(acquisition)在第二语言运用中的具体表现方式是不一样的,自我监测假设表明学得仅具有
49、一种功能,就是自我监测功能,它利用清楚的语法知识来确定要表达语言的形式。27 【正确答案】 children【试题解析】 乔姆斯基创建了转换生成语言学,认为儿童的大脑里生来就有一个语言习得机制(LAD:Language Acquisition Device),这一机制由一套通用语法规则组成,被称作通用语法(UG:Universal Grammar)。28 【正确答案】 meaning【试题解析】 大部分交际法的人都认为,语言是用来交际(for communication) 的,因而更重视意义(meaning),而不是结构(structure)。他们认为学习语言的最佳途径就是在社会环境(social context