1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1005-1:2001 Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 1: Terms and definitions ICS 01.040.13; 13.110; 13.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW +A1:2008National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1005-1:2
2、001+A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1005-1:2001 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by
3、!“. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/4, Anthropometry and biomechanics. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport t
4、o include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008
5、 BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 20 March 2002 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 62348 6 EUROPEAN ST
6、ANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1005-1:2001+A1 October 2008 ICS 01.040.13; 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 1005-1:2001 English Version Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 1: Terms and definitions Scurit des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 1: Termes et dfin
7、itions Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche krperliche Leistung - Teil 1: Begriffe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2001 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 18 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate t
8、he conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists
9、 in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bod
10、ies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EU
11、ROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008: EEN
12、 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 Annex ZA (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC“ “ “ “ .12 Annex ZB
13、(informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ “ “ “.13 Bibliography 14 BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 1
14、22 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Decembe
15、r 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-18. This document supersedes EN 1005-1:2001. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commi
16、ssion and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ EN 1005 consists of the following Parts, under the general title “Safety of ma
17、chinery Human physical performance: Part 1: Terms and definitions; Part 2 1) : Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery; Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation; Part 4 1) : Evaluation of working postures and movements in relation to machinery; Part 5 1) : Risk
18、assessment for repetitive handling at high frequency. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Franc
19、e, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 1)This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 “Biomechanics“. BS EN 1005-1
20、:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction Ergonomically designed work systems enhance safety, effectiveness and efficiency, improve human working and living conditions, and counteract adverse effects on human health and performance. Good ergonomic design therefore exerts a favourable in
21、fluence on the work system, and on the reliability of the human being within it. This European Standard is one of several ergonomic standards for the safety of machinery. EN 614-1 describes the principles manufacturers should adopt in order to take account of ergonomic factors. This standard has bee
22、n prepared to be a harmonised standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. This European Standard is a type B standard as stated in EN 1070. The provisions of this document may be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE For machines which are covered
23、by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. This European Standard has five parts that are intended to cover the range of hum
24、an physical performance variables relating to machinery design. The scope contained within each document defines the boundaries of their application. Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between the standards concerning the different aspects of human performance. The relationship between standards
25、proceed from those between the different aspects of human physical performance: body dimensions directly influence the shape of postures and movements as well as the available muscle strength, which further vary with postures and movements. Figure 1 Relation between physical performance parameters a
26、nd standards 1)This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 “Biomechanics“. BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 5 EN 1005-2 1) , EN 1005-3 and EN 1005-4 1)adopt a risk assessment approach. The procedures in each part of the standard are different. The study of human
27、 physical loading whilst handling/operating machinery relies on methods and techniques developed by different research disciplines (e.g. epidemiology, biomechanics, physiology, psychophysics). This document aims to define relevant concepts to further co-operation between research disciplines in this
28、 field, and to improve the application of standards when designing machinery. 1 Scope This European Standard provides terms and definitions on concepts and parameters used for EN 1005-2 1) , prEN 1005-3, EN 1005-4 1)and EN 1005-5 1) . Basic concepts and general ergonomic principles for the design of
29、 machinery are dealt with in EN 292-1, EN 292-2 and EN 614-1. This document is not applicable to specify the machinery which is manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions fr
30、om other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendm
31、ent or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 1005-2 1) , Safety of machinery Human physical per
32、formance Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery. prEN 1005-3:2001, Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation. EN 1005-4 1) , Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 4: Evaluation of working postu
33、res and movements in relation to machinery. EN 1005-5 1) , Safety of machinery Human physical performance Part 5: Risk assessment for repetitive handling at high frequency. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070 together with th
34、e following apply. 3.1 abduction movement of a limb away from the median plane. See Figure 2 and Figure 3 3.2 action the activation of a muscle(s) during a task in order to perform a task/operation (as opposed to rest) 1)This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 “Biomechanics“.
