1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 11 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Next time you feel the flu coming on, think twice before reaching for painkille
2、rsthey could do more【C1】_than good. With the flu season【C2】_way across Europe and North America, millions will be taking flu【C3】_, which commonly include painkillers. The general【C4】_advice in the UK and the US is to take painkillers. But although painkillers can make you feel better they also lower
3、 fever, which can make the virus【C5】_. The first analysis of the effect of this on the【C6】_shows that painkillers taken at current levels to【C7】_fevers could cause 2, 000 flu deaths each year in the US alone. Fever is thought to be a【C8】_against viruses, because many viruses find it hard to【C9】_abov
4、e our normal 37 C. Some studies have shown that lowering fever may【C10】_virus-related infections and increase the amount of virus we can【C11】_on to others. To find out what【C12】_this might have on a flu epidemic, David Earn and his colleagues【C13】_to a 1982 study which showed that ferrets, a【C14】_an
5、imal model for human flu produced more【C15】_flu virus if their fevers were lowered with painkillers. Earn“s team used these findings to estimate how much more virus people with【C16】_flu might produce if their fevers were【C17】_. With the help of a mathematical model, Earn“s team【C18】_their estimates
6、to the number of people a year in the US who get flu,【C19】_fever and take the drugs. They found that painkillers as used in the US could be increasing the【C20】_of ordinary winter flu by up to 5 per cent.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.hurtB.painC.harmD.work(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.viaB.underC.uponD.by(3).【C3
7、】（分数：2.00）A.remediesB.tragediesC.subsidiesD.comedies(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.privateB.psychicC.medicalD.physical(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.worseB.olderC.harderD.better(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.humanityB.populationC.environmentD.habitat(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.treatB.diagnoseC.prescribeD.cure(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.deviceB.weaponC.
8、channelD.appliance(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.produceB.exposeC.expandD.reproduce(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.preventB.protectC.prolongD.postpone(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.takeB.passC.putD.leave(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.restrictionB.functionC.impactD.endeavor(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.owedB.turnedC.ledD.inclined(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.r
9、egularB.averageC.mutualD.common(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.monthlyB.seasonalC.yearlyD.weekly(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.ordinaryB.exceptionalC.specificD.explicit(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.expressedB.oppressedC.impressedD.suppressed(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.adaptedB.adoptedC.appliedD.attributed(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.developB.d
10、eliverC.deduceD.defeat(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.transformationB.transportationC.transmissionD.transactionOne of the misconceptions about elite sport is that great athletes have nothing in common with normal human beings.【C1】_they are seen as supermen who have【C2】_above the flaws and anxieties that【C3】_th
11、e lives of others. The superman misconception also【C4】_how we think about teams.【C5】_a team establishes a dynastic supremacy, instead of【C6】_that it is always in a state of constant change, we pretend it has a【C7】_collective personality. We turn the team into a superman. A winning team does not, in【
12、C8】_, require everyone to play well all the timeor even any of the time. Sir Alex Ferguson【C9】_a deep truth when he said that in football you only need eight players to【C10】_well to win. The reality of team dynamics is much more【C11】_and interesting than superman theory allows. All teams, even the g
