1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 121 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_These are dark days for the book business. Borders, a once-huge bookseller, 【C
2、1】_on July 18th that it will close down its remaining stores, 【C2】_nearly 10,700 staff jobless. Publishers will lose a showcase for their books, 【C3】_could mean more laid-off editors. 【C4】_the problem is not the【C5】_: writers will still scribble for scraps. 【C6】_demand: American book publishers repo
3、rted【C7】_across all platforms last year. It is just that no one is making money. The business needs fresh ideas. 【C8】_Unbound, a British effort to “crowd-fund“ books. Visitors to its website can【C9】_money for a book that is only part-written. 【C10】_ enough money is raised, the author can【C11】_to fin
4、ish itand the pledgers will get a copy. Having launched in May, the firm announced its first【C12】_on July 18th. Terry Jones, of Monty Python fame, has【C13】_the funds to finish a book of quirky stories. Handsome edited volumes and e-books will follow. “We can make books work at a much lower level of【
5、C14】_,“ explains John Mitchin-son, who co-founded Unbound. Visitors can【C15】_10 for an e-book and a nod in the afterword, or up to 250 for such【C16】_as lunch with the author. Over 3,000 pledges have come in, averaging 30 apiece Authors see a new way to nurture fans and make money, 【C17】_publishing b
6、udgets dwindle. Readers【C18】_enjoy feeling like part of the【C19】_process. Most readers won“t pay 8.99 for an acclaimed book, yet some will spend 50 on a signed unwritten one. In these digitally isolating times, the personal touch may【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.addressedB.allegedC.announcedD.
7、claimed(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.leavingB.ignoringC.causingD.missing(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.thisB.thatC.itD.which(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.As a resultB.YetC.For exampleD.Still(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.demandB.supplyC.surplusD.input(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.NorB.OrC.OnlyD.But(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.declineB.expansionC.growthD.decay(8).【C
8、8】（分数：2.00）A.SurviveB.MaintainC.ExistD.Enter(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.receiveB.submitC.pledgeD.share(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.IfB.BecauseC.UntilD.As(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.grantB.affordC.sustainD.attach(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.fundingB.opportunityC.prosperityD.success(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.assuredB.confirmedC.resolvedD.
9、secured(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.arrangementB.investmentC.requirementD.acknowledgement(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.spend upB.pay upC.stump upD.use up(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.treatsB.treatiesC.treatmentsD.retreats(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.even asB.ifC.as long asD.as if(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.relativelyB.apparentlyC.hardlyD.n
10、ever(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.narrativeB.productiveC.creativeD.competitive(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.concernB.dealC.matterD.workA recent BBC documentary, “The Town That Never Retired“, sought to show the effects of【C1】_ the state pension age by putting retirees back to work. 【C2】_the results were entertaining,
11、 they need not have【C3】_. Away from the cameras, 【C4】_numbers of older people are staying in work. Since the start of the recession, the number of 16- to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same【C5】_the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240,000. The【C6】_of the Br
12、itish workforce dates back to around 2001, 【C7】_when the proportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has【C8】_since the start of the recession. There are several【C9】_why. Happily, people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less【C10】_than it was. 【C11】_
13、happily, low interest rates, a stagnant stock market and the end of many defined-benefit pension schemes make it a financial 【C12】_. And changing attitudes, 【C13】_by rules against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever. Most older workers are simply【C14】_at the office: 63% of workers ove
14、r state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once【C15】_full-time. A big【C16】_is that they do not pay national insurance contributionseffectively a second income tax on younger workers. According to Step
15、hen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce, this【C17】_explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. 【C18】_reducing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have【C19】_recruitment and cut working hours. At small businesses【C20】_, keeping o
16、n older workers is cheaper and less risky than training replacements.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.increasingB.improvingC.risingD.reinforcing(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.BecauseB.IfC.AlthoughD.Unless(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.interferedB.offendedC.disturbedD.bothered(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.preferableB.unpredictableC.unprec
17、edentedD.preliminary(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.periodB.circleC.locationD.interval(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.stumblingB.boomingC.shrinkingD.graying(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A./B.sinceC.afterD.before(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.prevailedB.ceasedC.acceleratedD.worsened(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.reasonsB.doubtsC.notionsD.senses(10).【C10】（分数：2.00
18、）A.charmingB.satisfactoryC.encouragingD.discouraging(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.RatherB.MostC.MoreD.Less(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.insuranceB.necessityC.recoveryD.incentive(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.spurredB.limitedC.confinedD.imposed(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.running onB.dwelling onC.hanging onD.counting on(15).【C15】（分数：2.
