1、成人高等教育学士学位英语真题 8 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Paper One(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there
2、are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All th
3、ese factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar, in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because-everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not
4、be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in l
5、ife rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.（分数：10
6、.00）(1).The passage is mainly discussing _.（分数：2.00）A.the necessity of social changeB.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occurC.different types of social change in two different societies and in different aspectsD.certain factors that promote social change(2)._ is NOT
7、one of the factors that tend to promote social change.（分数：2.00）A.Greater worldly interestB.Different points of viewC.Greater toleranceD.Advanced technology(3).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotion
8、al aspects of society.B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.C.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.(4).The expression “greater tolerance“
9、 (Para. 1) refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideasB.quicker adaptation-to changing circumstancesC.more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD.greater willingness to accept social change(5).Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people
10、are quite similar in many ways because _.（分数：2.00）A.people there have identical needs and they are satisfied with everythingB.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to changeC.people there are easy to pleaseD.people there are less disputed三、Passag
11、e 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many experts would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the community. The fundamental question, however, is how does the community want or need to be served? In re
12、cent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments and the public to ensure that they do not remain “ivory towers (象牙塔)“ of study separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged, and in some cases constrained (强逼), to
13、provide more courses which produce graduates with the technical skills required for the commercial use. If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher. A post-industrial soc
14、iety requires large numbers of computer programmers, engineers, managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but “man“, as the Bible says, “does not live by bread alone.“ Apart from requiring medical and social services, which do not directly contribute to economic growth, th
15、e society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. In these cost-conscious times, it has even been pointed out in justification for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National
16、Product through tourist dollars as any other things.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Traditional universities only cared about research and teaching.B.Universities must meet the needs of the community.C.Research and teaching are no longer important in universities.D.Univ
17、ersities play an important role in our society.(2).According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.The society is not satisfied with the current college education.B.The governments ask too much from colleges.C.Teachers are forced to do what they don“t like to
18、do.D.University teachers like to provide practical courses.(3).The author quoted Aristotle as an example in order to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.he could still be an excellent teacher if he were aliveB.abstract courses like philosophy are no longer popularC.philosophy should be cut off from university cu
19、rriculumD.philosophers had better know computer science(4).According to the passage, literature, music and the arts _.（分数：2.00）A.are totally uselessB.are not good for economic developmentC.can also promote economic developmentD.are of less importance compared to some practical courses(5).The author
20、believes that _.（分数：2.00）A.man can live by bread aloneB.arts cannot be useful money earnersC.universities should only teach technical skillsD.arts and technical skills are both important for the society“s development四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Our minds may wander during boring tasks because daydream
21、ing is actually the brain“s normal state, rather than a pointless distraction, according to a new U. S. study. The researchers, reporting their findings today in the U. S. journal, Science , found that daydreaming could be the result of the brain thinking over importantbut not immediately relevantis
22、sues when the external environment ceases to pose interesting and engaging problems. “For the most part psychologists have sort of assumed that we spend most of our time engaged in goal-directed thought and that, every so often, we have blips (光点) of irrelevant thoughts that pop up on the radar,“ sa
23、id Malia Mason of Harvard University. “However, it could very well be the case that most of the time we are engaged in less directed, unintended thought and that this state is routinely interrupted by periods of goal-directed thought.“ Daydreaming or mind-wandering is more precisely defined as a sta
24、te of mind where thoughts that are experienced by an individual are unrelated to what is going on in the environment around them, according to Mason. When wandering, the brain flits from one thought to the next, generating images, voices, thoughts and feelings. When deciding how best to encourage da
25、ydreaming in order to study it, the researchers recognized that our minds often wander while we are engaged in familiar tasks, such as making a sandwich, because we don“t need to concentrate on it. They trained study subjects to become proficient on certain tasks so that their minds would be able to
26、 wander when they performed them, but would have to concentrate when given something new.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the new U.S. study mentioned in the passage, daydream happens when _.（分数：2.00）A.the brain thinks over important but temporarily irrelevant thingsB.the external environment stops posing
