1、华中科技大学考博英语-试卷 7 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)The most famous painter in Victorias history is Emily Carr. When she was a child, she discovered that walking in the woods【C1】_more to her than playing with other children, and that she was more interested in【C2】_the streets of old Vic
2、toria than playing at home with【C3】_and spending her time making up. Emily was a cute little girl who spent【C4】_of her childhood in Beacon Hill Park, 【C5】_was very close to her home. Drawing【C6】_her, and she also liked to play with the pets. She had ducks and chickens, and even【C7】_a monkey. She was
3、【C8】_interested in the First Nations people and the Chinese people she saw in Victorias Chinatown. Their culture and way of dressing seemed so【C9】_from her own. As she became a young, strong and【C10】_woman, Emily began to go on long trips into the forests to【C11】_and draw what she saw. She loved the
4、 free and simple【C12】_of the First Nations people. In the summer of 1895 she went on【C13】_with two other women to 【C14】_the wilderness along the Cowichan River that runs through Duncan, 【C15】_north of Victoria. She knew more about their lifestyle and the forests of B. C. than【C16】_other European wom
5、an. When you look at her paintings, you can sense the【C17】_of these dark, mysterious forests. Her paintings are now very famous and, 【C18】_the dark colors may not be attractive to some people, they【C19】_the beauty and mystery of the deep woods and the skill of a great artist. Emily was a very brave
6、and independent woman. She walked through the woods alone, even though she knew that bears and wolves might be her only【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.attractedB.appealedC.alluredD.induced(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.dashingB.strollingC.joggingD.roaming(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.friendsB.matesC.dollsD.parents(4).
7、【C4】（分数：2.00）A.muchB.lotsC.moreD.many(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.whichC.sinceD.it(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.fascinatedB.bewilderedC.capturedD.indulged(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.fedB.domesticatedC.trainedD.confined(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.particularlyB.almostC.constantlyD.intrinsically(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.diverseB.variousC.di
8、stinctD.outstanding(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.specialB.independentC.lonelyD.unaided(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.paintB.recordC.describeD.take(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.societyB.workC.lifestyleD.pace(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.an adventureB.an exploitationC.a tourD.an expedition(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.checkB.exploreC.examineD.sea
9、rch(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.onlyB.justC.muchD.in(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.anyB.someC.certainD.none(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.moodB.toneC.tasteD.atmosphere(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.otherwiseC.thoughD.but(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.evokeB.arouseC.remindD.raise(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.enemiesB.foodsC.companionsD.friends二、Reading
10、 Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a plateau in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently am
11、id tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonalds to attract customers with a 55 cent hamburger, and major players
12、 pulling out or selling. OPepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC. “Its becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow,“ said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. “I think in the United States fast
13、food has reached a saturation(饱和)point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets. “ Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 percent in 1996, according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is for cry from(大不相同于)the levels of the 1970s and 1980s. Acco
14、rding to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 percent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 percent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997. “ Consumers have never been more
15、demanding than they are today,“ said Michael Sansolo, senior vice president of the Supermarket Trade Group. “They are pressed for time. Money is still an issue. but their tastes are increasingly diversewhether its gourmet foods, ethnic foods or organic offerings. “ Meanwhile, the aging of the baby-b
16、oom populationand the growth in the number of so-called “empty nesters“ with grown childrenhas meant a surge in the number of people willing to spend more for upscale items. This generation “will have the luxury of being more discriminating“ as their children leave home, notes Harry Baker, vice pres
17、ident of the Chicago-based NPD consulting group. Balzer said some 18 million baby boomers will become empty-nesters in the next 10 years, leaving them with more disposable income to spend on dining out. “ Fast and cheap will still be driving factors. . , but our definitions of fast and cheap may be
18、changing. “ Various reports suggest industry leader McDonalds is struggling, losing market share, with lower same-store sales while cutting back the number of new outlets in the United States, partly due to pressure from franchisers who dont want to be squeezed. The company replaced the head of its
19、12, 000 US restaurant chain last October amid a slump in US market share.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the passage mainly tell about?（分数：2.00）A.Fast food disappoints consumers.B.People prefer less expensive food.C.McDonalds dominates the market of fast food.D.Fast food is losing its attraction.(2).What ca
20、n we learn from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.OPepsico goes bankrupt.B.The number of supermarkets doubles.C.Jim Brown takes a negative attitude towards the development of fast food.D.McDonalds survives from the competition with retail food stores.(3).What is NOT true about baby-boom generation?（分数：2.00）A.T
21、hey seek a variety of food.B.They have come of age.C.They will spend more money on food.D.They tend to have luxurious food.(4).Which of the following is not mentioned as an influence on peoples choices of food?（分数：2.00）A.Speed and price of the food.B.Diversity of the food.C.Tastes of the consumers.D
22、.Age of the consumers.(5).What brings trouble to fast food industry?（分数：2.00）A.Customers demand and competition with retailers.B.The aging baby-boomer and diversity of food.C.Competition with retailers and diversity of food.D.Customers demand and the aging of baby-boomer.Parents of wailing(哀号)babies
23、, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question man
24、y biologists are trying to answer. Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “ It may point researchers in the right direction to find the cause of excessive crying,“ said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista. Flo
25、rida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on gene
26、s. Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention. Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous
27、. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements. Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements m
28、ay not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment. The babies of monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean(断奶)them. The mothers, in r
29、esponse, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms. “ Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,“ said Dado Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago. “But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more
30、 skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses. “ Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to
31、them, but when you pick them up, they stop,“ Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable. “ Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry. “ Maestripieri said.
