1、翻译硕士英语模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Vocabulary 1 It used to be _ impossible to find vegetarian restaurants outside the major cities, but now they can be found in many towns and cities. （ A） fantastically （ B） readily （ C） virtually （ D） primarily 2 I was going to spend my holiday in Italy next year but the price
2、of everything has rather _ the idea. Perhaps I shall to Spain instead. （ A） bogged me down （ B） turned me out （ C） set me back （ D） put me off 3 _ of our personal rhythms, most of us have a productive period between 10a. m. and noon, when the stomach, pancreas, spleen and heart all appear to be in t
3、heir most active phases. （ A） Irrespective （ B） Irrelevant （ C） Disregarding （ D） Despite 4 The lawsuit was lost because of _ in the statements of the witness. （ A） discrepancies （ B） conjugations （ C） coincidences （ D） remonstrations 5 Many who _ their visits to the dentist regret it later. （ A） re
4、fer （ B） infer （ C） defer （ D） confer 6 The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial wars that _ Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one another. （ A） pitted （ B） clipped （ C） alleged （ D） embarked 7 We did hold a meeting yesterday, but yo
5、u _, so we did not inform you. （ A） did not need attending （ B） neednt have attended （ C） did not need to attend （ D） neednt attend 8 In her time, Isadora Duncan was _ today a liberated woman. （ A） calling what we would （ B） who would be calling （ C） what we would call （ D） she would call it 9 The f
6、act that the management is trying to reach agreement _ five separate unions has led to long negotiations. （ A） over （ B） upon （ C） in （ D） with 10 After the Arab state won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _ to go to school. （ A） to be encourage
7、d （ B） being encouraged （ C） to have been encouraged （ D） be encouraged 11 If you dont eat enough fruit and vegetables, you may suffer from a vitamin _. （ A） shortage （ B） insufficiency （ C） deficiency （ D） defect 12 Theartists use of swirls of _ colors conveys a sense of excitement. （ A） vigorous （
8、 B） drastic （ C） vibrant （ D） strident 13 False conflict, also known as illusory conflict, occurs when people believe that their interests are incompatible with the other partys interests _, in fact, they are not. （ A） whether （ B） but （ C） when （ D） for 14 The story is about a kindly, generous, che
9、erful _ who loves and is loved by everyone. （ A） misanthrope （ B） wanderer （ C） entertainer （ D） hater 15 A full-sized tripod is far too _ to carry around. I find this pocket-sized one is much handier. （ A） overweight （ B） inept （ C） unwieldy （ D） outsize 16 It is unlikely he can significantly contr
10、ibute to the highly competitive strategies that food _ demands. （ A） retail （ B） retain （ C） retailing （ D） retaining 17 _ when she started complaining. （ A） Not until he arrived （ B） No sooner had he arrived （ C） Hardly had he arrived （ D） Scarcely did he arrive 18 One of the most _ challenges that
11、 the United States-and indeed, the world-will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment. （ A） consequential （ B） subsequent （ C） emergent （ D） pressing 19 From cave paintings and from _ on bone and reindeer horn, it is kn
12、own that prehistoric humans were close observers of nature who carefully tracked the seasons and times of the year. （ A） apparently regular scratches （ B） scratching apparently regularly （ C） regular scratches apparently （ D） scratches regular apparently 20 Hotel rooms must be _ by noon, but luggage
13、 may be left with the porter. （ A） departed （ B） abandoned （ C） vacated （ D） displaced 21 The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly _. （ A） noticed （ B） to be noticed （ C） being noticed （ D） to notice 22 _ mechanical device has e
14、ver been invented that can satisfactorily replace teasel flower heads for raising the nap on cloth. （ A） No （ B） Not the （ C） Never has a （ D） There is no 23 The statesman was evidently _ by the journalists questions and glared at him for a few seconds. （ A） put down （ B） put out （ C） put across （ D
15、） put away 24 Thomas Hardys novels are said to suffer from the “long arm of coincidence“ because too many events seem to have a casual rather than a _ connection. （ A） incidental （ B） substantial （ C） causal （ D） plausible 25 Lowbrows are quite _ for highbrows to have symphonies and their Russian no
16、vels. （ A） skeptical （ B） contained （ C） stunning （ D） yearning 26 She waited at the gate, her hands _ before her. （ A） folding （ B） were folding （ C） were folded （ D） folded 27 They designed _ than a matchbox. （ A） no bigger a model （ B） a no bigger model （ C） a bigger model no （ D） a model no bigg
17、er 28 She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would _ her long effort. （ A） justify （ B） testify （ C） rectify （ D） verify 29 In order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become _ at mathematics. （ A） proficient （ B） outstanding （ C） prominent （ D） experienced 30 Lan