19、00）A.appliedB.performedC.playedD.prepared(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.advantageB.problemC.issueD.concern(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.capabilityB.availabilityC.flexibilityD.shortage(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.Other thanB.Instead ofC.In spite ofD.Along with(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.enlargedB.haltedC.distractedD.retained(20).【C20
20、】（分数：2.00）A.in briefB.by contrastC.on averageD.in particular考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 121 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：These are dark d
21、ays for the book business. Borders, a once-huge bookseller, 【C1】_on July 18th that it will close down its remaining stores, 【C2】_nearly 10,700 staff jobless. Publishers will lose a showcase for their books, 【C3】_could mean more laid-off editors. 【C4】_the problem is not the【C5】_: writers will still s
22、cribble for scraps. 【C6】_demand: American book publishers reported【C7】_across all platforms last year. It is just that no one is making money. The business needs fresh ideas. 【C8】_Unbound, a British effort to “crowd-fund“ books. Visitors to its website can【C9】_money for a book that is only part-writ
23、ten. 【C10】_ enough money is raised, the author can【C11】_to finish itand the pledgers will get a copy. Having launched in May, the firm announced its first【C12】_on July 18th. Terry Jones, of Monty Python fame, has【C13】_the funds to finish a book of quirky stories. Handsome edited volumes and e-books
24、will follow. “We can make books work at a much lower level of【C14】_,“ explains John Mitchin-son, who co-founded Unbound. Visitors can【C15】_10 for an e-book and a nod in the afterword, or up to 250 for such【C16】_as lunch with the author. Over 3,000 pledges have come in, averaging 30 apiece Authors se
25、e a new way to nurture fans and make money, 【C17】_publishing budgets dwindle. Readers【C18】_enjoy feeling like part of the【C19】_process. Most readers won“t pay 8.99 for an acclaimed book, yet some will spend 50 on a signed unwritten one. In these digitally isolating times, the personal touch may【C20】
26、_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.addressedB.allegedC.announced D.claimed解析：解析：此处填入动词作句子谓语，其宾语为从句“它会关闭其现存的书店”，该从句为公司决策的宣布和公示，故应选 C 项 announce“宣布”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.leaving B.ignoringC.causingD.missing解析：解析：从语义上看，A 项 leave 及 C 项 cause 都符合，表示“致使将近人失业”。但 cause 常用 cause sbto do sth，后不接形容词作宾补，故选 A。(3).【C3】
27、（分数：2.00）A.thisB.thatC.itD.which 解析：解析：分析句子结构，可知空格处位于定语从句中，且从句缺少主语，此外该从句为非限制性定语从句，选项中只有 D 项 which 符合要求，指代前面的“出版商则失去了展销书籍的平台”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.As a resultB.Yet C.For exampleD.Still解析：解析：前文提到零售书店的倒闭，本句起分析原因，但本句含有否定词 not，与前面的肯定句语义相反，故选表转折关系 B 项 Yet。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.demandB.supply C.surplusD.input解析
28、：解析：冒号后的 writer(作者)在图书的产业链中属于供应方，而下一句则提到产业链中的“需求方”(demand)，因此选与 demand 相对应的是 B 项 supply“供应方”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.Nor B.OrC.OnlyD.But解析：解析：由本段最后一句的 It is just that可知，问题不在供应也不在需求，故此处应填表否定含义的 Nor。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.declineB.expansionC.growth D.decay解析：解析：冒号后的内容说明问题不在需求，故书商报告的销量应该是上升的，故选 C 项 growth“增加”。(