32、 “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own. “（分数：10.00）(1).What can be the most probable title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Parents Bothered by Babies CryB.Infants Crying for Parents AttentionC.Clues from Animals on Why Babies CryD.False Cry(2).Which of the fol
33、lowing statement is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Scientists discovered why animal infants cry.B.The difference in the amount of childrens cry is somewhat due to genes.C.Babies have a violent reaction to the mothers ignorance.D.Chimpanzees annoyance can hardly be alleviated.(3).What is im
34、plied in Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Children with truthful cry may eventually draw their mothers attention.B.Noisy infants are preferred by their mothers for their health and strength.C.Mothers would rather nurse the obedient babies.D.Mothers tend to ignore the deceitful cry.(4).How do the parents respo
35、nd to babies cry?（分数：2.00）A.They come to doubt it.B.They take it seriously.C.They are indifferent to it.D.They are weary of it.(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as the reason for babies cry?（分数：2.00）A.Discomfort.B.Hungry.C.Consolation.D.Thirsty.Whenever I hear a weather repo
36、rt declaring its the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever“ really means “as long as the records go back“ , which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, thoughnot for individual dates, but they
37、can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today. And in the most comprehensi
38、ve compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and do
39、wn of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the globalwarming-doubters crowd. The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia(hes the creator of the “hockey stick“ graph AI Gore used in “An Inconvenient Tr
40、uth“ to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand yearsthat led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhel
41、mingly supported by the data. But the past 400 wasso resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures ale unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if theres any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimat
42、e, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on. In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone f
43、rom “it isnt happening“ to “its happening, but its natural“ , to “its mostly natural“ and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed. Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did n
44、othing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however, is a much less settled question.（分数：10.00）(1).What does this passage mainly deal w
45、ith?（分数：2.00）A.The tendency of earths becoming hotter.B.The assessment of earths temperature.C.The menace of global warming.D.The measurement of tackling global warming.(2).What is “proxy measurement“ in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Studying the characteristics of glaciers.B.Measuring t
46、he growth signs of aquatic organism.C.Taking advantage of previous pictures.D.Using clues left from the past.(3).What does the report from NRC indicate?（分数：2.00）A.The earth will become warmer.B.It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Manns assertion.C.The earth reaches the highest temperature in the hi
47、story.D.The proxy measurements are reliable.(4).Which statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?（分数：2.00）A.The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Manns claim.B.Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.C.Tho
48、se suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.D.The argument ends in the defeat of global-warning-doubters.(5).What is the authors attitude towards global warming theory?（分数：2.00）A.Negative.B.Indifferent.C.Favorable.D.Neutral.A proposed Russian ban on European Union meat e
49、xports could jeopardize Russias aspirations to join the World Trade organization next year, the EU trade commissioner, Peter Mandelson, warned Friday. He warned that several of the 25 EU member states were growing weary of Russias trade tactics and could move to block its WTO bid. He emphasized that the European Union supported Russias WTO accession in principle and that he did not want to link the Russian meat ban to Russias WTO prospect