18、guage belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner _ to the professor. （ A） as far as （ B） the same as （ C） as much as （ D） as long as 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 Most students arrive at college using“ discrete, concrete and absolute categories to understand people, knowledge, and values. “
19、 These students live with a dualistic view, seeing “the world in polar terms of we-right-good vs. other-wrong-bad. “ These students cannot acknowledge the existence of more than one point of view toward any issue. There is one “right“ way. And because these absolutes are assumed by or imposed on the
20、 individual from external authority, they cannot be personally substantiated or authenticated by experience. These students are slaves to the generalizations of their authorities. An eye for an eye! Capital punishment is apt justice for murder. The Bible says so. Most students break through the dual
21、istic stage to another equally frustrating stagemultiplicity. Within this stage, students see a variety of ways to deal with any given topic or problem. However, while these students accept multiple points of view, they are unable to evaluate or justify them. To have an opinion is everyones right. W
22、hile students in the dualistic stage are unable to produce evidence to support what they consider to be self-evident absolutes, students in the multiplistic stage are unable to connect instances into coherent generalizations. Every assertion, every point, is valid. In their democracy they are direct
23、ionless. Capital punishment? What sense is there in answering one murder with another? The third stage of development finds students living in a world of relativism. Knowledge is relative: right and wrong depend on the context. No longer recognizing the validity of each individual idea or action, re
24、lativists examine everything to find its place in an overall framework. While the multiplist views the world as unconnected, almost random, the relativist seeks always to place phenomena into coherent larger patterns. Students in this stage view the world analytically. They appreciate authority for
25、its expertise, using it to defend their own generalizations. In addition, they accept or reject ostensible authority after systematically evaluating its validity. In this stage, however, students resist decision making. Suffering the ambivalence of finding several consistent and acceptable alternati
26、ves, they are almost overwhelmed by diversity and need means for managing it. Capital punishment is appropriate justice in some instances. In the final stage students manage diversity through individual commitment. Students do not deny relativism. Rather they assert an identity by forming commitment
27、s and assuming responsibility for them. They gather personal experience into a coherent framework, abstract principles to guide their actions, and use these principles to discipline and govern their thoughts and actions. The individual has chosen to join a particular community and agrees to live by
28、its tenets. The accused has had the benefit of due process to guard his civil rights, a jury of peers has found him guilty, and the state has the right to end his life. This is a principle my community and I endorse. 31 Students who are “dualistic“ thinkers may not be able to support their beliefs c
29、onvincingly because _. （ A） most of their beliefs cannot be supported by arguments （ B） they have accepted their “truths“ simply because authorities have said these things are “true“ （ C） they half-believe and half-disbelieve just about everything （ D） their teachers almost always think that “dualis
30、tic“ thinkers are wrong 32 Which one of the following assertions is supported by the passage? （ A） Committed thinkers are not very sure of their positions. （ B） Relativistic thinkers have learned how to make sense out of the world and have chosen their own positions in it. （ C） Multiplicity thinkers
31、 have difficulty understanding the relationships between different points of view. （ D） Dualistic thinkers have thought out the reasons for taking their positions. 33 In paragraph two, the author states that in their “democracy“ students in the multiplicity stage are directionless. The writer descri
32、bes multiplicity students as being in a “democracy“ because _. （ A） there are so many different kinds of people in a democracy （ B） in an “ideal“ democracy, all people are considered equal; by extension, so are their opinions （ C） Democrats generally do not have a good sense of direction （ D） in a d
33、emocracy the individual has ultimate authority over himself, not the state 34 Which one of the following kinds of thinking is NOT described in the passage? （ A） People who assume that there is no right or wrong in any issue （ B） People who make unreasoned commitments and stick by them （ C） People wh