27、 interesting and engaging problemsC.the brain generates images, voices, thoughts and feelingsD.both A and B(2).According to Mason, we spend most of our time engaged in _.（分数：2.00）A.goal-directed thoughtB.less directed and unintended thoughtC.very important thoughtD.none of the above(3).In order to s
28、tudy daydream, researchers _.（分数：2.00）A.encourage study subjects to daydreamB.ask study subjects to make sandwichesC.train study subjects to become proficient on certain tasksD.help study subjects concentrate on certain tasks(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?（分数
29、：2.00）A.Daydream is a meaningless distraction away from the brain“s normal state.B.Daydream researchers find that one cannot concentrate on familiar tasks.C.During daydreaming, thoughts flash through the brain one after another, producing images and voice and feelings.D.Mason shares the same opinion
30、 with most psychologists.(5).The passage is most probably from _.（分数：2.00）A.a science magazineB.a medical textbookC.a personal letterD.a government document五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile
31、 crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safe
32、ty in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japan“s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of
33、all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatestcurves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across r
34、oads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a
35、lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accident.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage mainly discusses _.（分数：2.00）A.a new way of highway speed controlB.a new pattern for painting highwaysC.a new approach to training driversD.a new type of
36、optical illusion(2).On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that _.（分数：2.00）A.they should avoid speed-related hazardsB.they are driving in the wrong laneC.they should slow down their speedD.they are approaching the speed limit(3).The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars
37、is that the former _.（分数：2.00）A.can keep drivers awakeB.can cut road accidents in halfC.will have a longer effect on driversD.will look more attractive(4).The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to _.（分数：2.00）A.try out the Japanese method in certain areasB.change the
38、road signs across the countryC.replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD.repeat the Japanese road patterns(5).What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?（分数：2.00）A.They are falling out of use in the United States.B.They tend to be ignored by drivers in a sho
39、rt period of time.C.They are applicable only on broad roads.D.They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.六、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.Universities generally _ their students from among the high school graduates.（分数：0.50）A.provideB.chooseC.selectD.receive2.Do you _ to know Mr. C
40、ooper“s telephone number and mail address?（分数：0.50）A.offerB.happenC.seemD.feel3.We want the committee to _ the details of the plan.（分数：0.50）A.look forB.give upC.break downD.work out4.I talked about the things and persons _ we remembered at college.（分数：0.50）A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whom5.We could see the
41、 stars _ well from the top of the mountain.（分数：0.50）A.clearlyB.generallyC.fairlyD.closely6.When we have dinner very late we don“t wash up _ the next morning.（分数：0.50）A.beforeB.inC.atD.till7.The computer doesn“t work well, so something _ wrong.（分数：0.50）A.can have goneB.ought to have goneC.must have g
42、oneD.should have gone8.The nation as a whole cannot become rich _ the peasants are relatively well off.（分数：0.50）A.ifB.beforeC.thoughD.unless9.You“ll have to _ your ticket no later than five o“clock tomorrow afternoon.（分数：0.50）A.pick upB.take upC.put outD.take over10.Pictures of products with their d
43、escriptions and prices will appear on the TV _.（分数：0.50）A.setB.screenC.netD.machine11._ he came to have such a valuable painting is a mystery.（分数：0.50）A.HowB.ThatC.WhatD.Which12.In my opinion, most people in that country _ sports, especially football.（分数：0.50）A.are expert withB.show interest ofC.are
44、 fond forD.go in for13.I am sorry that I am not in a _ to help you right now.（分数：0.50）A.responsibility,B.positionC.powerD.skill14.Our new house is very _, for I can get to my office in five minutes.（分数：0.50）A.comfortableB.pleasantC.convenientD.available15.The audience stood and _ at the end of the p
45、erformance.（分数：0.50）A.welcomedB.clappedC.wavedD.celebrated16.Hardly _ how I passed the interview.（分数：0.50）A.I can understandB.understand I canC.can understand ID.can I understand17.When the fog got thicker, the search for the missing man was _.（分数：0.50）A.called atB.called upC.called onD.called off18
46、.He had two daughters, Alice and Sarah, the _ of whom married an archaeologist.（分数：0.50）A.youngB.formerC.elderlyD.old19.We had a party last week, and it was a lot of fun, so let“s have _ one.（分数：0.50）A.moreB.the otherC.otherD.another20.We arranged to meet at the station but she did not _.（分数：0.50）A.
47、break upB.turn upC.bring upD.set up21.A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, _ was to be expected.（分数：0.50）A.thatB.whatC.soD.as22.The manager urged his staff not to _ the precious opportunity.（分数：0.50）A.dropB.missC.escapeD.slide23._ I admire David as a poet, I do not like him as a man.（
48、分数：0.50）A.Much asB.Only ifC.If onlyD.As much24.Last year Mike earned _ his brother, though his brother has a better position.（分数：0.50）A.twice as much asB.twice as many asC.twice thanD.twice as more as25.If you suspect that illness might be serious, you should not _ going to the doctor.（分数：0.50）A.pic
49、k outB.make outC.put offD.give off26.I was just coming out of the sea after a swim _ I stepped on a sharp stone and cut my foot.（分数：0.50）A.whenB.asC.thenD.while27.I want to buy a new tie to _ my brown suit.（分数：0.50）A.agree withB.wearC.matchD.keep with28.How nice to see you again! You should have told me you _.（分数：0.50）A.are comingB.were comingC.will comeD.have come29.Would you
