1、Designation: A 959 04Standard Guide forSpecifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions forWrought Stainless Steels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 959; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This document provides a guide to ASTM Subcommit-tees A01.06, A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and A01.28 for speci-fyin
3、g chemical composition limits of wrought stainless steels.It is intended that these recommended grade composition limitsbe suitable for adoption by other standardization bodies thatprepare standards for stainless steel products.1.2 Included in this guide are the recommendations fordetermining the nu
4、mber of significant figures for specifyingchemical composition from Test Methods, Practices, and Ter-minology A 751.1.3 All stainless steel UNS numbers and the stainless steelgrades in all standards overseen by the aforementioned ASTMsubcommittees have been included, except those grades appli-cable
5、to restricted special end uses and alloys containing lessthan 10.5 % minimum chromium.1.4 Not addressed are minor composition modificationswhich a specific product subcommittee may find necessary toaccommodate effects of normal processing or to enhancefabricability by the producer or user, or both.1
6、.5 Also not generally addressed (except when establishedby ASTM product subcommittees) is a complete rationalizationof all limits, especially when such would conflict with long-standing practices and is not justified by special technicaleffect.1.6 Excluded from this guide are cast material and weldi
7、ngfiller metal.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsE 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)2.2 SAE Standards:J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals andAlloys3HS-1086 Metals and Alloys in
8、 the Unified NumberingSystem33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 austenitic grade, nmetallurgical term meaning thatthe material is usually predominantly face-centered cubic instructure and hardenable only by cold working.3.1.2 austenitic-ferritic (duplex) grade, nm
9、etallurgicalterm meaning that the material is a mixture of austenitic andferritic structures, with at least one-fourth of the lesser phase,and hardenable only by cold working.3.1.3 ferritic grade, nmetallurgical term meaning that thematerial is body-centered cubic in structure (with little, if any,t
10、empered martensite) and hardenable only slightly by coldworking (responding little or only slightly to conventional heattreatment by quenching and tempering).3.1.4 martensitic grade, nmetallurgical term meaning thatthe material is capable of being produced in a distortedbody-centered cubic structure
11、 by conventional heat treatingand quenching, and that the quenched structure is capable ofconventional tempering. Martensitic grades are delivered in theannealed (ferritic) condition or the hardened and tempered(martensitic) condition.3.1.5 precipitation hardening grade, nmetallurgical termmeaning t
12、hat the material may be basically austenitic ormartensitic in structure and hardenable by precipitation hard-ening (sometimes called age hardening).3.1.6 standard stainless steel grade, nlisted chemicalcomposition associated with a stainless steel grade identifiedby a particular UNS number appearing
13、 in SAE publicationHS-1086, except as modified by an ASTM subcommitteehaving oversight of a wrought stainless steel product wheresuch a modification is justified by a specific technical effect.4. Significance and Use4.1 It is anticipated that the ASTM Subcommittees A01.06,A01.10, A01.17, A01.22, and
14、 A01.28 will use the standard1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.17 on Flat-Rolled and Wrought Stainless Steel.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Ori
15、ginallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 959-03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
16、e ASTM website.3Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sposition
17、 limits listed in this guide for the grades identifiedby the corresponding UNS designation in the product specifi-cation unless there is a specific technical justification for doingotherwise. The compositions in this guide shall not be consid-ered as chemical requirements for any particular product
18、untiladopted by the subcommittee overseeing that product.4.2 Assuming that uniform compositions among the manyproduct standards for stainless steel are desirable, the compo-sition limits provided in this standard are to be used as guidesin determining limits for each of the elements included in thet