34、o believe that right or wrong depends on the situation （ D） People who think that all behavior can be accounted for by cause and effect relationships 35 Which one of the following best describes the organization of the passage? （ A） Four methods of thought are compared and contrasted. （ B） It is sho
35、wn how each of four types of thought evolved from each other. （ C） Four methods of thought are presented, and each is shown to complement the other. （ D） The evolution of thought through four stages is presented, and each stage is illustrated by how it views capital punishment. 35 The value of heat
36、for the preservation of food has been known for thousands of years, but it was not realized until the nineteenth century that a very mild heat treatment far below the boiling point, made liquid foods such as milk keep much longer. The discovery followed the work of the French scientist Louis Pasteur
37、 on wine and beer. The process, called after him “pasteurization“, is a carefully controlled mild heat treatment. It was found that the process served two purposes, it prevented the souring of milk, and it destroyed the dangerous disease germs which sometimes occur in this product. It has long been
38、known to bacteria experts that the tubercle bacillus is the germ in milk which host strongly resists heat treatment. To destroy this organism it is necessary to heat milk to about 60 degrees centigrade for 15 minutes, and its destruction has always been taken as a way of testing the efficiency of pa
39、steurization. A heat treatment of this kind destroys about 99 percent of the common bacteria in milk, including nearly all those which cause milk to turn sour. To ensure the certain destruction of tuberculosis and other disease germs in milk, it must be held at a fixed temperature for a fixed time.
40、In Britain, for example, these conditions were defined-coy law in 1923 as 63-66 degrees centigrade for 30 minutes. This became known as the “holder“ process, since the raw milk had to be pumped into a large tank, heated to just over 63 degrees centigrade, held in the tank for half an hour and then p
41、umped out and cooled. This was a slow process and required a very large plant, so scientists worked for many years to produce a simpler, more convenient method, with less large equipment. The latest method, officially approved in Britain in 1949, is known as the high-temperature-short-time, or H. T.
42、 S. T. method. It has now almost entirely replaced the “holder“ process. In the H. T. S. T. system, the milk flows continuously through many sections of thin stainless steel pipes, During the process, the milk is held at 72 degrees centigrade for at least 15 seconds then, as it-cools, the heat is us
43、ed, in part, to raise the temperature of the incoming milk in a device called a “wheat exchanger“. Efficient pasteurization may reduce the bacteria in raw milk from, say, one million to only a few thousand per cubic centimeter. The bacteria left are chemically mostly of the inert type, thatis, they
44、either do not. 36 According to the passage, pasteurization refers to _. （ A） the heat treatment of milk （ B） heating liquid to 100 degrees centigrade （ C） the heat treatment to destroy all the common bacteria （ D） heating objects to a fixed temperature for a fixed time 37 How is it tested whether a
45、milk pasteurization is efficient or not? （ A） By testing the heating temperature. （ B） By testing the quantity of bacillus causing tuberculosis. （ C） By testing the time duration of heating （ D） All of the abov 38 According to the passage, the new H. T. S. T. method differs from the “ holder“ proces
46、s in _. （ A） higher rate of bacteria destruction （ B） different temperature requirements （ C） the ease with which it is operated （ D） the amount of energy preserved 39 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Pasteurization process is named after a French scientis
47、t. （ B） Tubercle bacillus accounts for the largest number among all germs in milk. （ C） Heating temperature may vary according to different processing methods. （ D） Neither of the pasteurization methods mentioned in the passage can 100% reduce bacteria in raw milk. 40 The whole passage is organized
48、by _. （ A） comparing and contrasting two concepts （ B） relating the development of a technology （ C） defining a concept first and then explaining it （ D） introducing a problem first and then giving its solution 40 If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New Yo
49、rk Times, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, “Of course not!“ And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor; anyone could see that. Writing about them for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy. But reviewing was fun, so much fun that when mainstream publishers started p
