1、考研英语 25 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical energy used in the production of that
2、product. When 1 in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firms 2 to the national economy. It is a more 3 index, of course, than 4 sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells 5 about production costs and 6 the manufacturing firm is 7 at a profit or
3、 at a loss. In education there is now a spirited 8 as to whether such a concept would not be most 9 for college graduates is evidently 10 in the salaries they can command 11 receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command 12 salaries upon graduation and by impli
4、cation, there must be an 13 value added to their marketability 14 the education and training they 15 in college. When looked at more closely, 16 ,the missing factor is 17 the difference between learner capabilities 18 to their educational experiences and graduate capabilities after 19 a college degr
5、ee. In brief, how much does the student 20 from the instruction he or she has received? （分数：1.00）(1). In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical ene
6、rgy used in the production of that product. When 1 in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firms 2 to the national economy. It is a more 3 index, of course, than 4 sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells 5 about production costs and 6 the man
7、ufacturing firm is 7 at a profit or at a loss. In education there is now a spirited 8 as to whether such a concept would not be most 9 for college graduates is evidently 10 in the salaries they can command 11 receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command 12 sa
8、laries upon graduation and by implication, there must be an 13 value added to their marketability 14 the education and training they 15 in college. When looked at more closely, 16 ,the missing factor is 17 the difference between learner capabilities 18 to their educational experiences and graduate c
9、apabilities after 19 a college degree. In brief, how much does the student 20 from the instruction he or she has received? （分数：0.05）A.concludedB.computedC.conductedD.countedA.creationB.distributionC.contributionD.donationA.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothingA.thatB.whyC.whetherD.becauseA.operat
10、ingB.managingC.executingD.maintainingA.argumentB.debateC.quarrelD.disturbanceA.delightfulB.distinctiveC.appropriateD.acceptableA.reflectedB.embodiedC.embracedD.indicatedA.overB.uponC.aboutD.beforeA.plentifulB.extensiveC.abundantD.impressiveA.appreciableB.applicableC.essentialD.inherentA.inB.fromC.wi
11、thD.byA.realisticB.specificC.elasticD.economicA.persuedB.awardedC.receivedD.enjoyedA.thereforeB.howeverC.moreoverD.thereafterA.curiouslyB.graciouslyC.dubiouslyD.obviouslyA.superiorB.interiorC.priorD.inferiorA.earningB.grantingC.conferringD.offeringA.attainB.benefitC.rewardD.favorA.retailB.readyC.net
12、D.gross二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Outline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the project 3) my suggestionOutline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the project 3) my suggestion（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Half the worlds population will be speaking or learning English by 20
13、15, researchers say. Two billion people are expected to start learning English within a decade and three billion will speak it,says a British Council estimate. Other languages, such as French, risk becoming the casualties of this “linguistic globalization“. But the boom will be over by 2050 and the
14、English-language teaching industry will have become a victim of its own success, says David Graddol, author of the report, The Future of English. Mr. Graddols research was based on a computer model developed to estimate demand for English-language teaching around the world. The lecturer, who has wor
15、ked in education and language studies at the Open University for the past 25 years, said the model charted likely student numbers through to 2050. It was compiled by looking at various estimates from the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) on education provision,
16、demographic projections, government education policies and international student mobility figures. The impact of educational innovations and other developments affecting the world population including the Chinese governments policy of one baby per family were also factored in. Based on its findings,
17、 Mr. Graddol has predicted that the world is about to be hit by a tidal wave of English. “Many governments, especially in countries which have relatively recently gained independence, are introducing the teaching of English under a utilitarian banner.“ “But English predominates in the business world
18、, and for such countries to be able to compete for work, including lucrative (profitable) outsourcing contracts, English is being pushed heavily from kindergarten on.“ The potential bonanza (source of wealth) on offer from outsourcing means even maths and science are being taught in English at secon
19、dary schools in Malaysia. But demand for English teaching would drop as children progress through academia, and more universities across the world choose to teach in the language. Mr. Graddol also estimated that the boom would be over by 2050. “English-language students will be down from two billion
20、 to 500 million then,“ he said,“ Increasingly, as English spread across the globe,more people will become bilingual, even multi-lingual and such skills are highly prized in business. But Britain has not got the best reputation for learning other languages.“ The report also showed that English was no
21、t the only language spreading, and the world, far from being dominated by English, was to become more multi-lingual. Mr. Graddol said,“ Chinese, Arabic and Spanish are all popular, and likely to be languages of the future.“ （分数：1.00）(1). It is estimated that in a decade English will be（分数：0.20）A.act
