1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理评价及答案解析(总分：75.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Guitar strings often go “dead“become less responsive and bright in toneafter a few weeks of intense use. A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were res
2、ponsible.Which of the following investigations is most likely to yield significant information that would help to evaluate the researchers hypothesis?（分数：5.00）A.Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists.B.Detennining whether classical guitarists make their
3、 strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists.C.Detennining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars.D.Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound.E.(E) Determining whethe
4、r smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead.2.Although custom prosthetic bone replacements produced through a new computer-aided design process will cost more than twice as much as ordinary replacements, custom replacements should still be cost-effective. Not only will
5、 surgery and recovery time be reduced, but custom replacements should last longer, thereby reducing the need for further hospital stays.Which of the following must be studied in order to evaluate the argument presented above?（分数：5.00）A.The amount of time a patient spends in surgery versus the amount
6、 of time spent recovering from surgery.B.The amount by which the cost of producing custom replacements has declined with the introduction of the new technique for producing them.C.The degree to which the use of custom replacements is likely to reduce the need for repeat surgery when compared with th
7、e use of ordinary replacements.D.The degree to which custom replacements produced with the new technique are more carefully manufactured than are ordinary replacements.E.(E) The amount by which custom replacements produced with the new technique will drop in cost as the production procedures become
8、standardized and applicable on a larger scale.3.During the last hunting season, twice as many people were hit by cars while walking on public sidewalks as were hurt in hunting accidents in the woods. Therefore, during the last hunting season, people were safer in the woods than they were while walki
9、ng on public sidewalks.In evaluating the argument above, it would be most important to know（分数：5.00）A.the likelihood that during the next hunting season fewer people will be hurt in hunting accidents in the woods than were hurt during the last hunting season.B.the ratio during last hunting season of
10、 people who walked on public sidewalks to people who were in the woods.C.how many of the people hurt in hunting accidents during the last hunting season had been hurt in similar accidents in the past.D.how many of the accidents could have been avoided if the drivers of the cars or the hunters who fi
11、red the guns had been more careful.E.(E) how many people, on average, are hurt in hunting accidents in the woods when it is not hunting season.4.Sleep deprivation is a known cause of workplace error, and many physicians frequently go without sleep for periods of 24 hours or more. However, few of the
12、se physicians have, in the course of a routine examination by a peer, been diagnosed with sleep deprivation. So there is little cause for concern that habitual sleep deprivation will cause widespread physician error.The answer to which of the following questions would be most helpful in evaluating t
13、he argument?（分数：5.00）A.Do physicians who have been diagnosed with sleep disorders also show signs of other ills not related to sleep deprivation?B.Is the ability to recognize the symptoms of sleep deprivation in others significantly impaired by habitual sleep deprivation?C.Do factors other than habi
14、tual sleep deprivation ever lead to errors in the workplace on the part of physicians?D.Of people who have recently been treated by physicians, what percentage believe that many physicians have occasionally suffered from sleep deprivation?E.(E) Is the incidence of sleep deprivation higher among phys
15、icians than it is among other health care workers?5.College librarian: Until three years ago, nonstudents used the library without charge. Then, because of our decreased budget, they were asked to pay $100 per year. Nevertheless, about 150 nonstudents still use the library without paying. We will th
16、erefore gain financially if we hire a guard to identify nonstudents and ensure that they have paid the fee.Which of the following would it be most important to know in order to evaluate the librarians conclusion?（分数：5.00）A.The number of students who use the library annually.B.The librarys budget thi
17、s year.C.Whether the library has installed an expensive computerized cataloging system.D.How much the librarys budget was decreased three years ago.E.(E) The annual cost to the library of hiring a guard.6.The cost of the average computer logic device is falling at the rate of 25 percent per year, an
18、d the cost of the average computer memory device at the rate of 40 percent per year. It can be concluded that if these rates of cost decline remain constant for a period of three years, at the end of that time the cost of the average computer memory device will have declined by a greater amount than
19、 the Cost of the average computer logic device.Accurate information about which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the correctness of the conclusion above?（分数：5.00）A.The number of logic devices and memory devices projected to be purchased during the next three years.B.The actual pri
20、ces charged for the average computer logic device and the average computer memory device.C.The compatibility of different manufacturers logic devices and memory devices.D.The relative durability of logic devices and memory devices.E.(E) The average number of logic devices and memory devices needed f
21、or an average computer system.7.The United States is not usually thought of as a nation of parakeet lovers. Yet in a census of parakeet owners in selected comparable countries, the United States ranked second, with eleven parakeet owners per hundred people. The conclusion can be drawn from this that
22、 people in the United States are more likely to own parakeets than are people in most other countries.Knowledge of which of the following would be most useful in judging the accuracy of the conclusion?（分数：5.00）A.The number of parakeets in the United States.B.The number of parakeet owners in the Unit
23、ed States.C.The number of parakeet owners per hundred people in the country that ranked first in the census.D.The number of parakeet owners in the United States compared to the numbers of owners of other pet birds in the United States.E.(E) The numbers of parakeet owners per hundred people in the co
24、untries not included in the census.8.Science Academy study: It has been demonstrated that with natural methods, some well-managed farms are able to reduce the amounts of synthetic fertilizer and pesticide and also of antibiotics they use without necessarily decreasing yields; in some cases yields ca
25、n be increased.Critics: Not so. The farms the academy selected to study were the ones that seemed most likely to be successful in using natural methods. What about the farmers who have tried such methods and failed?Which one of the following is the most adequate evaluation of the logical force of th
26、e critics response?（分数：5.00）A.Success and failure in farming are rarely due only to luck, because farming is the management of chance occurrences.B.The critics show that the result of the study would have been different if twice as many farms had been studied.C.The critics assume without justificati
27、on that the failures were not due to soil quality.D.The critics demonstrate that natural methods are not suitable for the majority of farmers.E.(E) The issue is only to show that something is possible, so it is not relevant whether the instances studied were representative.9.The facts show that the
28、fear of flying in airplanes is not rational. In 1986 alone, there were 46,000 fatalities in highway accidents, but from 1980 to the present an average of only 77 per year in accidents on major domestic airlines. The rate for regional airlines was only slightly higher.If the evidence cited above is a
29、ccurate, which of the following would be most important to know in order to evaluate the force of that evidence?（分数：5.00）A.Whether repeated airplane travel allays fear of flying in airplanes.B.Whether regional and domestic airlines spend the same average amount of time per aircraft on maintenance.C.
