1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS4511A AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS4511 REV. A Issued 1989-10 Revised 2
5、004-07 Reaffirmed 2012-02 Superseding AMS4511 Copper-Beryllium Alloy Castings 97Cu - 2.1Be - 0.52(Co + Ni) - 0.28Si Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated (TFOO) (Composition similar to UNS C82500) RATIONALE AMS4511A has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. 1. SCOPE: 1.1
6、Form: This specification covers a copper-beryllium alloy in the form of sand, investment, or centrifugal castings. 1.2 Application: These products have been used typically for small parts of intricate design requiring good corrosion resistance and high strength, but usage is not limited to such appl
7、ications. 1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials: While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibi
8、lity of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase o
9、rder forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. when the referenced document has been canceled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue
10、of that document shall apply. SAE AMS4511A Page 2 of 9 2.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or www.sae.org. AMS 2360 Room Temperature Tensile Properties of Castings AMS 2750 Pyrometry AMS 2804 Identification, Castings 2.2 ASTM Publications: Avai
11、lable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or www.astm.org. ASTM B 194 Test Methods for Determination of Compliance with Copper-Beryllium Alloys ASTM B 208 Preparing Tension Test Specimens for Copper Alloy Sand, Permanent Mold, Centrifugal and Continuous
12、Coatings ASTM E 8 Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E 8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials (Metric) ASTM E 18 Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E 272 Reference Radiographs for High-Strength Copper-Base and Nickel-Copper Alloy Castings ASTM E
13、478 Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys ASTM E 1417 Liquid Penetrant Examination ASTM E 1742 Radiographic Inspection 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: 3.1 Composition: Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1, determined by wet chemical methods in accordance with ASTM B 194/B 194M or ASTM
14、 E 478, by spectrochemical methods, or by other analytical methods acceptable to purchaser: SAE AMS4511A Page 3 of 9 TABLE 1 Composition Element (3.1.1) min max Beryllium 1.90 2.25 Cobalt + Nickel 0.35 0.70 Silicon 0.20 0.35 Iron - 0.25 Nickel - 0.20 Aluminum - 0.15 Chromium - 0.10 Tin - 0.10 Zinc -
15、 0.10 Lead - 0.02 Copper (3.1.2) remainder Sum of named elements (3.1.3) 99.5 3.1.1 These composition limits do not preclude the presence of other elements. Limits may be established and analysis required for unnamed elements by agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and purchaser. 3.1.2 Cop
16、per may be reported as “remainder”, or as the difference between the sum of results for all elements and 100%, or as the result of direct analysis. 3.1.3 When all of the elements in the table are analyzed, the sum shall be 99.5% minimum, but such determination is not required for routine acceptance
17、of each lot. 3.2 Condition: Solution and precipitation heat treated to the TF00 Temper (formerly AT) (See 8.3). 3.3 Casting: Castings shall be poured from a single furnace charge of not more than 2000 pounds (907 kg). The furnace charge may consist of virgin material, gates, sprues, risers, or other
18、 recycled material. Final composition shall be certifiable to the composition referenced in 3.1. 3.4 Heat Qualification: Each heat shall be qualified by chemical analysis and tensile specimens conforming to 3.4.1 and 3.4.2, respectively. Heat identity shall be maintained with all specimens and parts
19、 through all operations. 3.4.1 Chemical Analysis Specimens: Shall be cast from each heat and shall be of any convenient size, shape, and form. SAE AMS4511A Page 4 of 9 3.4.2 Tensile Specimens: Shall be of standard proportions in accordance with ASTM E 8 or ASTM E 8M. Subsize specimens proportional t
20、o the standard specimens may be used. Specimens shall be prepared from at least one casting from each lot from the most representative measure of the condition of the casting, if specimen location is not shown on the part drawing. Tensile specimens shall be prepared in accordance with ASTM B 208 or
21、with an 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) diameter at the reduced gage section, whichever is more representative of the casting as directed by the purchaser. Normally, bars are cast oversize and machined to size. Castings and separately-cast tensile specimens must be treated identically. 3.5 Heat Treatment: All
22、castings and representative tensile specimens shall be solution and precipitation heat treated according to 3.5.1 and 3.5.2, respectively, for acceptance according to 3.6.2 as being peak precipitation heat treated. Pyrometry shall be in accordance with AMS 2750. (See 8.2 for purchaser designed preci
23、pitation heat treatments for particular design requirements.) 3.5.1 Solution Heat Treating: All castings and tensile specimens shall be heated to 1400 to1475 F (760 to 802 C ), held at temperature for 15 to 60 minutes per inch (25 mm) of cross-sectional area but in no case for less than 15 minutes,
24、and quenched in cold water. 3.5.2 Precipitation Heat Treating: All castings and tensile specimens shall be heated to 625 to 675 F (330 to 357 C), held at heat for three hours 0.25, and air cooled. 3.6 Properties: Castings and representative tensile specimens shall conform to the following requiremen
25、ts: 3.6.1 Hardness As Solution Heat Treated: Shall not be higher than 80 HRB, or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM E 18. 3.6.2 As Precipitation Heat Treated: 3.6.2.1 Hardness: Should be not lower than 35 HRC, or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM E 18 but castings shall not
26、be rejected on the basis of hardness if the tensile property requirements of 3.6.2.2 are met. 3.6.2.2 Tensile Properties: Separately-cast tensile specimens, specimens cut from a casting or integrally-cast specimens shall have properties as follows, determined in accordance with ASTM E 8 or ASTM E 8M
27、: TABLE 2 Minimum Tensile Properties Properties Value Tensile Strength 150 ksi (1034 MPa) Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset 120 ksi ( 827 MPa) Elongation in 4D 2% SAE AMS4511A Page 5 of 9 3.6.2.2.1 When properties other than those of 3.6.2.2 are required, tensile specimens as in 3.4.2, taken from locati
28、ons indicated on the drawing, from a casting or castings chosen at random to represent the lot, shall have the properties indicated on the drawing for such specimens. Property requirements may be designated in accordance with AMS 2360. See 8.2 for thermal treatment. 3.6.2.3 Microstructure: When spec
29、ified, metallographic samples shall be prepared. Microstructure and grain size acceptance criteria shall be acceptable to purchaser. 3.7 Quality: 3.7.1 Castings, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials and from imperfections detrime
30、ntal to usage of the castings. 3.7.1.1 Castings shall have smooth surfaces and shall be sufficiently cleaned to permit inspection in accordance with ASTM E 1417. Standards for acceptance shall be as agreed upon by purchaser and vendor. Metallic shot or grit shall not be used for final cleaning. 3.7.
