DIN EN ISO 19136-2009 Geographic information - Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136 2007) English version EN ISO 19136 2009《地理信息 地理标记语言(GML)(ISO 19136-2007) 英文版本EN ISO 19136-.pdf

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1、September 2009DEUTSCHE NORM Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) im DINPreisgruppe 52DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Jede Art der Vervielfltigung, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung des DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Berlin, gestattet.ICS 35.240.70!$Va2“1516215www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 1

2、9136Geoinformation Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136:2007);Englische Fassung EN ISO 19136:2009Geographic information Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136:2007);English version EN ISO 19136:2009Information gographique Langage de balisage en gographie (GML) (ISO 19136:2007);Version angl

3、aise EN ISO 19136:2009Alleinverkauf der Normen durch Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin www.beuth.deGesamtumfang 407 SeitenDIN EN ISO 19136:2009-09 2 Nationales Vorwort Dieses Dokument (EN ISO 19136:2009) enthlt unter Bercksichtigung des Prsidialbeschlusses 1/2004 den englischen Originaltext der Intern

4、ationalen Norm ISO 19136:2007. Der Text von ISO 19136:2007 wurde vom Technischen Komitee ISO/TC 211 Geoinformation/Geomatik“ erarbeitet und als EN ISO 19136:2008 vom Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 287 Geoinformation“ ber-nommen, dessen Sekretariat vom NEN (Niederlande) gehalten wird. Der fr die deutsche

5、 Mitarbeit zustndige Arbeitsausschuss im DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V. ist der als Spiegelausschuss zum CEN/TC 287 und ISO/TC 211 eingesetzte Arbeitsausschuss NA 005-03-03 AA Kartographie und Geoinformation“ des Normenausschusses Bauwesen (NABau). Die Geography Markup Language (GML) ist ei

6、ne in XML-Schema beschriebene XML-Sprache fr den Transport und die Speicherung von Geoinformationen, modelliert in berstimmung mit dem konzeptuellen Modellierungssystem, das in der Normenreihe DIN EN ISO 19100 angewendet wird, einschlielich der raum-bezogenen und nicht raumbezogenen Eigenschaften vo

7、n Fachobjekten. Ein Fachobjekt ist eine Abstraktion von Phnomenen der realen Welt“ (siehe DIN EN ISO 19101). Eine digitale Reprsentation der realen Welt kann somit als Menge von Fachobjekten verstanden werden. Der Zustand eines Fachobjekts wird wiederum durch eine Menge von Eigenschaften beschrieben

8、, wobei eine Eigenschaft als ein Tripel Name, Typ, Wert verstanden werden kann. Die mglichen Eigenschaften eines Fachobjekts werden durch seine Typfestlegung bestimmt. Die Typfest-legungen sind nach DIN EN ISO 19109 in Anwendungsschemata beschrieben. Ein GML-Anwendungsschema ist eine im XML-Schema b

9、eschriebene Reprsentierung eines Anwendungsschemas, die die Codierung von Fachobjekten in XML spezifiziert. Ein GML-Anwendungsschema kann auf zwei Arten erzeugt werden: auf der Basis eines UML-Anwendungsschemas ent sprechend DIN EN ISO 19109 und unter Anwendung der in dieser Norm spezifizierten Bedi

10、ngungen und Regeln; unmittelbar im XML-Schema unter Anwendung der in dieser Norm spezifizierten Bedingungen und Regeln. GML spezifiziert standardisierte XML-Codierungen fr hufig verwendete konzeptuelle Typen aus den folgen-den Normen und Technischen Spezifikationen: ISO/TS 19103, Geographic informat

11、ion Conceptual schema language; DIN EN ISO 19107, Geoinformation Raumbezugsschema (ISO 19107:2003); DIN EN ISO 19108, Geoinformation Zeitliches Schema (ISO 19108:2002); DIN EN ISO 19111, Geoinformation Koordinatenreferenzsysteme (ISO 19111:2007); DIN EN ISO 19123, Geoinformation Coverage Geometrie-

12、und Funktionsschema (ISO 19123:2005). Darber hinaus legt diese Norm standardisierte XML-Kodierungen fr weitere hufig in Anwendungsschemata verwendete, aber bislang noch nicht genormte Konzepte (z. B. Fachobjekte mit zeitlich vernderbaren Eigen-schaften) fest. DIN EN ISO 19136:2009-09 3 Die Festlegun

