1、10/10/2018,1,Bugs, Germs, Diseases and Other “Nasties”,Pacific EMPRINTS Presentation August 1, 2006,10/10/2018,2,PRESENTED BY:,John Casken, RN, MPH., PhD., Fellow, Royal Society of Health (U.K.) Director, Office of International Affairs School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene University of Hawaii at Ma
2、noa Honolulu, HI caskenhawaii.edu,10/10/2018,3,Outcomes,What youll learn from this presentation:Differences between bugs, germs, bacteria, and viruses Why these guys can cause trouble What we can do to protect ourselves,10/10/2018,4,What are we really talking about?,Germs?Bugs?Bacteria?Viruses?,10/1
3、0/2018,5,Germs and Bugs,In every day use, we might say: “I picked up a bug”What is a “bug”?1) Something small that is making us sick.2) Something we catch from someone else or from something like food that has gone “bad.”,10/10/2018,6,Germs and Bugs (2),Germs and bugs are not accurate words to use p
4、rofessionally in the health fieldBut after giving you a formal definition of bacteria and viruses, which are the more correct names for germs, we will go back to using bugs and germs,10/10/2018,7,Bacteria,Technical Definition: “Any of a variety of one-celled micro-organisms of the plant kingdom, exi
5、sting as free living organisms or parasites, multiplying by subdivision and having a large range or biochemical (including pathogenic) properties.” Melloni: Medical Dictionary,10/10/2018,8,More about Bacteria,Can exist almost anywhereMore bacteria as separate individuals than any other organismMore
6、useful types than harmful onesUsed in many human tasks making alcohol, cheese, sewage disposal,10/10/2018,9,Viruses,Technical Definition:“An intracellular, infectious parasite, capable of living and reproducing only in living cells”. Melloni: Medical Dictionary,10/10/2018,10,More about Viruses,They
7、are very tiny and require an electron microscope to be seenAre composed of mainly nucleic acid within a protein coatAt this time, viruses are not known to be of value to man, but as we have been able to work with them for only about 80 years, we still have a lot to learn about them.,10/10/2018,11,Ge
8、rms and Bugs Problems (1),Germs cause infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are a major problem in many parts of the world, especially poorer countries. TB, malaria, diarrhea, measles and HIV/AIDS are some of the major infectious diseases that are caused by germs.,10/10/2018,12,Germs and Bugs Pro
9、blems (2),Being sick with an infectious disease is a problem not just for the individual but for the persons family, the persons village and the whole community. If youre sick, you cant work; you cant harvest the crops. If youre sick, you can infect other people and so on and so on.,10/10/2018,13,Th
10、e Major Infection That Were Worried About,We lived with Malaria and TB and we know that they take a long time to kill us!Avian Flu or Pandemic Flu can kill many people, very fast.These flus are spread by germs,10/10/2018,14,Protection Against Bugs and Germs,The first thing to do is to ask how bugs a
11、nd germs grow and then how they spread among people and also among animals as they can also be affected by bugs and germs,10/10/2018,15,How Bugs and Germs Grow,Think of what we need to live and increase in numbers:A good safe place A good food source No enemies,10/10/2018,16,Good Places for Bugs to
12、Grow,Each type of bug can be different but for most them warmth and moisture are important. Food should be readily available. If no enemies they can multiple very fast.The inside of bodies is often an excellent place with everything that a bug needs!,10/10/2018,17,How Bugs and Germs Spread,1. They o
13、ften can move a little bit where they are living but cant make big moves.2. They need a carrier:peoplepetsanimalsinsects plants,10/10/2018,18,Using People,What did we do at the beginning of the class?Did anyone share my food and drink?Did anyone cough or sneeze?,10/10/2018,19,Using Pets,My dog likes
14、 me to scratch his ears and is always hanging around the kitchen and the table When I take my dog for a walkyes! If I dont pick it up there are a lot of germs in that mess waiting for a ride Dogs and cats can drool on furniture and lick our hands.,10/10/2018,20,Using Animals,Just like my dog, many a
15、nimals live near people and their poop has germs. People who work with the skins (or feathers) of wild or domestic animals can pick up germs from the skins (or feathers). Animals can get sick from their own diseases and die. Their carcasses can be full of germs waiting to be picked up.,10/10/2018,21
16、,Using Insects,Flies are everywhere. Just think: where was that fly walking before it walked on your food?Mosquitoes spread many germs that cause major diseases.Ticks and other insects feed on our blood and spread germs in the process.,10/10/2018,22,Using Plants,If you eat a vegetable or a fruit ask
17、 yourself how it got water? Who picked the plant? Who prepared it for the table?,10/10/2018,23,Protecting Ourselves,Basic Principle:Cut the spread of germs.If they cant spread and multiple, they will die off.,10/10/2018,24,Protecting Ourselves from Bugs and Germs,1. Avoid problem areas and sick peop
18、le2. Long lasting protection, such as vaccinations and immunizations “shots”3. Short lasting protection, such as bug spray,10/10/2018,25,More Protection,The basics: Soap and Water!Washing hands Happy Birthday x 2 Washing our bodies Washing our fresh fruits and vegetables Washing clothes Washing plac
19、es in our homes,10/10/2018,26,More Protection,For airborne spread:Cover mouth when coughing or sneezing Wearing a mask when dealing with items that have bugs and germs when other people are coughing and sneezing,10/10/2018,27,More Protection,To reduce germs around our housespick up poop get rid of t
20、hings that can hold still water get rid of rotten old food,10/10/2018,28,Avian Flu How Its Spread Among Birds,Normal spread is from a wild bird to domestic bird. Ducks, geese and swans are usual carriers. Can be spread among domestic birds by contaminated food and clothing, feed and cages. The curre
21、nt highly lethal virus HPAI H5N1 can survive for 35 days in contaminated poop at 4C and for 6 days at 37C.,10/10/2018,29,Spread from Birds to Humans,Still unclear how its spread but mainly through contact with dead or sick birds especially when slaughtering birds. Bird droppings can be a source of i
22、nfection in areas where kids might play. It does NOT appear to spread by eating thoroughly cooked meat.,10/10/2018,30,Why Avoid an Avian Flu Death?,H5N1 at the moment is highly lethal. Death is relatively rapid. Acute respiratory distress within around 6 days of infection you need to be intubated in
23、 order to breathe. Multi-organ failure and breakdown All the health staff will be wearing protective clothing no human contact.,10/10/2018,31,Can We Prevent Avian Flu Spread,Only way to successfully stop the spread is by slaughtering and carefully disposing the bodies of all the birds Rigorous disin
24、fecting of the farms and areas where the birds were How could this be done in the Islands?,10/10/2018,32,Are There Any Drugs to Prevent or Cure?,A number of firms are working on a vaccine against the H5N1 strain Tamiflu CAN be useful if given to the patient within 48-60hrs after symptoms begin,10/10
25、/2018,33,Current Situation,231 deaths since the beginning of the latest outbreak beginning December 2004 Most deaths have occurred in S.E.Asia but there have been deaths in Turkey. The disease has been detected in birds all over Europe and Asia WHO is paying very close attention to the problem as ar
26、e most countries in the whole world because the costs of a pandemic would be very high,10/10/2018,34,If There is an Outbreak of Pandemic Flu What happens?,To date the most talked about solution is social isolation for two weeks. However:1. Wed still need to clean up the virus2. How would your community cope with no one working for 2 weeks?,10/10/2018,35,Best Advice,Keep yourself up-to-date on what is happeningPractice the basic steps!,10/10/2018,36,Sign off,Enjoy your stay in Honolulu.,