13、reatest, 【C12】_a range of characters, not all of them 【C13】_bulletproof. There are those who surf the wave as well as those who【C14】_the tide. From a【C15】_perspective, the challenge is to establish two【C16】_but overlapping majorities: a majority of strong characters who have the ability to【C17】_peop
14、le with them, and a majority of players in form on any【C18】_day. Seen in that light, winning becomes partly a matter of【C19】_If you have a higher proportion of excellent players, who are likely to be in form more often, then the odds of eight playing well next Saturday【C20】_improve.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1
15、】（分数：2.00）A.FurthermoreB.InsteadC.OtherwiseD.Therefore(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.goneB.flownC.risenD.passed(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.defineB.defendC.confirmD.confine(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.distractsB.disturbsC.distortsD.disrupts(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.UnlessC.SinceD.When(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.presumingB.recognisingC.i
16、maginingD.estimating(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.genuineB.complexC.variousD.stable(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.returnB.factC.additionD.conclusion(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.struckB.referredC.permittedD.confessed(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.executeB.achieveC.performD.fulfill(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.subtleB.bizarreC.brutalD.crucial(12).【C12】
17、（分数：2.00）A.deserveB.employC.preferD.include(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.physiologicallyB.psychologicallyC.physicallyD.chemically(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.twistB.chaseC.turnD.beat(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.enforcementB.managementC.correspondenceD.negotiation(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.distinctB.obscureC.dubiousD.diverse(17).【
18、C17】（分数：2.00）A.assignB.shoulderC.carryD.direct(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.proposedB.predictedC.reportedD.given(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.probabilityB.combinationC.selectionD.compromise(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.alternativelyB.scarcelyC.inevitablyD.randomly考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 11 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数
19、：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Next time you feel the flu coming on, think twice before reaching for painkillersthey could do more【C1】_than good. With the flu season【C2】_w
20、ay across Europe and North America, millions will be taking flu【C3】_, which commonly include painkillers. The general【C4】_advice in the UK and the US is to take painkillers. But although painkillers can make you feel better they also lower fever, which can make the virus【C5】_. The first analysis of
21、the effect of this on the【C6】_shows that painkillers taken at current levels to【C7】_fevers could cause 2, 000 flu deaths each year in the US alone. Fever is thought to be a【C8】_against viruses, because many viruses find it hard to【C9】_above our normal 37 C. Some studies have shown that lowering feve
22、r may【C10】_virus-related infections and increase the amount of virus we can【C11】_on to others. To find out what【C12】_this might have on a flu epidemic, David Earn and his colleagues【C13】_to a 1982 study which showed that ferrets, a【C14】_animal model for human flu produced more【C15】_flu virus if thei
23、r fevers were lowered with painkillers. Earn“s team used these findings to estimate how much more virus people with【C16】_flu might produce if their fevers were【C17】_. With the help of a mathematical model, Earn“s team【C18】_their estimates to the number of people a year in the US who get flu,【C19】_fe
24、ver and take the drugs. They found that painkillers as used in the US could be increasing the【C20】_of ordinary winter flu by up to 5 per cent.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.hurtB.painC.harm D.work解析：解析：本段首句提及“在服用止痛药之前要三思”，结合第二段首句提到的“服用止痛药仅在美国每年都会造成 2000 人死于流感”，由此推断，止痛药虽然可以让你感觉好受些，但是副作用也是很明显的。harm 有“弊端
