1、华东师范大学博士学位研究生入学考试英语真题 2014年及答案解析(总分：99.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Part I Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：15.00)1.Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very _. （分数：0.50）A.preciousB.rewardingC.worthD.challenging2.The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to _ himself.
2、（分数：0.50）A.spotB.locateC.placeD.situate3.The city has decided to _ smoking. （分数：0.50）A.do away withB.take awayC.get away withD.put away4.The old building is in a good state of _ except for the wooden floors. （分数：0.50）A.observationB.preservationC.conservationD.compensation5._ me most was that the you
3、ng boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet. （分数：0.50）A.That amazedB.It amazedC.Which amazedD.What amazed6.Recycling wastes slows down the rate _ which we use up the Earths finite resources. （分数：0.50）A.inB.ofC.withD.at7.Gasoline is _ by the spark plugs in the engine
4、. （分数：0.50）A.ignitedB.inspiredC.excitedD.illuminated8.The travelers _ their journey after a short break. （分数：0.50）A.recoveredB.resumedC.renewedD.restored9.Cultural _ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another. （分数：0.50）A.translationB.transitionC.transmission
5、D.transaction10.We must look beyond _ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing. （分数：0.50）A.justificationsB.illusionsC.manifestationsD.specifications11.No one imagined that the apparently _ businessman was really a criminal. （分数：0.50）A.respectiveB.respectableC.respectfulD.realistic12.Hurri
6、canes are killer winds, and their _ power lies in the physical damage they can do. （分数：0.50）A.cumulativeB.destructiveC.turbulentD.prevalent13.In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and _ in the classroom. （分数：0.50）A.skepticalB.faithfulC.obedientD.subsidiary14.After four years in the sa
7、me job his enthusiasm finally _. （分数：0.50）A.deterioratedB.dispersedC.dissipatedD.drained15.For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _ by a dictator. （分数：0.50）A.depressedB.immersedC.oppressedD.cursed16.Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been _ towards produ
8、cing workers. （分数：0.50）A.harnessedB.hatchedC.motivatedD.geared17.The prospect of increased prices has already _ worries. （分数：0.50）A.provokedB.irritatedC.inspiredD.hoisted18.You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it _ undrinkable by now. （分数：0.50）A.becameB.had becomeC.has becomeD.becom
9、es19.Codes are a way of writing something in secret; _, anyone who doesnt know the code will not be able to read it. （分数：0.50）A.that isB.worse stillC.in shortD.on the other hand20.Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses _. （分数：0.50）A.in betweenB.among themC.far apart
10、D.from each other21.Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially _ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task. （分数：0.50）A.oneB.the oneC.thatD.such22.You cant be _ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case. （分数：0.50）A.veryB.
11、quiteC.tooD.so23.The ratio of the work done by the machine _ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine. （分数：0.50）A.againstB.withC.toD.for24._ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time. （分数：0.50）A.In case ofB.In spite ofC.Because ofD.But for25.I _ to him because
12、 he phoned me shortly afterwards. （分数：0.50）A.ought to have writtenB.must have writtenC.couldnt have writtenD.neednt have written26.No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; _ is this more true than in Europe. （分数：0.50）A.hardlyB.littleC.seldomD.nowhere27._in the
13、past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for the wedding gown. （分数：0.50）A.Unpopular has as white beenB.White has been as unpopularC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular as white has been28._for a long time, the fields are all dried up. （分数：0.50）A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There ha
14、ving been no rainD.There being no rain29.Josephs car has a flat tire. now is to walk to the nearest telephone. （分数：0.50）A.That he can doB.All what he can doC.All that he can doD.He can do something30.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment_. （分数：0.50）A.which they are ha
15、ppeningB.they are happeningC.which they happenD.they have happened二、Part Cloze (20%)(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Whydoesacompanywantto31itsmoneywithotherpeople?Thereareseveralreasons.First,thecompanymay32verywell.Itmayneedmoneyto33.Bysellingsharesof34,thecompanycangetthemoneyitneeds.Sometimes,itis35forthecompany
16、togopublicfortaxreasons.Becauseofthetax36,thecompanymaysavemoneyontaxesbysellingsharesonthestockexchange.Sometimes,acompanymayowealotofmoney37banks.Bysellingsharesofstock,itmaybeabletopaythebanks.Manycompaniessellstockforthisreason.However,thereasonswhycompaniesselltheirstocksonthestockexchangeareof