19、otal composition of each grade. The composition limits havebeen established with the intent that each product subcommit-tee will find it necessary to require only a minimum number ofchanges to reflect specific technical effects. Section 5 lists thegeneral guidelines followed for determining the limi
20、ts for eachelement; the limits established in this guide are based on theseguidelines.4.3 Not included in this standard stainless steel gradeharmonization effort is an attempt to unify stainless steelcompositions in ASTM product standards by any means otherthan recognizing current industry practices
21、.5. General Guidelines Used for Determining CompositionLimits5.1 CarbonIt is recommended that limits be to only twodecimal places for levels of 0.04 % and higher because it is notnecessary to control to such precision at levels above 0.04 %.(It should be recognized that limits such as 0.045 % maximu
22、mmay also be simply stated as 0.04 % maximum.) It is alsorecommended that three decimal places be used at levels of0.030 % and lower, unless, for example, it is clearly recognizedthat 0.03 % maximum means that 0.035 % is satisfactory.5.2 ManganeseExcept for the Cr-Ni-Mn grades(S2XXXX), it is recomme
23、nded that limits of 2 % maximumand 1 % maximum be used for the austenitic and other gradesrespectively, except for the free machining grades with highsulfur or selenium, or when necessary to promote nitrogensolubility.5.3 PhosphorusIt is recommended that 0.045 % maxi-mum be applied to austenitic gra
24、des, and 0.040 % maximum toother grades unless the sponsoring producer recommends alower limit for specific technical effect. Exceptionsome ofthe Cr-Ni-Mn austenitic grades have always been produced to0.060 % maximum.5.4 SulfurIt is recommended that 0.030 % maximum beapplied to all grades except the
25、 free-machining grades unlesslower limits have been required for specific technical effects.5.5 SiliconPast practice has been to establish 0.75 %maximum for tubular related products such as flat rolled andtubulars, and 1.00 % maximum for long products and forgings.For grades produced both as long an
26、d flat-rolled products, 1 %maximum was chosen since it will also include productsmelted to lower limits. Use of lower or higher limits should bebased on specific technical effect.5.6 ChromiumA composition spread of 2 % is recom-mended; existing broader limits were not reduced to less thana 3 % sprea
27、d.5.7 NickelIt is recommended that the composition spreadnot exceed 3 % unless a broader (generally higher) spread isjustified by specific technical effect.5.8 MolybdenumIt is recommended that the compositionspread not exceed 1 %, unless a broader range is justified byspecific technical effect. Moly
28、bdenum limits having only amaximum limit but no minimum should not be used unlessjustified by specific technical effect.5.9 NitrogenIt is recommended that nitrogen limits hav-ing only a maximum limit but no minimum should not be usedunless justified by specific technical effect.5.10 CopperIt is reco
29、mmended that copper limits havingonly a maximum limit but no minimum should not be usedunless justified by specific technical effect.5.11 Columbium and TantalumExcept for special appli-cations requiring positive identification of tantalum, it isrecommended that prior listings of these two elements t
30、ogetherbe limited to listing only columbium. The words “columbium”and “niobium” refer to the same element.6. Harmonized Standard Grade Stainless SteelCompositions6.1 The harmonized composition limits are shown in Table1, grouped by metallurgical classification, that is, austenitic,austenitic-ferriti
31、c, etc. Within those groups, grades are listed byUNS designation, in numerical order.6.2 Unless adopted by the appropriate product subcommit-tee in a product standard, the compositions described in thisguide shall not be used for specifying an ASTM product.7. Keywords7.1 austenitic stainless steels;
32、 austenitic-ferritic or ferritic-austenitic stainless steels; duplex stainless steels; ferritic stain-less steels; harmonized stainless steel compositions; martensi-tic stainless steels; precipitation hardening stainless steels;standard stainless steel grade compositionsA959042TABLE 1 Chemical Compo
33、sition Limits, %AUNSDesignationBTypeCCarbon ManganesePhos-phorusSulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen CopperOtherElementsAustenitic GradesS16800 16-8-2HD0.050.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 14.516.5 7.59.5 1.502.00 . . . . . . . . .S20100 201 0.15 5.57.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 3.55.5 . . .