25、，坏处”的意思，符合此处语境，故选 C。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.viaB.under C.uponD.by解析：解析：文章首句提到 flu coming on，下文提到“上百万人服用包括止痛药在内的”，推断此处应填入的词，与其后的 way 搭配，修饰前面的 flu season，表示“流感来袭”，under way 表示“正在进行中”，符合要求，故选 B 项。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.remedies B.tragediesC.subsidiesD.comedies解析：解析：空格后面的非限性定语从句提到通常包括止痛药，空格前的动词 taking 有“服用”之意。可推
26、断空格处应填入表示“治疗流感的药剂或疗法”的词，A 项 remedies“疗法；药品”符合要求。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.privateB.psychicC.medical D.physical解析：解析：下文提到了“服用止痛药的建议”，通常只有医生或者药剂师可以给出建议，由此可判断这是医学或医药方面的建议，故选 C 项 medical“医学的，医药的”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.worse B.olderC.harderD.better解析：解析：空格所在句是转折句，指出止痛药虽然有好的一面，能让人感到好受一些，但第 2 段第 3 句提到“退热会延长感染、会增加病毒的
27、数量”，结果其实是“相对更差”。所以选 A 项 worse。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.humanityB.population C.environmentD.habitat解析：解析：本题的线索在下文，空格后提到止痛药仅在美国每年就可造成 2000 人死亡，文章最后一段也提到美国一年患上流感的人数，据此判断，此处应跟人数相关，所以选 B 项 population“人口，群体”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.treat B.diagnoseC.prescribeD.cure解析：解析：空格所在从句的主语是服用的止痛药，谓语是导致死亡。第一段末句提到 they alsolowe
28、r fever，由此推断服用止痛药与发烧之间的关系应为退烧，此处需要一个词与 lower 对应，故选 A 项treat“治疗”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.deviceB.weapon C.channelD.appliance解析：解析：空格填入的名词，由 against viruses 来限定，结合下一句的“退热会导致病毒数量增加”，可推断发烧是对抗或杀死病毒的机能反应，四个选项中，B 项 weapon“武器”代入空格，把发烧这种身体机能反应比喻成对抗病毒的武器，符合语境。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.produceB.exposeC.expandD.reproduce 解
29、析：解析：空格位于原因状语从句，该从句解释发烧可以对抗病毒的原因。对抗方式不外乎抑制或消灭病毒；此外，结合下句提到的“退热可能会导致病毒数量增加”，可以推断此处应该是要表达“病毒难以生存、发展或增加”之意。D 项 reproduce“繁殖”符合此处语义要求。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.preventB.protectC.prolong D.postpone解析：解析：空格所在句承接上文，援引一些研究解释退烧的副作用。空格处需填入谓语动词，本句主语是 lowering fever，宾语是 infections，下文提到“退热会导致病毒数量增加”，那么由病毒引发的感染势必加重，四个选
30、项中 C 选项 prolong“延长”符合语境，表示“感染持续时间延长，病情加重”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.takeB.pass C.putD.leave解析：解析：根据上文的关键词 infection 和 virus，空格所在句提到退热会导致病毒数量增加，而流感会在人与人之间传播。所以此处涉及的应该是病毒的扩散，故选 B 项 pass，代入文中表示“这种病毒是可以传给别人的”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.restrictionB.functionC.impact D.endeavor解析：解析：空格所在句的 this 指代上一句提到的“服用止痛药来退热会导致病
31、毒数量增加”，从下文对雪貂的研究中，可看出这里是讲 this 对流感病毒传播的影响或作用，所以选 C 项 impact“影响”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.owedB.turned C.ledD.inclined解析：解析：空格所在句的主语是“大卫恩和他的同事们”，宾语是“一项研究”，下一句说到他们利用这项研究的成果进行下一步工作，结合空格后的介词 to，可推断选 B 项 turned，固定短语 turn to 表示“转向、求助于”，此处意为“参考，参阅”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.regularB.averageC.mutualD.common 解析：解析：此处
32、提到一项用雪貂做实验的医学研究(研究人类流感传播的问题)，用某种特定的动物做实验来研究人类的相关问题是医学研究的常规做法，故选 D 项 common“通常的，常见的”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.monthlyB.seasonal C.yearlyD.weekly解析：解析：文章第 1 段提过 flu season，最后一段也说到了 winter flu，流感病毒通常为季节性传播，据此可判断空格处应选择 B 项 seasonal。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.ordinary B.exceptionalC.specificD.explicit解析：解析：此处提到研究小
33、组要把动物实验的结果推及到人类服用止痛药治疗流感的情况。最后一段提到他们关于 ordinary winter flu 的推论，由此可判断选 A 项 ordinary“普通的”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.expressedB.oppressedC.impressedD.suppressed 解析：解析：第 2 段最后一句提到“退热会增加感冒病毒的数量”，反推过来，“感冒病毒的数量增加了”则应该对应“退热”，据此可推断空格处应需填入与 lower 意思差不多的词，故选 D 项 sup-pressed“抑制”，通常表示药物或疾病抑制了身体的自然功能或反应。(18).【C18】（分数：
34、2.00）A.adaptedB.adoptedC.applied D.attributed解析：解析：此处谓语动词的选择可参照上一段中的 used these findings to estimate，同时根据语义搭配，可判断本题选 C 项 applied，applyto表示“把应用到上”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.develop B.deliverC.deduceD.defeat解析：解析：空格所在处的三个词组表示递进关系，即“那些患上了流感，发烧并服用止痛药的人”，需要弄清楚发烧与流感之间的关系，根据前面几段的叙述，很显然流感是导致发烧的原因，所以选 A 项develop。
35、(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.transformationB.transportationC.transmission D.transaction解析：解析：根据第 2、3 段提到的流感的传播、流感疫情来判断，本题选择 C 项 transmission“传播”，表示“疾病在人与人之间的传播”。One of the misconceptions about elite sport is that great athletes have nothing in common with normal human beings.【C1】_they are seen as supermen w
36、ho have【C2】_above the flaws and anxieties that【C3】_the lives of others. The superman misconception also【C4】_how we think about teams.【C5】_a team establishes a dynastic supremacy, instead of【C6】_that it is always in a state of constant change, we pretend it has a【C7】_collective personality. We turn t
