1、Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Antistatic and conductive products Determination of electrical resistanceBS ISO 2878:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06 ISO 2017Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Antistatic and conductive products Determination
2、of electrical resistanceCaoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplastique Produits antistatiques et conducteurs Dtermination de la rsistance lectriqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO2878Fifth edition2017-06Reference numberISO 2878:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 2878:2017
3、. It supersedes BS ISO 2878:2011, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/22, Testing and analysis of rubber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport
4、 to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 97188 4ICS 83.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Th
5、is British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 2878:2017 ISO 2017Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Antistatic and conductive products Determi
6、nation of electrical resistanceCaoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplastique Produits antistatiques et conducteurs Dtermination de la rsistance lectriqueINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO2878Fifth edition2017-06Reference numberISO 2878:2017(E)BS ISO 2878:2017ISO 2878:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT
7、PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without
8、prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO
9、2878:2017ISO 2878:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
10、 photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41
11、22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgISO 2878:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus and materials 25.1 Test instrument 25.2 Electrodes and contacts 26 Calibration 27 Test conditions . 27.1 Test atm
12、ospheres 27.2 Time-interval between forming and testing 37.3 Temperature and humidity conditioning . 37.4 Mechanical conditioning 38 Procedure. 38.1 Cleaning . 38.2 Application of electrodes . 38.3 Reconditioning 38.4 Determination . 48.5 Number of tests 49 Procedural details applicable to different
13、 products . 49.1 Tests on one surface . 49.2 Tests between two surfaces . 49.3 Tests on products bounded or clamped to metal parts . 49.3.1 Products bonded or clamped to one metal part . 49.3.2 Products bonded or clamped to two metal parts 49.4 Tests on tubing 59.4.1 Tests between inside surface and
14、 outside surface 59.4.2 Tests on tubing over 6 m in length . 59.4.3 Tests on tubing with permanently attached end fittings 510 Test report . 5Annex A (normative) Calibration schedule . 7Bibliography 9 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 2878:2017ISO 2878:2017(E)ForewordISO (the Inter
15、national Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has
16、been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical st
17、andardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accor
18、dance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Deta
19、ils of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an
20、 endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the foll
21、owing URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 2878:2011), of which it constitutes a minor revision to update
22、 the normative reference in Clause 2.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 2878:2017ISO 2878:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally c
23、arried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the wor
24、k. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the diffe
25、rent approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
26、may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/
27、patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information a
28、bout ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.This
29、 fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 2878:2011), of which it constitutes a minor revision to update the normative reference in Clause 2.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 2878:2017(E)IntroductionThe elimination or reduction of static voltages and charges on rubber products is
30、 important in many applications. By providing suitable leakage paths the charge can be dissipated. The antistatic properties of a product are also influenced by its electrostatic charging characteristics. This document deals only with methods involving the use of leakage paths.The addition of carbon
31、 black to a polymer in sufficient quantities causes a conductive network of carbon particles to be formed within the mixture, and materials with a wide range of electrical conductivity can be produced. The conductive network is sensitive to mechanical strain, and the electrical resistance of the mat
32、erial varies according to the degree of strain and the time and temperature history after straining. Antistatic properties can also be conferred on rubber materials by incorporating ionizable materials into the rubber mix.A method for the measurement of the resistivity of specially prepared test pie
33、ces of antistatic and conductive rubber is described in ISO 1853. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 2878:2017BS ISO 2878:2017Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Antistatic and conductive products Determination of electrical resistanceWARNING 1 Persons using this document should be familiar with n
34、ormal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.WARNING 2 Certa
35、in procedures specified in this document might involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.1 ScopeThis document specifies a m
36、ethod of test to determine the electrical resistance of antistatic and conductive products manufactured wholly or in part from rubber whose electrical resistance measured between defined points, when new, does not exceed 3 108 and whose conductivity is derived from the addition of carbon black and/o
37、r other appropriate substances to the bulk of the material.NOTE Highly conductive mixes cannot be made in this way.This document specifies the electrode configuration for basic geometries, but it is intended that reference be made to relevant product specifications for requirements for specific prod
38、ucts.It does not apply to:a) products the relevant surfaces of which are composed of mixtures of insulating and conductive areas;b) products with a substantial surface area of insulating material, except for footwear (which does not normally have a conductive or antistatic upper).2 Normative referen
39、cesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) app
40、lies.ISO 18899:2013, Rubber Guide to the calibration of test equipment3 Terms and definitionsNo terms and definitions are listed in this document. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .elect
41、ropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp4 PrincipleThe resistance between two positions on a product is measured, using a defined system of electrodes, by a system suited to factory inspection or service testing.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2878:2017(E) IS
42、O 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 2878:2017ISO 2878:2017(E)5 Apparatus and materials5.1 Test instrumentThe test shall be made with an instrument having a nominal open-circuit voltage of 500 V DC, preferably an insulation tester (ohmmeter), or with any suitable instrument known to give comparable re
43、sults.The instrument shall be sufficiently accurate to determine the resistance within 10 % and shall not dissipate more than 3 W in the product.The resistance values obtained will vary with the applied voltage, and errors can occur when low test voltages are involved. In cases of dispute, the volta
44、ge applied to the product shall be not less than 40 V, except where this conflicts with the requirement not to dissipate more than 3 W in the product.5.2 Electrodes and contactsUnless otherwise specified in the product standard, electrodes shall be formed on the surface by means of a conductive silv
45、er lacquer, colloidal graphite or a conductive liquid of the following composition: anhydrous polyethylene glycol (of molecular mass 600): 800 parts by mass; water: 200 parts by mass; any suitable wetting agent: 1 part by mass; potassium chloride: 10 parts by mass.When a conductive liquid is used, t
46、he electrode contact area shall be completely wetted and shall remain so until the end of the test.The conductive silver lacquer or colloidal graphite shall be dried in air at room temperature; the surface resistivity of the dried film shall be below 100 .Clean metal contacts shall be applied to the
47、 electrodes so that the contact area is approximately the same size as, but not greater than, the electrodes, unless otherwise specified.The surface of the product shall not be deformed either during the application of the contacts or during the test, unless specified in the product standard. The pr
48、oduct shall be supported on an insulating surface except when otherwise specified. The insulating surface shall be such that its volume resistivity is greater than 1010m or sufficiently great that, when using two electrodes as described in 9.1 on the insulating surface, the resistance is too great t
49、o be indicated using the instrument used to test the product.6 CalibrationThe test apparatus shall be calibrated in accordance with the schedule given in Annex A.7 Test conditions7.1 Test atmospheresAll tests shall be carried out under one of the following sets of standard laboratory conditions:(23 2) C and (50 5) % relative humidityor(27 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 2878:2017ISO 2878:2017(E)5 Apparatus and materials5.1 Test instrumentThe test