17、ten38.Ingeneral,allcompanies39sellsharesofstockonthestockexchangeneedto40moneyforonereasonoranother. Investors41buysharesofstockinacompanymaymakemoneyintwoways.Theymaybegintomakemoney42.Supposethatapersoninvestsinacompany,andthecompanymakesmoney.Thecompanysharesthismoneywiththe43.Thismoneythatisshar
18、ediscalleda44.Dividendsareusuallysenttoinvestorsonceeverythreemonthswhilethey45thestock.Asecondwaythatinvestorsmay46istosellthestockatahigherpricethanthey47whentheyboughtit.The48ofeachshareofstockgoesupifthecompanydoeswell.Itmayalso49formanyotherreasons.Butwhenitdoesgoup,apersonmaysellitandmakea50.（
19、分数：20.00）A.distractB.permeateC.shareD.recedeA.have doneB.be doingC.doD.have been doingA.perplexB.dominateC.integrateD.expandA.stakeB.stockC.stalkD.stackA.potentialB.advantageousC.sensitiveD.actualA.utilitiesB.contributionsC.earningsD.lawsA.toB.forC.onD.fromA.complexB.essentialC.comprehensiveD.unders
20、tandableA.whatB.thatC.whichD.whileA.locateB.admitC.proclaimD.raiseA.whoB.whichC.untilD.ifA.by mistakeB.to dateC.on earthD.right awayA.observerB.directorC.investorD.instructorA.tuitionB.postageC.tipD.dividendA.offerB.ownC.convinceD.equipA.sell moneyB.share moneyC.take moneyD.make moneyA.confrontedB.e
21、xtractedC.spilledD.paidA.priceB.investmentC.costD.valueA.tighten upB.stock upC.go upD.stir upA.profitB.benefitC.awardD.input三、PartReadingComprehe(总题数：5，分数：24.00)(1) OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizet
22、hatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoonesside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell. ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gif
23、t”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarmslengthawayfromothers.LatinosandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable. Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,ge
24、stures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld. EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushave
25、translations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem. Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Thenattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenativesu
26、suallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenationsdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters. Formanyyears,Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytop
27、layamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.（分数：5.00）(1).ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably_. （分数：1.00）A.stand stillB.jump asideC.step forwardD.draw back(2)
28、.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir_. （分数：1.00）A.cultural self-centerednessB.casual mannersC.indifference towards foreign visitorsD.arrogance towards other cultures(3).IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans_. （分数：1.00）A.are isolated by the local peopleB.are not well informed d
29、ue to the language barrierC.tendtogetalongwellwiththenativesD.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants(4).Accordingtotheauthor,Americansculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill_. （分数：1.00）A.affect their image in the new eraB.cut themselves off from the outside worldC.limit their role in world affai
30、rsD.weaken the position of the US dollar(5).TheauthorsintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat_. （分数：1.00）A.it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB.it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC.it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD.it
31、 is time to get acquainted with other cultures(2) YourfriendsmightbeinAustraliaormaybejustdowntheroad,buttheyarealljustafewclicksaway.Lifehaschangedformillionsofteenagersacrosstheworldwhonowmakefriendsonline.Whetheryouusechatrooms,QQ,MSNorICQ,youarepartofavirtualcommunity. “Irarelytalkwithmyparentso
32、rgrandparents,butItalkalotwithmyoldfriendsonQQ,”saidFoxsShadow,theonlinenicknameusedbyaSenior2girlinChina.“EightypercentofmyclassmatesuseQQafterschool.” QQisthebiggestmessagingserviceinChina.Arecordshows4millionpeopleuseditoneSaturdaynightinOctober,accordingtoTencent,thecompanywhichdevelopedQQ. AndF
33、oxsShadowmightwellhavebeenoneofthem.“IloginonFridaynights,andSaturdaysorSundayswhenIfeelbored.Iusuallyspendabout10hourschattingonlineeveryweek,”shesaid.“ButIrarelytalkwithstrangers,especiallyboysormen.” Eventhoughshelikeschatting,sheiscarefulaboutmakingfriendswithstrangersonline.“Youdontknowwhoyoure
34、talkingto.Youshouldalwaysbecarefulaboutwhoyoutrustonline.” Manypeoplewouldliketomeetofflinewhentheyfeeltheyhavegottoknowsomeoneverywell.FoxsShadowoncemetoneofheronlinefriendsfacetoface.Itwasagirlwhowasacomicfanlikeherselfandtheywenttoacomicshowtogether. However,notallteenagershavebeensofortunate.Att