37、he team into a superman. A winning team does not, in【C8】_, require everyone to play well all the timeor even any of the time. Sir Alex Ferguson【C9】_a deep truth when he said that in football you only need eight players to【C10】_well to win. The reality of team dynamics is much more【C11】_and interesti
38、ng than superman theory allows. All teams, even the greatest, 【C12】_a range of characters, not all of them 【C13】_bulletproof. There are those who surf the wave as well as those who【C14】_the tide. From a【C15】_perspective, the challenge is to establish two【C16】_but overlapping majorities: a majority o
39、f strong characters who have the ability to【C17】_people with them, and a majority of players in form on any【C18】_day. Seen in that light, winning becomes partly a matter of【C19】_If you have a higher proportion of excellent players, who are likely to be in form more often, then the odds of eight play
40、ing well next Saturday【C20】_improve.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.FurthermoreB.Instead C.OtherwiseD.Therefore解析：解析：文章首句开门见山表明了作者的观点把伟大的运动员看作与常人毫无共同之处是一种误解，即这些运动员与常人也有共同之处；空格后转而分析这种误解是把那些运动员看成是超越常人的超人。空格前后的两种观点形成对比，故选 B 项 Instead“反而，相反地”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.goneB.flownC.risen D.passed解析：解析：空格前面有 superm
41、an，后面有 above the flaws and anxieties，从上下文语义中可推断此处应选表“超越”或“克服”等含义的动词，C 项 risen 为正确答案，rise above 表示“战胜，超越，克服(困难)”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.define B.defendC.confirmD.confine解析：解析：上文说到人们会错误地把伟大的运动员看作是异于常人的超人，而常人跟超人的区别应该是常人会有缺点和焦虑，超人则没有。据此推断空格处应选择能说明 flaws and anxieties 专属于常人的词，故选 A 项 define“定义，界定；是的特性”。(4).【C
42、4】（分数：2.00）A.distractsB.disturbsC.distorts D.disrupts解析：解析：空格前面的主语是 misconception“误解”，同时用到 also 表示与上文类似的做法，宾语是 how we think about teams上文说到人们误把伟大的运动员看作是超人，据此推断，同样是这种错觉使得人们把具有王者地位的团队“错看”成超人。故选 C 项 distorts“曲解”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.UnlessC.SinceD.When 解析：解析：空格所在句的主句说我们假装团队具有集体人格，从旬则说团队建立了王朝般的至
43、高地位。从语义逻辑上可推断该连词引导时间状语从句，表示在什么时候或在什么情况下，我们会把团队当作一个具有集体人格的个体来看待。故 D 项 When 正确。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.presumingB.recognising C.imaginingD.estimating解析：解析：该段前两句讲人们对伟大运动员的误解，然后第三句说这种误解也同样影响我们对团队的看法。空格所在的这句和下一句则具体说明我们关于团队的错误观念即“我们假装它有一个集体人格”；由 instead of“而不是”可知，空格所在部分要表达的是跟“我们假装它有一个集体人格”相反的观念。B 项 recognising
44、“认识到”代入空格，符合上下文语义。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.genuineB.complexC.variousD.stable 解析：解析：判断此空的依据是前面 instead of 引导的插入语，of 后的内容与后面主句的语义相对。插入语中用到 constant change“不断的变化”，由此可推断此空填入的形容词应为 D 项 stable“稳定的”，与 constant change 意思相对。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.returnB.fact C.additionD.conclusion解析：解析：此处用否定句的形式提出与第一段人们看待精英运动的各种错误观念相
45、反的观点，空格处需填入名词，与 in 组成短语作插入语，表示作者要陈述看待精英运动的正确观点，据此选 B 项 fact，短语in fact 意为“事实上，实际上”，用于引出事实的真相。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.struck B.referredC.permittedD.confessed解析：解析：空格所在句间接引用 Sir Alex Ferguson 的话来支持上一句作者的观点。从语义和动词搭配上看，此空应选 A 项 struck，strike a truth“道出一个真理”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.executeB.achieveC.perform D.ful
46、fill解析：解析：此空同样可参考上下句对应的动词表达，上一句表述作者的观点时用到 play well，可推断空格处选 C 项，perform well 表示“表现好”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.subtle B.bizarreC.brutalD.crucial解析：解析：根据下文的 a range of characters 和 There are those whoas well as thosewho可推测团队因由不同性格的队员组成而具有不确定性，难以预测，故选 A 项 subtle“微妙的，难以捉摸的”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.deserveB.emp
47、loyC.preferD.include 解析：解析：这里需要一个谓语动词连接主语 All teams 和宾语 a range of characters，所有的队伍都是由人来组成，不同的人具有各种不同的性格，故选 D 项 include“包括”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.physiologicallyB.psychologically C.physicallyD.chemically解析：解析：根据前面提到的 a range of characters 和下文的 a majority of strong characters，可推断此空所需的副词应与人的性格心理相关，故选 B 项 psychologically“心理上地”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.twistB.chaseC.turn D.beat解析：解析：上文提到所有的团队都是由一系列不同性格的人组成，空格所在句用并列连词 aswell as 列出两种不同类型的人；其一是 surf the wave(在文中可理解为顺势而行)；结合空格后面的 the tide 搭配，另一种人应该是能够扭转局势的人。故选 C 项 turn。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.enforcementB.management