31、2 When castings are broken for fracture test, the fracture shall have uniform color and be substantially free from oxides and other imperfections. 3.7.3 Castings shall be produced under radiographic control. This shall consist of radiographic examination of castings in accordance with ASTM E 1742 un
32、til proper foundry technique, which will produce castings free from harmful internal imperfections, is established for each part number, and of production castings as necessary to ensure satisfactory quality. ASTM E 272 may be used to define radiographic acceptance standards. 3.7.4 When specified, c
33、astings shall be subjected to fluorescent penetrant inspection in accordance with ASTM E 1417. 3.7.5 Castings shall not be repaired by plugging, welding, or other methods without written permission from purchaser. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS: 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection: The vendor of cast
34、ings shall supply all samples for vendors tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the castings conform to the specified requirements. SAE AMS4511A Page 6 o
35、f 9 4.2 Classification of Tests: 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests: Except as specified in 4.2.1.1, composition (3.1), hardness (3.6.2.1), and tensile properties (3.6.2.2) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each lot of castings. 4.2.1.1 Tensile properties of specimens cut from castings shall be det
36、ermined only when specified by purchaser or when integrally-cast coupons or separately-cast specimens are not available. Tensile properties of integrally-cast coupons or separately-cast specimens need not be determined when tensile properties of specimens cut from castings are determined. 4.2.2 Prep
37、roduction Tests: All technical requirements are preproduction tests and shall be performed prior to or on the first-article shipment of a casting to a purchaser, when a change in ingredients and/or processing requires reapproval as in 4.4.2, and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be requir
38、ed. 4.3 Sampling and Testinq: Shall be performed on each heat and lot; a lot shall be all parts and specimens with the same part number, cast from the same heat, and heat treated at the same time. If more than one part number is prepared from the same heat, each lot must be individually tested, and
39、accepted. A heat is the metal poured from a single furnace charge of not more than 2000 pounds (907 kg). 4.3.1 One or more chemical analysis specimen(s) from each heat shall be analyzed in accordance with 3.4.1. 4.3.2 At least two castings from each lot shall be tested for hardness in accordance wit
40、h 3.6.2.1. 4.3.3 Sufficient castings of each part number shall be supplied in accordance with 4.4.1 to ensure that conformance to all requirements of the drawing and this specification can be tested. 4.3.4 One or more tensile specimen(s) in the precipitation heat treated condition shall be tested in
41、 accordance with 3.4.2. 4.4 Approval: 4.4.1 Sample castings from new or reworked master patterns and the casting procedure shall be approved by purchaser before castings for production use are supplied, unless such approval be waived by purchaser. SAE AMS4511A Page 7 of 9 4.4.2 Vendor shall establis
42、h, for production of sample castings of each part number, parameters for the process control factors which will produce acceptable castings; these shall constitute the approved casting procedure and shall be used for producing production castings. If necessary to make any change in parameters for th
43、e process control factors, vendor shall submit for reapproval a statement of the proposed changes in operations and, when requested, test specimens, sample castings, or both. Production castings incorporating the revised operations shall not be shipped prior to receipt of reapproval. 4.4.2.1 Control
44、 factors for producing tensile specimens and castings include, but are not limited to, the following: Type of furnace and its capacity Type and size of furnace charge Time molten metal is in furnace Furnace atmosphere Fluxing or deoxidation procedure Number of ladles used in pour Mold refractory for
45、mulation Mold back-up material Gating practices Mold preheat and metal pouring temperatures; variations of 25 F (14 C) from established limits are permissible Solidification and cooling procedures Solution and preecipitation heat treatment cycles Cleaning operations Methods of inspection 4.4.2.1.1 A
46、ny of the above process control factors for which parameters are considered proprietary by the vendor may be assigned a code designation. Each variation in such parameters shall be assigned a modified code designation. 4.5 Reports: The vendor of castings shall furnish with each shipment a report sho
47、wing the results of tests for chemical composition of each heat and the results of tests on each lot to determine conformance to the other technical requirements of this specification. When properties of specimens cut from castings are specified, the report shall include the results of tests to dete
48、rmine conformance to such requirements. This report shall include the purchase order number, heat number, lot number, AMS 4511A, part number, and quantity. 4.6 Resampling and Retesting: If any specimen used in the above tests fails to meet the specified requirements, disposition of the castings may
49、be based on the results of testing two additional specimens for each original nonconforming specimen. Failure of any retest specimen to meet the specified requirements shall be cause for rejection of the castings represented. SAE AMS4511A Page 8 of 9 5. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY: 5.1 Identification: Shall be in accordance with AMS 2804. 5.2 Packaging: Castings shall be prepared