29、8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.SurviveB.MaintainC.ExistD.Enter 解析：解析：前文的 fresh idea 及后文提到该机构“在五月成立”都证明 Unbound 是新成立的机构，之前不存在，因此不能说其 Survive“幸存”(A 项)、Maintain“维持着”(B 项)或 Exist“存在着”(C 项)，应选 D 项 Enter，表示该机构是新加进来的。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.receiveB.submitC.pledge D.share解析：解析：由下文的 plectgers(捐赠者)可知，此处是指为一些未写完的书捐钱，故选 C 项 ple
30、dge。本题的 pledge 与文中的 pledgers 属于同根词复现。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.If B.BecauseC.UntilD.As解析：解析：空格所在句意为“筹到足够的资金”，下一句意为“作者可以完成该书”，从逻辑关系上看，前者是为后者的条件，故应选 A 项 If。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.grantB.afford C.sustainD.attach解析：解析：筹到足够的资金后，作者就可以去完成其作品。afford to do sth指“负担得起”，因此选 B 项 afford“负担得起”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.fundin
31、gB.opportunityC.prosperityD.success 解析：解析：从后面 Terry Jones 凑到足够资金的例子可证明，这是该机构计划的首次成功，故选 D 项Success“成功”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.assuredB.confirmedC.resolvedD.secured 解析：解析：由下一句“精装版与电子书随后就将面市”可推断 Terry Jones 已得到能完成一部奇异小说的钱，故选 D 项 secure“得到，获得”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.arrangementB.investment C.requirementD.ac
32、knowledgement解析：解析：由于书籍未出版前就能得到读者的资助，这样就降低了出版商的投资幅度，故选 B 项investment“投资”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.spend upB.pay upC.stump up D.use up解析：解析：空格后的10 是一笔小钱，选项中只有 C 项 stump up“(勉强地)支付钱”能与后文数额较少的 10 欧元相对应，故为正确答案。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.treats B.treatiesC.treatmentsD.retreats解析：解析：空格后的 as lunch with the author(与作
33、者共同进餐)是对空格的一个举例说明，这属于一种“待遇”，故选 A 项 treat“待遇”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.even as B.ifC.as long asD.as if解析：解析：本句意为“出版预算萎缩，作家找到了新的培养读者和赚钱的方法”，四个选项中，只有 A 项 even as“正当的时候”填入文中，句意通顺。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.relativelyB.apparently C.hardlyD.never解析：解析：由 Unbound 的成功及下文读者愿意花钱在未完成的书籍上可见，读者是愿意参与到写作过程中的，故选 B 项 apparentl
34、y“明显地”。 (19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.narrativeB.productiveC.creative D.competitive解析：解析：空格处的词修饰 process(写作过程)。写作、出书是一个创作的过程，故应选 C 项creative“创造的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.concernB.dealC.matterD.work 解析：解析：句中的 personal touch 指代上文让读者参与出书的方法，由 Unbound 的例子可看出，这种方法是成功的，故选 D 项 work“有效”。A recent BBC documentary, “The T
35、own That Never Retired“, sought to show the effects of【C1】_ the state pension age by putting retirees back to work. 【C2】_the results were entertaining, they need not have【C3】_. Away from the cameras, 【C4】_numbers of older people are staying in work. Since the start of the recession, the number of 16
36、- to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same【C5】_the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240,000. The【C6】_of the British workforce dates back to around 2001, 【C7】_when the proportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has【C8】_since the start of the
37、 recession. There are several【C9】_why. Happily, people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less【C10】_than it was. 【C11】_happily, low interest rates, a stagnant stock market and the end of many defined-benefit pension schemes make it a financial 【C12】_. And changing att
38、itudes, 【C13】_by rules against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever. Most older workers are simply【C14】_at the office: 63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once【C
39、15】_full-time. A big【C16】_is that they do not pay national insurance contributionseffectively a second income tax on younger workers. According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce, this【C17】_explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump
