1、清华大学考博英语模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature_ to protect the dolphins. （ A） reservation （ B） rescue （ C） reserve （ D） refugee 2 Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this
2、will_ the memory of the passers-by. （ A） keep （ B） ease （ C） jog （ D） enhance 3 Diamonds have little_value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity. （ A） intricate （ B） intact （ C） intriguing （ D） intrinsic 4 At the moment she is_the netball match between the Japanese team and the C
3、uban team over at the playing field. （ A） arbitrating （ B） intervening （ C） refereeing （ D） deciding 5 Any time_, any period of waiting is because you havent come and received the message. （ A） error （ B） cut （ C） lack （ D） lag 6 James Joyce was_as the greatest writer of the 20th century. （ A） salut
4、ed （ B） estimated （ C） scaled （ D） measured 7 As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question_asserting, advocating or bearing witness. （ A） rather than （ B） other than （ C） together with （ D） as
5、well as 8 Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comets surface in order to reveal the core and give some_to the origin of the solar system. （ A） sources （ B） interpretations （ C） clues （ D） observations 9 The Japanese Prime Ministers_is a seat on the U. N. Security Council
6、, for which he will be lobbying at the summit. （ A） precedence （ B） promise （ C） priority （ D） procedure 10 This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was_ 12 percent. （ A） in case of （ B） in view of （ C） in face of （ D） in excess of 11 How well a person_depends j
7、ust as much on whether theyre self-confident as it does on particular skills and expertise. （ A） jumps out （ B） turns out （ C） covers up （ D） turns up 12 The skin of the forest keeper_exposure to the harsh northwest weather. （ A） is tanned from （ B） is colored from （ C） is tainted by （ D） is encoded
8、 by 13 The Court of Auditors of the EU is an_body and acts independently from all other institutions. （ A） indifferent （ B） imperative （ C） impartial （ D） incoherent 14 Since it is too late to change my mind, I am_to carrying out the plan. （ A） committed （ B） obliged （ C） engaged （ D） resolved 15 Th
9、e possibilities of an autumn election cannot be_. （ A） struck out （ B） left out （ C） ruled out （ D） counted out 16 Hotels and restaurants are an _part of the city; without them the citys tourist industry cannot exist. （ A） insignificant （ B） integral （ C） interior （ D） inevitable 17 I reject any rel
10、igious doctrine that does not_to reason and is in conflict with morality. （ A） apply （ B） appeal （ C） attract （ D） attend 18 There are three bodies of writing that come to_this question and we will consider each in turn. （ A） bear on （ B） sort out （ C） figure out （ D） put on 19 Success does not_in n
11、ever making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time. （ A） comprise （ B） convey （ C） consist （ D） conform 20 Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to_the extent of the cruel acts committed by their soldiers. （ A） live up to （ B） mark down （ C） size up （ D） play down 21 The probl
12、em is that most local authorities lack the_to deal sensibly in this market. （ A） anticipation （ B） perception （ C） prospect （ D） expertise 22 Awards provide a(n)_for young people to improve their skills. （ A） incentive （ B） initiative （ C） fugitive （ D） captive 23 The profit motive is inherently_wit
13、h principles of fairness and equity. （ A） in line （ B） in trade （ C） at times （ D） at odds 24 Oil is derived from the_of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists. （ A） layouts （ B） reminders （ C） remains （ D） leftovers 25 Successful students sometimes become so_with
14、 grades that they never enjoy their school years. （ A） passionate （ B） involved （ C） immersed （ D） obsessed 26 Apparently there were_between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times. （ A） distortions （ B） discrepancies （ C） disorders （ D） distractions 27 It had been a terrible
15、 afternoon for Jane, _at about six oclock in her fathers sudden collapse into unconsciousness. （ A） converging （ B） culminating （ C） finalizing （ D） releasing 28 The 12-year-old civil war had_5 million lives. （ A） declared （ B） proclaimed （ C） claimed （ D） asserted 29 The tribe has agreed to contrib
16、ute 2 percent of net_to charitable activities in the county. （ A） expenses （ B） revenues （ C） budgets （ D） payments 30 This will make schools more directly and effectively_to parents, and more responsive to their criticisms and wishes. （ A） accountable （ B） submitted （ C） subjected （ D） available 31
17、 Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never _from the highest standards of honor. （ A） deviate （ B） escape （ C） derive （ D） refrain 32 They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science, which is also listed _in the glossary. （ A） in sum （ B） in
18、total （ C） in general （ D） in full 33 This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a_for more. （ A） scarcity （ B） command （ C） hunger （ D） request 34 Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam_, surveying what is on offer and gathering literatu
19、re on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things. （ A） at peace （ B） at leisure （ C） at rest （ D） at speed 35 The closest_to English and Welsh grammar schools are called grammar secondary schools; they can, however, accept some fee-paying pupils. （ A） equality （ B） equation （ C
20、） equivalent （ D） equity 36 At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _ revised. （ A） consecutively （ B） consequently （ C） successively （ D） subsequently 37 He_us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues we are concerned about. （ A） confuses （ B） rega
21、rds （ C） strikes （ D） knocks 38 The water was so clear that it_the trees on the river bank. （ A） shadowed （ B） shaded （ C） represented （ D） reflected 39 Some 121 countries may be designated “developing“, and of this 121, seventeen countries _more than four-fifths of energy consumption. （ A） amount t
22、o （ B） account for （ C） add up （ D） take away 40 The researchers found the age at which young people first fall_to bullies seems to determine how much it affects them. （ A） sacrifice （ B） short （ C） witness （ D） victim 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 One hundred boats bearing one million desperate uninv