35、BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 6 3.3 action period the duration of a single cycle of a recurrent event which includes both the rest and action time 3.4 adduction movement of a limb towards the median plane. See Figure 2 and Figure 3 Key 1 median or sagittal plane 2 coronal or fr
36、ontal plane 3 transverse or horizontal plane Key 1 abduction 2 adduction 3 neutral Figure 2 Planes Figure 3 Abduction and adduction 3.5 angle of asymmetry the angle formed between the lines that result from the intersections of the mid-sagittal plane and the plane of asymmetry. If the feet are repos
37、itioned during the lift/lower sequence, the referent planes shall be determined at the point in the action sequence wherein the largest degree of asymmetrical twist is encountered. See Figure 4 BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 7 Key 1 vertical 2 projection from centre of gravity o
38、f load 3 asymmetry line 4 asymmetry angle () 5 mid-sagittal plane 6 top view 7 mid-point between inner ankle bones Figure 4 Angle of asymmetry 3.6 general working population the adult working population which does not include: the physically disadvantaged and those under the legal minimum working ag
39、e 3.7 grip of object the manner by which objects can be handled (held and/or moved with the hands). The type of grip applied (e.g. pinch grip, hook grip, power grip), and the design and placement in relation to the characteristics of both the task and the object handled will determine the degree of
40、difficulty of the handling task BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 8 3.7.1 pinch grip grip made with the thumb and the forefinger. See Figure 5 3.7.2 hook grip with the hook grip the fingers are active and the thumb has a passive role. The proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
41、are flexed around the handle. See Figure 5 3.7.3 power grip grip in which fingers and thumb are opposed and clasped around the object to provide maximal surface contact with the palm. This grip serves mainly to apply high forces or to prevent objects from rotating. See Figure 5 pinch grips hook grip
42、 power grips finger tip pinch hook grip diagonal grip palmar pinch transverse grip lateral pinch Figure 5 Types of grip 3.8 manual handling any activity requiring the use of human force to lift, lower, carry or otherwise move or restrain any object BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E)
43、 9 3.8.1 manual lifting an object is said to be lifted by human force when it is moved from its initial position upwards or downwards 3.8.2 manual carrying when an object remains lifted and is moved horizontally by human force, it is carried 3.8.3 horizontal location (H) horizontal distance of the m
44、idpoints of the hands away from the mid-point between the ankles, measured at the origin and destination of lift. See Figure 6 3.8.4 vertical location (V) vertical distance of the midpoints of the hands above the floor, measured at the origin and destination of a lift. See Figure 6 3.8.5 vertical di
45、splacement (D) absolute value of the difference between the vertical heights at the destination and the origin of the lift. See Figure 6 3.8.6 reference mass recommended mass (kg) to be used in the risk assessment method related to an intended user population 3.8.7 actual mass mass of the object(s)
46、to be handled manually (kg) 3.9 operator the person or persons given the task of installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repairing or transporting machinery (see 3.21 of EN 292-1:1991). For the purpose of this European Standard the assembling and the dismantling of the machinery is
47、also included in the task of the operator 3.10 posture the position of the body, a/the body segment(s) or joint(s) 3.11 recovery time the period of rest following a period of activity in which restoration of a muscle(s) can occur BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 10 Key 1 vertical
48、2 vertical travel displacement 3 projection from centre of gravity of load 4 vertical location 5 horizontal 6 mid-point between inner ankle bones 7 top view 8 centre of load 9 lateral Figure 6 Horizontal and vertical location 3.12 rest when during a task, no specific task-related activation of muscl
49、e is necessary 3.13 risk assessment a comprehensive estimation of the probability and the degree of the possible injury or damage to health in a hazardous situation in order to select appropriate safety measures (see 3.8 of EN 292-1:1991 and EN 1050) 3.14 sagittal the anteroposterior (front to back) median plane of the body (mid-sagittal), or to a plane parallel to the median (see Figure 2) BS EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008EN 1005-1:2001+A1:2008 (E) 11 3.15 shift the specified minimum number of hours to be worked by an individual in on