35、hebeginningofthisyear,a17-year-oldgirlinLiaoningProvincewasrapedaftermeetingafriendshehadfoundonQQ.Thecriminalwasntcaughtuntillastmonth. A16-year-oldBeijingboy,knownonlineasBartSimon,dislikesQQusers.“IusedtochatonQQ,butIfoundthatmostpeopleweretalkingnonsense,”hesaid.NowhechatsonlineinEnglish,usingMS
36、N.“IonlychatonlinebecauseIvegotfriendsinJapan,theUSandSingapore,”hesaid. “Iwanttolearnmoreaboutforeigncultures.”Buthespendslittletimechattingasheseesitawasteoftimeandmoney. “Ifyouarereallyaddictedtoit,sometimesyoujustcantconcentrateinclass,”hesaid.“Andthefriendsinyourreallifearealwaysmoreimportantth
37、anthoseso-calledfriendsyoumeetonline.（分数：5.00）(1).Thispassagecenterson_. （分数：1.00）A.teenagers making friends onlineB.the advantages of the InternetC.the functions of chat rooms, QQ, MSN, or ICQD.the internet changing your life(2).WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutFoxsShadow? （分数：1.00）A.She often talks w
38、ith her relatives on QQ.B.She has a strong sense of self-protection.C.She is a senior at college.D.She logs in every night.(3).Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? （分数：1.00）A.People, both old and young, like to get online.B.Girls prefer QQ better than boys.C.There is no danger for male QQ users, even if
39、 they meet each other.D.QQ users like to talk face to face after sometime of intercourse online.(4).WhatisNottheBeijingboysopinionofchattingonline? （分数：1.00）A.He cant practice oral English if he uses QQ.B.Chatting online with Chinese friends is a waste of time and money.C.Most topics for conversatio
40、n on QQ are meaningless.D.He can learn foreign cultures through MSN.(5).Thispassagemaybea _. （分数：1.00）A.a lectureB.an essayC.a reportD.an editorial(3) Whatmostpeopledontrealizeisthatwealthisntthesameasincome.Ifyoumake$1millionayearandspend$1million,yourenotgettingwealthier,yourejustlivinghigh.Wealth
41、iswhatyouaccumulate,notwhatyouspend. Themostsuccessfulaccumulatorsofwealthspendfarlessthantheycanaffordonhouses,cars,vacationsandentertainment.Why?Becausethesethingsofferlittleornoreturn.Thewealthywouldratherputtheirmoneyintoinvestmentsortheirbusinesses.Itsanattitude. Millionairesunderstandthatwheny
42、oubuyaluxuryhouse,youbuyaluxurylifestyletoo.Yourpropertytaxesskyrocket,alongwiththecostofutilitiesandinsurance,andthepricesofnearbyservices,suchasgrocerystores,tendtobehigher. Therichmansattitudecanalsobeseeninhiscar.Manydriveoldunpretentioussedans.SamWalton,billionairefounderoftheWal-MartStore,Inc.
43、,droveapickuptruck. Mostmillionairesmeasuresuccessbynetworth,notincome.Insteadoftakingtheirmoneyhome,theyplowasmuchastheycanintotheirbusinesses,stockportfoliosandotherassets.Why?Becausethegovernmentdoesnttaxwealth;ittaxesincomeyoubringhomeforconsumption,themorethegovernmenttaxes. Thepersonwhopilesup
44、networthfastesttendstoputeverydollarhecanintoinvestments,notconsumption.Allthewhile,ofcourse,hesreinvestinghisearningsfrominvestmentsandwatchinghisnetworthsoar.Thatstheattitudeaswell. Thebestwealth-builderspaycarefulattentiontotheirmoneyandseekprofessionaladvice.Thosewhospendheavilyoncars,boatsandbu
45、ses,Ivefound,tendtoskimponinvestmentadvice.Thosewhoskimpontheluxuriesareusuallymorewillingtopaytopdollarforgoodlegalandfinancialadvice. Theself-maderichdevelopcleargoalsfortheirmoney.Theymaywishtoretireearly,ortheymaywanttoleaveanestatetotheirchildren.Thegoalsvary,buttwothingsareconsistent:theyhavea
46、dollarfigureinmind-theamounttheywanttosavebyage50,perhaps-andtheyworkunceasinglytowardthatgoal. Onethingmaysurpriseyou.Ifyoumakewealth-notjustincome-yourgoal,theluxuryhouseyouvebeendreamingaboutwontseemsoalluring.Youllhavetheattitude.（分数：5.00）(1).Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue? （分数：1.00）A.Wealt
47、h is judged according to the life style one has.B.Inheritance builds an important part in ones wealth.C.High income may make one live high and get rich t the same time.D.Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else.(2).Bytheauthorsopinion,thosewhospendmoneyonluxuryhousesandcars_. （分数：1.00）
48、A.will not be taxed by the governmentB.have accumulated wealth in another senseC.live high and have little savedD.can show that they are among the rich(3).Therichputtheirmoneyintobusinessbecause_. （分数：1.00）A.they can get much in return to build their wealthB.they are not interested in luxury houses
49、and carsC.their goal is to develop their companyD.that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government(4).TheU.S.governmentdoesnttaxwhatyouspendmoneyon_. （分数：1.00）A.carsB.housesC.stockD.boats(5).Tobecomewealthy,oneshould_. （分数：1.00）A.seek as much income as he canB.work hard unceasin
