2019届高考数学二轮复习中档大题满分练(三)数列A组.doc

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1、1中档大题满分练 3.数列(A 组)中档大题集训练,练就慧眼和规范,筑牢高考满分根基!1.已知公差不为 0 的等差数列a n的前 n 项和为 Sn,a1=a(aR),a 1,a2,a4成等比数列.(1)求数列a n的通项公式.(2)记 的前 n 项和为 An, 的前 n 项和为 Bn,当 n2 时,判断 An与 Bn的大小.【解析】(1)设a n的公差为 d,则由 a1,a2,a4成等比数列,得 a1=a0 且 =a1a4,所以(a 1+d)2=a1(a1+3d).因为 d0,所以解得 d=a1=a,所以 an=na.(2)由(1)得 Sn= ,所以 = .所以 An= ,又因为 =2n-1a

2、 = ,12-1所以 Bn= = .2(1-12)当 n2 时,2 n= + + 1+n0,2即 1- 0 时,A nBn.2.已知数列a n满足 an+1=2an+2n+1,且 a1=2.(1)证明:数列 是等差数列.2(2)设数列 cn= -log2 ,求数列c n的前 n 项和 Sn.【解析】(1)方法一: - = - = + - =1,且22+2+12+122+12+12+1=1.所以数列 是以 1 为首项,公差为 1 的等差数列.2方法二:由已知,a n+1=2an+2n+1两边除以 2n+1得 = +1,即 - =1,又 =1.所以数列 是以 1 为首项,公差为 1 的等差数列.2(2)由(1)得 =1+(n-1)1=n,故 an=n2n.所以 cn=2n-n.所以 Sn=c1+c2+c3+cn3=(21-1)+(22-2)+(23-3)+(2n-n)=(21+22+23+2n)-(1+2+3+n)= -=2n+1- -2.故数列c n的前 n 项和为 Sn=2n+1- -2.

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