40、. 【C18】_reducing the workforce, as in previous recessions, many firms have【C19】_recruitment and cut working hours. At small businesses【C20】_, keeping on older workers is cheaper and less risky than training replacements.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.increasing B.improvingC.risingD.reinforcing解析：解析：空格
41、处填入动词与 state pension age“国家退休年龄”构成动宾搭配。其中 C 项 rise为不及物动词，可首先排除；B 项 improve“改善”及 D 项 reinforce“加强”不与“年龄”构成搭配。A项 increase 填入文中，指“提高退休年龄”，符合下文“老年人重回工作岗位”的说法。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.BecauseB.IfC.Although D.Unless解析：解析：空格所在分句说“结果富有娱乐性”，是肯定的说法，后半句则含有否定词 not，故两分句间应为转折或让步关系，填人 C 项 Although 符合文意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）
42、A.interferedB.offendedC.disturbedD.bothered 解析：解析：下一句提到“镜头之外，数目的年长者仍在工作”，也就是说，不管领取国家退休金的年龄是否提高，年长者仍在工作，对其影响并不大，因此剧组没有必要费心去拍这部记录片，故选 D 项bother“费心”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.preferableB.unpredictableC.unprecedented D.preliminary解析：解析：本段末句则具体指出超过 65 岁仍在工作的人数上升，因此空格处应填入表示“数量大”的词，故选 C 项 unprecedented“前所未有的”符合语义
43、。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.period B.circleC.locationD.interval解析：解析：Over the same_对应上一句的 Since the start of the recession(自经济萧条开始以来)，这是一个“时期”，故选 A 项 period“时期”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.stumblingB.boomingC.shrinkingD.graying 解析：解析：由上下文语境可知，文中涉及老年员工仍在职的问题，因此说英国劳工变老，D 项 graying可喻指“变老”，符合文意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A./B.sin
44、ce C.afterD.before解析：解析：空格所在句是由 when 引导的定语从句，修饰 2001，先行词在从句中作时间状语，从句缺介词，年长工作者的比例已经将近翻倍是发生在 2001 之后的，由从句的现在完成时，可确定选 B 项since。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.prevailedB.ceasedC.accelerated D.worsened解析：解析：句中 it 指代上一句的“年长工作者的比例”，由上一段最后一句也可知，此处指该比例自经济萧条起就开始加速(上升)，因此选 C 项 accelerate“加速(上升)”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.reasons
45、 B.doubtsC.notionsD.senses解析：解析：根据空格后的 Why 及下文内容可知，此处是解释这种现象的原因，故填 A 项 reason“理由”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.charmingB.satisfactoryC.encouragingD.discouraging 解析：解析：本句意为“由于人们更长寿，更健康，所以工作就得不再那么_”，人们的长寿和健康是对工作的积极因素，由空格前的 less 可判断应填表负面意义的词，D 项 discouraging“使人泄气的”代入空格，句意通顺。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.RatherB.MostC.M
46、oreD.Less 解析：解析：前一句提到的老年人身体状况的改善是属于积极的因素(Happily)，而本句提到的“低利率、萧条的股票市场”则属于较消极的因素，故应填表否定的 D 项 Less。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.insuranceB.necessity C.recoveryD.incentive解析：解析：此处 it 指“停留在工作岗位继续工作”，低利率、萧条的股票市场、限定收益的退休金计划的终结这些因素都会使退休人士的经济更拮据，故使得他们继续工作成为财政上的需要，因此选 B 项necessity“需要”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.spurred B.l
47、imitedC.confinedD.imposed解析：解析：空格处填入过去分词，修饰 changing attitudes(转变的态度)。空格后为“反对年龄歧视的法规”。由于反对年龄歧视的法规有助于人们接受老年人工作，故其影响应是正面的，A 项spurred“激发”符合文意。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.running onB.dwelling onC.hanging on D.counting on解析：解析：冒号后的句子起解释说明的作用，该句提到 63已达到退休年龄的人已为其雇主工作了十年以上，C 项 hang on 表示“继续做”，符合文意。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.appliedB.performed C.playedD.prepared解析：解析：本题宜采用排除法。空格处填入的动词跟先行词 jobs 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，C 项 play 和D 项 prepare 不能与 jobs 搭配，可排除；空格动词由 full-time“全职”修饰，填入 A 项 apply“申请”语义不通，也排除；因此应选 B 项 perform“做”，此处指“他们现在做以前全职所做的工作”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.advantage B