13、g von standardisierten XML-Codierungen zur Verwendung in GML-Anwendungsschemata ermglicht einen anwendungsbergreifenden Austausch von Geoinformationen. Auf der Basis dieser Festlegungen spezifiziert diese Norm ein offenes, herstellerneutrales System fr die Beschreibung von raumbezogenen Anwendungssc

14、hemata fr den Transport und die Speicherung von Geoinformationen in XML, untersttzt sie Profile, die geeignete Untermengen von in GML beschriebenen Eigenschaften unter-sttzen, untersttzt sie die Beschreibung von raumbezogenen Anwendungsschemata fr spezialisierte Bereiche und Informationsgemeinschaft

15、en, ermglicht sie die Erzeugung und Pflege von miteinander verbundenen raumbezogenen Anwendungs-schemata und Datenbestnden, untersttzt sie die Speicherung und den Transp ort von Anwendungsschemata und Datenbestnden, erhht sie die Fhigkeit von Organisationen, raumbezogene Anwendungsschemata und die I

16、nforma-tionen, die sie beschreiben, auszutauschen. DIN EN ISO 19136:2009-09 4 Nationaler Anhang NA (informativ) Englisch-Deutsche Fachwrterliste application schema Anwendungsschema geometric object Geometrieobjekt association Beziehung, Relation, Assoziationgeometric primitive geometrisches Primitiv

17、 attribute Attribut geometry property Geometrieeigenschaft boundary Grenze GML application schema GML-Anwendungsschema child element Kindelement GML document GML-Dokument closure Abschluss GML profile GML-Profil codelist Codeliste GML schema GML-Schema codespace, namespace Namensraum grid Gitter coo

18、rdinate Koordinate node Knoten coordinate reference system Koordinatenreferenzsystem object Objekt coordinate system Koordinatensystem point Punkt coverage Coverage property Eigenschaft curve Kurve, Linie schema Schema data type Datentyp schema document Schemadokument datum Datum sequence Sequenz di

19、rect position Position set Menge domain Bereich spatial object raumbezogenes Objekt edge Kante surface Flche element Element tag Tag face Masche topological object topologisches Objekt feature Feature tuple Tupel function Funktion UML application schema UML-Anwendungsschema geodetic datum geodtische

20、s Datum Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 19136March 2009ICS 35.240.70English VersionGeographic information Geography Markup Language (GML)(ISO 19136:2007)Information gographique Langage de balisage engographie (

21、GML) (ISO 19136:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 January 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and

22、bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibilit

23、y of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel

24、and, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-

25、1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 19136:2009: EGeoinformation Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136:2007)EN ISO 19136:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword5Introduction .61 Scope 82 Conformance82

26、.1 Conformance requirements82.2 Conformance classes related to GML application schemas.92.3 Conformance classes related to GML profiles .92.4 Conformance classes related to GML documents.112.5 Conformance classes related to software implementations.113 Normative references 114 Terms and symbols .124

27、.1 Terms and definitions .124.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms 195 Conventions .205.1 XML namespaces.205.2 Versioning 215.3 Deprecated parts of previous versions of GML215.4 UML notation215.5 XML Schema.236 Overview of the GML schema.236.1 GML schema.236.2 GML application schemas 236.3 Relationship b

28、etween the ISO 19100 series of International Standards, the GML schema and GML application schemas .246.4 Organization of this International Standard256.5 Deprecated and experimental schema components277 GML schema General rules and base schema components 277.1 GML model and syntax .277.2 gmlBase sc

29、hema components.298 GML schema Xlinks and basic types 408.1 Xlinks Object associations and remote properties .408.2 Basic types .419 GML schema Features509.1 General concepts.509.2 Relationship with ISO 19109.509.3 Features 509.4 Standard feature properties519.5 Geometry properties .539.6 Topology p

30、roperties 559.7 Temporal properties 559.8 Defining application-specific feature types 569.9 Feature collections 579.10 Spatial reference system used in a feature or feature collection .5910 GML schema Geometric primitives.5910.1 General concepts.5910.2 Abstract geometric primitives6510.3 Geometric p