23、ited immigrants set sail from the Ganges(恒河 )for the fabled coast of the French Riviera. They are totally destitute and have decided that their only chance of survival is in a country with a conscience that traditionally welcomes refugees from the Third World. Their journey will take 50 days. In Fra
24、nce, the news is trumpeted with pride by the liberal media, churchmen and left-wing activists. Favorable media echoes are heard all over Europe. Political leaders and the armed forces fumble for common policies. Publicly, French authorities praise the intrepid voyagers. Privately, they exchange idea
25、s on how they can divert one million hungry souls to other shores. A trendy French radio journalist, Albert Dufort, sees the makings of a historical redistribution of wealth between the First and Third Worlds. “Were all from the Ganges now,“ he proclaims. Schoolchildren write essays eulogizing latte
26、r day “ sans culottes“. The theme is picked up and sweeps across the continent. As the armada makes it through the Straits of Gibraltar, panic sets in. The inhabitants of the French Riviera begin to flee north. The president of France orders the armed forces deployed along the coast. They are told t
27、heir mission is to defend the country against the now imminent invasion of one million poverty-stricken people from the Ganges. But with ears glued to their transistor radios they heed Duforts call not to oppose the landings. They desert en masse. Police open jail cells before shedding their uniform
28、s and hotfooting it home to take care of their families. Terrified by what he has wrought, Dufort heads for Switzerland in his expensive sports car, but he is recognized en route and murdered. As hundreds of thousands of inhabitants of coastal towns and the surrounding Provence country move north, t
29、ens of thousands of revolutionary students travel south to greet their Ganges brothers. Unbeknownst to the welcoming throngs of idealists, the Ganges multitudes are coming to settle scores with the wealthy West that has kept them subjugated without hope of a better life. They hate the West their lea
30、ders said had robbed them of the higher standard of living they are entitled to. The one million Ganges folk are not alone. Millions of others are monitoring their progress from all over the Third World and plan to follow them to the Promised Land. Thus the Third World conquers modern industrialized
31、 societies, but not before much mayhem and unspeakable carnage and atrocities. 41 That part of the sentence “a country with a conscience that traditionally welcomes refugees from the Third World“ probably means_. （ A） a country showing sympathy for the refugees from the Third World （ B） a place with
32、 clean conscience that all men in the world should be equal in every way （ C） a nation that shares the same tradition with the third world countries （ D） a state that strongly believes that all refugees should be treated as a human being 42 From Paragraph Two it can be inferred that_. （ A） France is
33、 the unique country that shows unconditional sympathy for the Indian refugees （ B） France intends to make the refugee problem politically publicized for its own benefit （ C） some French people actually hate the intrusion of so many refugees from the Ganges （ D） political leaders and the armed forces
34、 are particularly enthusiastic in receiving the refugees 43 All of the following about Paragraph 3 are true EXCEPT that_. （ A） Albert Dufort sees the large size emigration from the Ganes is a historical redistribution of wealth between the First and Third Worlds （ B） the theme on the large size emig
35、ration from Ganges is reported widely across the European continent （ C） Albert Dufort believes that even his own country-fellows are also originated from the Ganges （ D） schoolchildren write compositions showing their shock at the historical move of immigrants 44 What happened to the trendy French
36、radio journalist, Albert Dufort, according to the passage? （ A） He was recognized as a famous reporter after the historical move of immigrants. （ B） He was killed for some unknown reasons. （ C） He believed that he was also an immigrant from India. （ D） Tens of thousands of students travel south to g
37、reet him. 44 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It has also had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings,
38、what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are a
39、ccompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?“ and “How did it happen?“ have given way to the question “Why did it happen?“ Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why“ is psychoanalysis, and its
40、 use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical context. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this practical use of psychology is not what psychoh
41、istorians intend. They are committed not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts“ not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, b
42、ut from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore ass
43、essable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their lightness of their theses. Psychohisotrians, convinced of the absolute lightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “
44、deepest“ explanation of any event, which other explanations fall short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history(in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and wil
45、l of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of resp
46、ecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 45 Which of the following best states the main point of the passage? （ A） The approach of psychohistorians to histo
47、rical study is currently popular even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method. （ B） Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians. （ C） Areas of sociological study such as childhood and word are of little interes
48、t to traditional historians. （ D） The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life. 46 It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that trad
49、itional history usually_. （ A） views past events as complex and having their own individuality （ B） relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical events （ C） interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcended （ D） turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events 47 The
