1、1,Careers in Academia: How to Succeed in the U.S.,Timothy A. Judge University of FloridaPostgraduate and Early Career Event (PECE) IWP International Conference Wednesday, 18 June 2008,2,My Comments Today,My experience of career Career paths in the U.S. Opportunities for European researchers to work
2、in the U.S. How to succeed in U.S. Im keeping my remarks brief to allow plenty of time for Q&A,3,My Experience of Career,Luck matters I entered job market with no publications, no papers under review, and received only 2 job talks (Notre Dame and Cornell) However, that was then Increasingly, publica
3、tion success is expected; it might be argued it is the sole metric of real importance,4,Career Paths,Former Harvard President Derek Bok: “The vita is the carrying card of academe” Upshot: Publish (how: in a moment) Foot in the door I am not a big networking person, but I do believe in “ports of entr
4、y” try to initiate research with those who have had recent success in top journals Bring something to the table,5,Opportunities,If you can, find a way to visit a place, ideally post-doc, to work with a productive researcher in your area of interest Funding of course is an issue Be creative about wha
5、t you bring to the table, and flexible (if you can) about funding,6,Getting published What causes article to be published? Is there anti-international bias? Getting cited What determines impact once published? Succeeding What determines career success in academe?,How to Succeed,7,Generating an Idea
6、Designing a Study Getting Data Writing a Paper Submitting a Paper Revising a Paper Publishing a Paper,Focus Today,Getting Published Publication Process,8,Whats a good idea? A mix of: Methodological quality (independent data sources, reliable measures, eliminates confounds, adheres to measurement pri
7、nciples) Interestingness (novel, thought-provoking, controversial) Hole in the literature (“little or no research has looked at X, Y, and Z”) Note that this cant compensate for a lack of 1 or 2 (e.g., no one in OB has studied the length of managers toenails) Drawing from outside area,Getting Publish
8、ed What Causes Article to be Published?,9,Interesting theories deny certain assumptions of their audience All interesting theoriesattack the taken-for-granted worlds of their audiences Interesting propositions involve the radical distinction between seeming and being, between the subject of phenomen
9、ology and the subject of ontology An audience finds a proposition interesting not because it tells them some truth they did not already know, but instead because it tells them some truth they thought they already knew was wrong,Getting Published InterestingnessDavis (1971),10,Bias is difficult to pr
10、ove; I dont even try Analyzed the 5,273 articles published in the top four I-O journals 1980 2006 Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP); Personnel Psychology (PPsych); Journal of Organizational Behavior (JOB); Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (JOOP) Classified articles based on ho
11、st country of authors (and grouped those by region),Getting Published Is There Pro U.S. Bias?,11,JAP=Journal of Applied Psychology. PPsych=Personnel Psychology. JOB=Journal of Organizational Behavior. JOOP=Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,% Published by Americans,Getting Publish
12、ed Is There Pro U.S. Bias?,Source: Judge & Simon, Psychology of Human Resources, 2007,12,Percent of Articles Published,Getting Published Is There Pro U.S. Bias?,Source: Judge & Simon, Psychology of Human Resources, 2007,13,Luck is biggest but least important factor When do you stop trying to publish
13、 a paper and move on? There is no definitive answer, but generally if something is rejected twice I “downshift” How can we from our failures? With whom do we work? Journals are becoming more international,Getting Published Conclusion,14,Contribution often unrecognized 41st chair (Descartes) Recognit
14、ion to the recognized Matthew effect (Robert Merton) We analyzed various author and article attributes as predictors of impact (cites) Universalistic: article attributes (idea, writing, methods) Particularistic: prestige, reputation (affiliation, TT pubs) Mixed: journal (subjective prestige, journal
15、 impact factor),Getting Cited Process Is Imperfect,Source: Judge, Colbert, Cable, & Rynes, Academy of Management Journal, 2007,15,Getting Cited Universalism vs. Particularism,Primary Review/ Empirical Theory All ArticlesArticles Articles Combined(N=342) (N=272) (N=614)Article attributes: Controls .0
16、58* .048* .053* Universalistic attributes .089* .058* .037* Mixed universalism and particularism .103* .138* .110* Particularistic attributes .005 .030* .016* Full model Multiple R .684* .686* .645* Overall Adjusted R2 .428* .433* .399*,Notes: Except for Full Model R and adjusted R2, statistics are
17、unique R2 for variable set. * p .05. * p .01. * p .001.,Source: Judge, Colbert, Cable, & Rynes, Academy of Management Journal, 2007,16,Getting Cited Conclusion,Universalism and particularism matter Good news quality of idea and writing appear to matter (what is good idea?) Bad news authors at presti
18、gious schools are more cited Methodological trade-off Methodological rigor may get an article accepted but it does not affect its impact Both journal IF and subj. prestige matter,17,Succeeding What Determines Career Success?,Conducted study to determine predictors of career success of 154 SIOP membe
19、rs Used survey and archival methodology Publications pre-PhD Advisor publications Publications post-PhD Prestige of first job Citations in career Career success Other variables: Prestige of PhD Gender Committee publications Experience,Source: Judge, Kammeyer-Mueller, & Bretz, Personnel Psychology, 2
20、004,18,Succeeding What Determines Career Success?,Publications of PhD advisor,Publications as PhD student,Prestige of first job post-PhD,Total publications in career,Total citations in career,.24*,.47*,.57*,.61*,.53*,Extrinsic career success,.32*,.36*,.59*,Source: Judge, Kammeyer-Mueller, & Bretz, P
21、ersonnel Psychology, 2004,Note: For simplicitys sake, these are zero-order correlations, not path coefficients.,19,In Closing,Focus on publishing in top journals Focus on “ports of entry” which can contribute to #1,20,I, and I know Fred, will be happy to entertain any questions nor matter how large or (seemingly) small,