22、ively studied by over 200 million people.B.freely spoken by global English learners.C.popular with over 80% of world inhabitants.D.really mastered by 50% of people worldwide.(2). According to the text,“linguistic globalization“ will（分数：0.20）A.eliminate French from the globe.B.defeat other European l
23、anguages.C.fail all languages except English.D.make English the biggest winner.(3).The writer of the report deems that outsourcing is to（分数：0.20）A.result in the increase of English subjects.B.result in the increase of English subjects.C.account for the further spread of English.D.bring about transit
24、ion in college curricula.(4). David Graddol predicts that the thriving period of English will（分数：0.20）A.terminate within half a century.B.climax in the middle of the century.C.endure for no less than five decades.D.quit till the beginning of the 2050s.(5).The report “The Future of English“ factored
25、in all of the following EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.the educational condition and policy.B.the directions and designs of Unesco.C.the statistics about populationD.the movements of overseas students.Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Intemet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services
26、 in World War and later laid the roots for the (CIA) was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game“ of espionage-spying as a “profession.“ These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail
27、, is reshaping Donovan s vocation as well. The latest revolution isn t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-cli
28、ck spying. The spooks call it “open- source intelligence,“ and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Bumndi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose
29、 clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straifford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straifford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to c
30、orporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. straitford, com. Straifford President George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster
31、 s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far comers of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we II suddenly get 500 new Intemet singe-ups from Ukraine,“ says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we 11 hear back from s
32、ome of them.“ Open- source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That s where Straifford earns its keep. Fridman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin.Several of his staff members have military- intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm
33、s outsider status as the key to its success. Straifford s briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. （分数：1.00）(1). The emergence of the
34、 Net has（分数：0.20）A.received support from fans like Donovan.B.remolded the intelligence services.C.restored many common pastimes.D.revived spying as a profession.(2).Donovan s story is mentioned in the text to（分数：0.20）A.introduce the topic of online spying.B.show how he fought for the U.S.C.give an e
35、pisode of the information war.D.honor his unique services to the CIA.(3).The phrase“ making the biggest splash“( line 1, paragraph 3)most probably means（分数：0.20）A.causing the biggest trouble.B.exerting the greatest effort.C.achieving the greatest success.D.enjoying the widest popularity.(4). It can
36、be learned from paragraph 4 that（分数：0.20）A.Straiffords prediction about Ukraine has proved true.B.Straifford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.C.Straiffords business is characterized by unpredictability.D.Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.(5). Straifford is most
37、proud of its（分数：0.20）A.official status.B.nonconformist image.C.efficient staff.D.military backgroundBeing a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-old there are twice as many
38、women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural sel
39、ection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has g
40、one. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have ro
41、ughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand medi
42、ocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring-means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physi
43、cal change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 years-even the past 100 years-our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they
44、“ look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension. “No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.
45、 （分数：1.00）(1).What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?（分数：0.25）A.A lack of mates.B.A fierce competition.C.A lower survival rate.D.A defective gene.(2).What does the example of India illustrate?（分数：0.25）A.Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.B
46、.Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.C.The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.D.India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.(3).The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_.（分数：0.25）A.life has been improved by techn
47、ological advanceB.the number of female babies has been decliningC.our species has reached the highest stage of evolutionD.the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing(4).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：0.25）A.Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.B.Ways
48、 of Continuing Mans Evolution.C.The Evolutionary Future of Nature.D.Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site s “personal search agent“
49、. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for