34、 0.25 . . . . . .S20103 201L 0.03 5.57.5 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 3.55.5 . . . 0.25 . . . . . .S20153 201LND0.03 6.47.5 0.045 0.015 1.00 16.017.5 4.05.0 . . . 0.100.25 . . . Cu 1.00S20161 . . . 0.15 4.06.0 0.045 0.030 3.04.0 15.018.0 4.06.0 . . . 0.080.20 . . . . . .S20162 . . . 0.15 4.08.0 0.040 0
35、.040 2.54.5 16.521.0 6.010.0 0.502.50 0.050.25 . . . . . .S20200 202 0.15 7.510.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 4.06.0 . . . 0.25 . . . . . .S20300 XM-1E0.08 5.06.5 0.045 0.180.35 1.00 16.018.0 5.06.5 . . . . . . . . . Cu 1.752.25S20400 . . . . . . 0.030 7.09.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 15.017.0 1.503.00 . . . 0
36、.150.30 . . .S20430 . . . 0.15 6.59.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 15.517.5 1.503.50 . . . 0.050.25 2.04.0 . . .S20500 205 0.120.25 14.015.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 16.518.0 1.001.75 . . . 0.320.40 . . . . . .S20910 XM-19E0.06 4.06.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 20.523.5 11.513.5 1.503.00 0.200.40 . . . Cb 0.100.30,V 0.100.30S214
37、00 XM-31E0.12 14.016.0 0.045 0.030 0.301.00 17.018.5 1.00 . . . 0.35 min . . . . . .S21460 XM-14E0.12 14.016.0 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 5.06.0 . . . 0.350.50 . . . . . .S21500 . . . 0.060.15 5.57.0 0.045 0.030 0.21.0 14.016.0 9.011.0 0.801.20 . . . . . . Cb 0.751.25,V 0.150.40,B 0.0030.009S21600 XM
38、-17E0.08E7.59.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.520.5 5.07.0 2.003.00 0.250.50 . . . . . .S21603 XM-18E0.03E7.59.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.520.5 5.07.0 2.003.00 0.250.50 . . . . . .S21800 . . . 0.10 7.09.0 0.060 0.030 3.54.5 16.018.0 8.09.0 . . . 0.080.18 . . . . . .S21900 XM-10E0.08 8.010.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.021
39、.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40 . . . . . .S21904 XM-11E0.04 8.010.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.021.5 5.57.5 . . . 0.150.40 . . . . . .S24000 XM-29E0.08 11.514.5 0.060 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 2.33.7 . . . 0.200.40 . . . . . .S24100 XM-28E0.15 11.014.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.519.0 0.502.50 . . . 0.200.45 . . . . . .S2820
40、0 . . . 0.15 17.019.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 . . . 0.751.25 0.400.60 . . . Cu 0.751.25S30100 301 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 6.08.0 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .S30103 301LD0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 5.08.0 . . . 0.20 . . . . . .S30153 301LND0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 5.08.0
41、. . . 0.070.20 . . . . . .S30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .S30215 302B 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 2.003.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .S30300 303 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.15 min 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S30310 XM-15E0.15 2.54.5 0.20 0.25
42、min 1.00 17.019.0 7.09.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S30323 303Se 0.15 2.00 0.20 0.06 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . Se 0.15 minS30345 XM-2E0.15 2.00 0.05 0.110.16 1.00 17.019.0 8.010.0 0.400.60 . . . . . . Al 0.601.00S30400 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、S30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.012.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S30409 304H 0.040.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S30415 . . . 0.040.06 0.80 0.045 0.030 1.002.00 18.019.0 9.010.0 . . . 0.120.18 . . . Ce 0.030.08S30430 . . . 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00
44、17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . . . . . . . Cu 3.04.0S30432 . . . 0.070.13 0.50 0.045 0.030 0.30 17.019.0 7.510.5 . . . 0.050.12 2.53.5 Cb 0.200.60,Al 0.0030.030,B 0.0010.010S30451 304N 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . 0.100.16 . . . . . .S30452 XM-21E0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.01
45、0.0 . . . 0.160.30 . . . . . .S30453 304LN 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . 0.100.16 . . . . . .S30454 304LHND0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 18.020.0 8.011.0 . . . 0.160.30 . . . . . .S30500 305 0.12 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 17.019.0 11.013.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S30600 . . . 0.018 2.00
46、 0.020 0.020 3.74.3 17.018.5 14.015.5 0.20 . . . . . . Cu 0.50S30601 . . . 0.015 0.500.80 0.030 0.013 5.05.6 17.018.0 17.018.0 0.20 0.05 . . . Cu 0.35S30615 . . . 0.160.24 2.00 0.030 0.030 3.24.0 17.019.5 13.516.0 . . . . . . . . . Al 0.801.50S30800 308 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.021.0 10.012.0 .
47、 . . . . . . . . . . .S30815 . . . 0.050.10 0.80 0.040 0.030 1.402.00 20.022.0 10.012.0 . . . 0.140.20 . . . Ce 0.030.08S30900 309 0.20 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S30908 309S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S30909 309HD0.040.10
48、2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.015.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S30940 309CbD0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.016.0 Cb 10xC-1.10S30941 309HCbD0.040.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 22.024.0 12.016.0 . . . . . . . . . Cb 10xC-1.10S31000 310D0.25 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.50 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . . . . .
49、.S31002 . . . 0.015 2.00 0.020 0.015 0.15 24.026.0 19.022.0 0.10 0.10 . . . . . .S31008 310S 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S31009 310HD0.040.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .S31040 310CbD0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 24.026.0 19.022.0 . . . . . . . . . Cb 10xC-1.10S31041 310HCbD0.040.1
