1、Designation: C535 16Standard Test Method forResistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregateby Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scop
3、e*1.1 This test method covers testing sizes of coarse aggregatelarger than 19 mm (34 in.) for resistance to degradation usingthe Los Angeles testing machine (Note 1).NOTE 1A procedure for testing coarse aggregate smaller than 37.5mm (112 in.) is covered in Test Method C131/C131M.1.2 The values state
4、d in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
5、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC131/C131M Test Method for Resistance to Degradation ofSmall-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion
6、 and Impact inthe Los Angeles MachineC136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine andCoarse AggregatesC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregateto Testing SizeD75/D75M Practice for Sam
7、pling AggregatesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology C125.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test is a measure of degradation of mineral aggre-gates of standard gradings resulting from
8、a combination ofactions including abrasion or attrition, impact, and grinding ina rotating steel drum containing 12 steel spheres. As the drumrotates, a shelf plate picks up the sample and the steel spheres,carrying them around until they are dropped to the oppositeside of the drum, creating an impa
9、ct-crushing effect. Thecontents then roll within the drum with an abrading andgrinding action until the shelf plate picks up the sample and thesteel spheres, and the cycle is repeated. After the prescribednumber of revolutions, the contents are removed from the drumand the aggregate portion is sieve
10、d to measure the degradationas percent loss.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test has been widely used as an indicator of therelative quality or competence of various sources of aggregatehaving similar mineral compositions. The results do notautomatically permit valid comparisons to be made betweensou
11、rces distinctly different in origin, composition, or structure.Assign specification limits with extreme care in considerationof available aggregate types and their performance history inspecific end uses.6. Apparatus6.1 The Los Angeles Machine shall conform to the require-ments of Test Method C131/C
12、131M.6.1.1 The operation and maintenance of the machine shallbe as prescribed in Test Method C131/C131M.6.2 Sieves, conforming to Specification E11.6.3 BalanceA balance or scale accurate within 0.1 % oftest load over the range required for this test6.4 ChargeThe charge (Note 2) shall consist of 12 s
13、teelspheres averaging approximately 47 mm (12732 in.) in1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved June 15, 2016. Published June 2016.
14、 Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C535 12. DOI:10.1520/C0535-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards D
15、ocument Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1diameter, each having a mass between 390 and 445 g, andhaving a total mass of 500
16、0 6 25 g.NOTE 2Steel ball bearings 46.0 mm (11316 in.) and 47.6 mm (178 in.)in diameter, having a mass approximately 400 and 440 g each,respectively, are readily available. Steel spheres 46.8 mm (12732 in.) indiameter having a mass approximately 420 g may also be obtainable. Thecharge may consist of
17、 a mixture of these sizes conforming to the totalmass tolerance of 6.4.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain the field sample in accordance with PracticeD75/D75M and reduce to an adequate sample size in accor-dance with Practice C702/C702M.8. Test Sample Preparation8.1 Wash the reduced sample and oven dry at 110 6
18、5C(230 6 9F) to substantially constant mass, separate intoindividual size fractions, and recombine to the grading of Table1 most nearly corresponding to the range of sizes in theaggregate as furnished for the work. Record the mass of thesample prior to test to the nearest 1 g.9. Procedure9.1 Place t
19、he test sample and charge in the Los Angelestesting machine and rotate the machine at 30 to 33 r/min for1000 revolutions (Note 3). After the prescribed number ofrevolutions, discharge the material from the machine and makea preliminary separation of the sample on a sieve coarser thanthe 1.70-mm (No.
20、 12) sieve. Sieve the finer portion on a1.70-mm sieve in a manner conforming to Test MethodC136/C136M. Wash the material coarser than the 1.70-mmsieve and oven dry at 110 6 5C (230 6 9F) to substantiallyconstant mass, and determine the mass to the nearest1g.9.1.1 If the aggregate is essentially free
21、 of adherent coatingsand dust, the requirement for washing after the test is optional.However, in the case of referee testing, the washing procedureshall be performed. Elimination of washing after test willseldom reduce the measured loss by more than about 0.2 % ofthe original sample mass.NOTE 3Valu
22、able information concerning the uniformity of the sampleunder test may be obtained by determining the loss after 200 revolutions.This loss should be determined by dry sieving the material on the1.70-mm (No. 12) sieve without washing. The ratio of the loss after 200revolutions to the loss after 1000
23、revolutions should not greatly exceed0.20 for material of uniform hardness. When this determination is made,take care to avoid losing any part of the sample; return the entire sample,including the dust of fracture, to the testing machine for the final 800revolutions required to complete the test.10.
24、 Calculation10.1 Calculate the loss (the difference between the originalmass and the final mass of the test sample) as a percentage ofthe original mass of the test sample (Note 4).NOTE 4The percent loss determined by this method has no knownconsistent relationship to the percent loss for the same ma
25、terial whentested by Test Method C131/C131M.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.2 Identification of the aggregate as to source, type, andnominal size, and11.3 Grading designation from Table 1 used for the test, and11.4 Loss by abrasion and impact of the sample expressed tothe nearest
26、1 % by mass.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Precision:12.1.1 Single Operator PrecisionThe single-operator co-efficient of variation has been found to be 3.7 %. Therefore,results of two properly conducted tests by the same operator onthe same material are not expected to differ by more than 10.4% of their
27、 average.12.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratory co-efficient of variation has been found to be 6.4 %. Therefore,results of two different laboratories on identical samples of thesame material are not expected to differ from each other bymore than 18.1 % of their average.NOTE 5These preci
28、sion values were obtained in two interlaboratorystudies, one that included 10 laboratories testing limestone samples andone that included 11 laboratories testing granite samples. Each participat-ing laboratory was given an aggregate sample conforming to Grading 1and another sample conforming to Grad
29、ing 2. All resulting coefficientswere combined and averaged. The details are given in RR:C09-1046.312.2 Bias:12.2.1 Because there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias in this test method, nostatement on bias is made.13. Keywords13.1 abrasion; aggregate (coarse; large si
30、ze); degradation;impact; Los Angeles machine3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C09-1046. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 Gradings of Test SamplesSieve Size, mm (in.) (Square Openings) Mass of
31、Indicated Sizes, gPassing Retained onGrading12375 (3) 63 (212) 2 500 50 . .63 (212) 50(2) 250050 . .50 (2) 37.5 (112) 500050 500050 .37.5 (112) 25.0 (1) . 5 000 25 5 000 2525.0 (1) 19.0 (34) . . 5 000 25Total 10 000 100 10 000 75 10 000 50C535 162APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MAINTENANCE OF
32、SHELFX1.1 The shelf of the Los Angeles machine is subject tosevere surface wear and impact. With use, the working surfaceof the shelf is peened by the balls and tends to develop a ridgeof metal parallel to and about 32 mm (114 in.) from the junctionof the shelf and the inner surface of the cylinder.
33、 If the shelf ismade from a section of rolled angle, not only may this ridgedevelop but the shelf itself may be bent longitudinally ortransversely from its proper position.X1.2 The shelf should be inspected periodically to deter-mine that it is not bent either lengthwise or from its normalradial pos
34、ition with respect to the cylinder. If either conditionis found, the shelf should be repaired or replaced before furthertests are made. The influence on the test result of the ridgedeveloped by peening of the working face of the shelf is notknown. However, for uniform test conditions, it is recom-me
35、nded that the ridge be ground off if its height exceeds 0.1 in.(2 mm).SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,C535 12, that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved June 15, 2016)(1) Revised Section 12.ASTM Int
36、ernational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirel
37、y their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand sh
38、ould be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on St
39、andards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163