30、How many people reported a fear of flying in airplanes that was strong enough to prevent them from traveling by air.D.How many people per year have traveled by highway and how many by air since 1980.E.(E) How much higher the accident rate has been for regional airlines than for major domestic airlin
31、es since 1980.10.According to a recent survey, marriage is fattening. Cited as evidence is the surveys finding that the average woman gains 23 pounds and the average man gains 18 pounds during 13 years of marriage.The answer to which of the following questions would be most relevant in evaluating th
32、e reasoning presented in the survey?（分数：5.00）A.Why was the period of time studied in the survey 13 years, rather than 12 or 14?B.Did some of the men surveyed gain less than 18 pounds during the time they were married?C.How much weight is gained or lost in 13 years by single people of comparable age
33、to those surveyed?D.Were the women surveyed as active as the men surveyed, at the time the survey was made?E.(E) Will the reported gains be maintained over the lifetimes of the persons surveyed?11.Since minors should not smoke, the proposed law prohibiting cigarette sales to minors is reasonable. Ho
34、wever, the proposed ban on cigarette vending machines is like installing a roadblock to apprehend the one person in a hundred who drives without a license. A roadblock stops everyone, not just those who break the law.The answer to which of the following questions would be most important in evaluatin
35、g the objection above to a ban on cigarette vending machines?（分数：5.00）A.Do cigarette vending machines malfunction more frequently than do food vending machines?B.Are there current laws that prohibit the sale to minors of materials intended only for adults?C.Would an increase in taxes on cigarette sa
36、les help deter minors from purchasing cigarettes?D.Would a ban on cigarette vending machines inconvenience a significant number of cigarette-buying adults?E.(E) Are items more expensive when sold from a vending machine than when sold in retail stores?12.The results of a recent poll in the United Sta
37、tes indicate that the public, by 80 percent to 17 percent, opposes relaxation of existing regulation of air pollution. Furthermore, not a single major segment of the public wants environmental laws made less strict. The results of this poll reveal that legislators, by voting for renewal of the Clean
38、 Air Act, will be responsive to the will of the public without alienating any significant special-interest groups.Which of the following pieces of information would be most useful in evaluating the logic of the argument presented above?（分数：5.00）A.The groups in the population that were defined as maj
39、or segments of the public and the groups defined as specialinterest groups.B.The length of time that current federal environmental laws have been in effect and the length of time that states have regulated air pollution.C.The probable economic effect of renewal of the Clean Air Act on those opposed
40、to and those in favor of relaxing environmental laws.D.The people whom the author hopes to influence by citing the results of the poll.E.(E) The percentage of those surveyed who chose not to respond to the questions asked of them.13.Hardin argued that grazing land held in common (that is, open to an
41、y user) would always be used less carefully than private grazing land. Each rancher would be tempted to overuse common land because the benefits would accrue to the individual, while the costs of reduced land quality that results from overuse would be spread among all users. But a study comparing 21
42、7 million acres of common grazing land with 433 million acres of private grazing land showed that the common land was in better condition.The answer to which of the following questions would be most useful in evaluating the significance, in relation to Hardins claim, of the study described above?（分数
43、：5.00）A.Did any of the ranchers whose land was studied use both common and private land?B.Did the ranchers whose land was studied tend to prefer using common land over using private land for grazing?C.Was the private land that was studied of comparable quality to the common land before either was us
44、ed for grazing?D.Were the users of the common land that was studied at least as prosperous as the users of the private land?E.(E) Were there any owners of herds who used only common land, and no private land, for grazing?14.In the aftermath of a worldwide stock-market crash, Country T claimed that t
45、he severity of the stock-market crash it experienced resulted from the accelerated process of denationalization many of its industries underwent shortly before the crash.Which of the following, if it could be carried out, would be most useful in an evaluation of Country Ts assessment of the causes o
46、f the severity of its stock-market crash?（分数：5.00）A.Calculating the average loss experienced by individual traders in Country T during the crash.B.Using economic theory to predict the most likely date of the next crash in Country T.C.Comparing the total number of shares sold during the worst days of
47、 the crash in Country T to the total number of shares sold in Country T just prior to the crash.D.Comparing the severity of the crash in Country T to the severity of the crash in countries otherwise economically similar to Country T that have not experienced recent denationalization.E.(E) Comparing
48、the long-term effects of the crash on the purchasing power of the currency of Country T to the immediate, more severe short-term effects of the crash on the purchasing power of the currency of Country T.15.The Planning Committee has decided in favor of redeveloping the citys western district and has
49、 issued a report that argues for the feasibility of such redevelopment. Lesley Johnston serves as a member of the Planning Committee and has done so from the committees inception. Therefore it cannot be true that Johnston opposes redeveloping the western district.The answer to which of the following questions would most help in evaluating the argument above?（分数：5.00）A.Did the feasibility report include information compiled by independent consultants rather than by members of the committee?B.Do the committees decisions require the unanimous support of its members?C.Has Johnston se
