1、Chapter 5 Study Guide,Integumentary System & Body Membranes,Chapter Objectives:,Classify, compare the structure of and give examples of each type of body membrane Describe the structure and function of the epidermis and dermis List and briefly describe each accessory organ of the skin List and discu
2、ss the three primary functions of the integumentary system Classify burns and describe how to estimate the extent of a burn injury,Classification of Body Membranes,Epithelial Membranes: Composed of epithelial tissue & underlying specialized connective tissue 1.Cutaneous aka skin 2.Serous aka saliva
3、3.Mucous aka snot :PConnective Tissue Membranes: Contain no epithelial component 1.Synovial line joint spaces between bones & bursae (sacs between moving body parts)smooth, thicksecrete synovial fluid = for lubrication & reduce friction in joints,Serous Membranes,Composition: 1. Thin layer of simple
4、 squamous epithelium 2. Thin layer of connective tissue -forms supportive basement membraneFunction: body cavity lining and organ surface covering (single membrane w/ its surfaces named separatley) *Parietal = name for body cavity lining *Visceral = name for serous membrane covering organs 2. Produc
5、e watery fluid to reduce friction very painful friction of lungs rubbing chest wall Abdominal cavity= called Peritoneum -Peritonitis=inflamed serous membranes in abdominal cavity,Mucous Membranes,Location: -line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior-respiratory, digestive, urinary & reprodu
6、ctive tractsComposition: *epithelium varies with location & function -Esophagus: stratified squamous epithelium to protect from rough particles -Lower Digestive Tract: simple columnar epithelium Function: -produce thick, slimy material- aka mucus (provide moisture)Mucocutaneous Junction =-skin and m
7、ucous membranes meet (eyelids, nasal opening) -lacks accessory glands, need mucous glands for moisture-common points of infection,The Skin *Primary organ of Integumentary System & largest body organ*,Structure: Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Appendages: Hair Receptors Nails Skin Glands -Sudoriferous
8、gland (sweat) -Sebaceous gland (oil) Function: Protection Temperature Regulation Sense organ activity Burns: Surface area estimation Classification,Structure: Epidermis outtermost layer,*Stratified Squamous Epithelium*Tightly PackedArranged in layers strataStratum Germinativum innermostreproduces it
9、self *self-repairing fxn!new cells move toward surface as they specialize withKeratin replaces cells cytoplasm= tough, waterproof material for protectionStratum Corneum outer layer of epidermiskeratin filled, dead cells flake off*Melanocytes deep in epidermis- produce melanin absorb harmful UV & giv
10、e skin darker pigment with less melanin color can change w/ blood flow or oxygen level changesCyanosis: skin bluish gray with blood O2 or blood flow*Specialized Junctions hold epidermis together and attach to dermisDermal-epidermal Junction= between thin epidermal layer and dermal layer belowBlister
11、s: result of weakened or destroyed junctions,Structure: Dermis,*Thicker layer *mostly connective tissue -cells scattered with fibers between Upper Region: -Dermal Papillae -parallel rows of bumps (impt in junction) -make finger/footprints unique Deeper Dermis: -Dense network of interlacing fibers-Sp
12、ecialized nerve netowork for sensory info,Subcutaneous aka. Hypodermis,-Layer of fatinsulation , provide stored energy, gives protection & shock absorption,Appendages Hair,Follicles: required for growthLanugo =hair of newbornHair Papilla: where hair growth beginsbase of follicleArrector Pili: small
13、smooth involuntary musclecontraction makes goose bumps (ex. in cold/ or fear ),Appendages Receptors,Appendages Nails,-produced by cells of epidermis-,Appendages Skin Glands,*Sudoriferous gland (sweat) 1. Eccrine: Most numerousproduce sweat 2. Apocrine Larger(growth starts at pupberty)Thicker secreti
14、ons*Sebaceous gland (oil)-Lubrication for hair and skinSecretions increase during adolescence w/ hormone changesSecretions decrease late adulthood forming wrinkles and cracks in skin,Function,1. Protection “First line of defense” Keratin prevents movement across skin barrier, keeps bacteria out and
15、keeps fluid in Melanin protects form UV 2. Temperature Regulation Sweat Evaporation principle heat loss mechanism 3. Sense Organ Activity Touch, pressure, pain & hot/cold,Burns,“Rule of Nines” Divides body into 11 areas-each 9% Recovery depends on total area involved and severity Classification of B
16、urns 1st Degree (sunburn)Minor discomfort, some reddening of skin, no blistering 2nd Degree Severe pain, deep epidermal layers & upper dermis injured, blisters, swelling, fluid loss, scaring common 3rd degree (full thickness burn)Complete destruction of epidermis and dermis, tissue death into subcutaneous tissue (can go to muscle or even bone), pain insensitive-nerve endings injured, serious fluid loss & risk of infection,