31、rimitives (0-dimensional) .6610.4 Geometric primitives (1-dimensional) .6710.5 Geometric primitives (2-dimensional) .7910.6 Geometric primitives (3-dimensional) .89DIN EN ISO 19136:2009-09EN ISO 19136:2009 (E) 3 Page 11 GML schema Geometric complex, geometric composites and geometric aggregates 9111

32、.1 Overview.9111.2 Geometric complex and geometric composites 9111.3 Geometric aggregates.9412 GML schema Coordinate reference systems schemas 9912.1 Overview.9912.2 Reference systems10112.3 Coordinate reference systems.10212.4 Coordinate systems 11012.5 Datums .11812.6 Coordinate operations 12413 G

33、ML schema Topology 13713.1 General concepts 13713.2 Abstract topology13713.3 Topological primitives 13813.4 Topological collections.14213.5 Topology complex.14514 GML schema Temporal information and dynamic features .14614.1 General concepts 14614.2 Temporal schema14714.3 Temporal topology schema156

34、14.4 Temporal reference systems15914.5 Representing dynamic features.16615 GML schema Definitions and dictionaries .17015.1 Overview.17015.2 Dictionary schema.17116 GML schema Units, measures and values.17316.1 Introduction17316.2 Units schema .17416.3 Measures schema17916.4 Value objects schema.180

35、17 GML schema Directions.18817.1 Direction schema.18817.2 direction, DirectionPropertyType 18817.3 DirectionVectorType .18817.4 DirectionDescriptionType.18918 GML schema Observations .19018.1 Observations19018.2 Observation schema .19019 GML schema Coverages 19419.1 The coverage model and representa

36、tions 19419.2 Grids schema.19719.3 Coverage schema20020 Profiles .21420.1 Profiles of GML and application schemas21420.2 Definition of profile21420.3 Relation to application schema .21520.4 Rules for elements and types in a profile .21520.5 Rules for referencing GML profiles from application schemas

37、 .21620.6 Recommendations for application schemas using GML profiles 21620.7 Summary of rules for GML profiles .217DIN EN ISO 19136:2009-09EN ISO 19136:2009 (E) 4 Page 21 Rules for GML application schemas21721.1 Instances of GML objects .21721.2 GML application schemas 21821.3 Schemas defining Featu

38、res and Feature Collections22121.4 Schemas defining spatial geometries .22221.5 Schemas defining spatial topologies 22321.6 Schemas defining time22421.7 Schemas defining coordinate reference systems22421.8 Schemas defining coverages .22621.9 Schemas defining observations.22721.10 Schemas defining di

39、ctionaries and definitions 22821.11 Schemas defining values22921.12 GML profiles of the GML schema.229Annex A (normative) Abstract test suites for GML application schemas, GML profiles and GML documents232Annex B (normative) Abstract test suite for software implementations.247Annex C (informative) G

40、ML schema251Annex D (normative) Implemented Profile of the ISO 19100 series of International Standards and Extensions253Annex E (normative) UML-to-GML application schema encoding rules .318Annex F (normative) GML-to-UML application schema encoding rules .338Annex G (informative) Guidelines for subse

41、tting the GML schema 348Annex H (informative) Default styling .361Annex I (informative) Backwards compatibility with earlier versions of GML372Annex J (informative) Modularization and dependencies.389Bibliography 391Index.393DIN EN ISO 19136:2009-09EN ISO 19136:2009 (E) 5 Foreword The text of ISO 19

42、136:2007 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19136:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.

43、 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that s

44、ome of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to im

45、plement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla

46、nd and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19136:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19136:2009 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 19136:2009-09EN ISO 19136:2009 (E) 6 Introduction Geography Markup Language is an XML grammar written in XML Schema for the description of app

47、lication schemas as well as the transport and storage of geographic information. The key concepts used by Geography Markup Language (GML) to model the world are drawn from the ISO 19100 series of International Standards and the OpenGIS Abstract Specification. A feature is an “abstraction of real wor

48、ld phenomena” (ISO 19101); it is a geographic feature if it is associated with a location relative to the Earth. So a digital representation of the real world may be thought of as a set of features. The state of a feature is defined by a set of properties, where each property may be thought of as a

49、name, type, value triple. The number of properties a feature may have, together with their names and types, is determined by its type definition. Geographic features with geometry are those with properties that may be geometry-valued. A feature collection is a collection of features that may itself be regarded as a feature; as a consequence a feature collection has a feature type and thus may have distinct properties of its own, in addition to the features

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