1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14086:2003 Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss 45 gloss with a parallel beam, DIN method The European Standard EN 14086:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 85.060 BS EN 14086:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Poli
2、cy and Strategy Committee on 16 April 2003 BSI 16 April 2003 ISBN 0 580 41593 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14086:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Test methods for paper, board and pu
3、lps, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under
4、the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applic
5、ation. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; mon
6、itor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last
7、 issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14086 January2003 ICS85.060 Englishversion PaperandboardMeasurementofspeculargloss45gloss withaparallelbeam,DINmethod PapiersetcartonsMesuragedubrillantspculaire Brillant45avecunfaisce
8、auparallle,mthodeDIN PapierundPappeBestimmungdesGlanzesMessung miteinemparallelenStrahlbei45,DINVerfahren ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon9September2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationa
9、lstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertherespo
10、nsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slo
11、vakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14086:20
12、03EEN14086:2003(E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .5 4 Principle5 5 Equipment.5 5.1 Apparatus .5 5.2 Glossstandards. 5 5.2.1 Zeroglossstandards 6 5.2.2 Primaryglossstandards. 6 5.2.3 Workingglossstandards. .6 5.2.4 Intermediateglossstandards .6 6 Sampli
13、ng.7 7 Preparationoftestpieces .7 7.1 Conditioning.7 7.2 Preparation .7 8 Procedure .7 8.1 Calibration 7 8.2 Determinationofreflectometervalue 8 8.3 Calculationandexpressionofresults. 8 9 Testreport . .8 AnnexA (normative) Descriptionoftheinstrument 9 A.1 Designofthereflectometervalue . .9 A.2 Prope
14、rtiesofthereflectometer. 11 A.2.1 Dimensionsandtolerancesofangles . 12 A.2.2 Spectraladaptation. .12 A.2.3 Linearityanddrifttodisplay .13 A.2.4 Polarization.13 A.3 Testpieceholdingdevice. 13 AnnexB (informative) Nominatedorganizationsforcalibrationofintermediateglossstandards 14 AnnexC (informative)
15、 Bibliography 15EN14086:2003(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN14086:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC172,“Pulp,paperand board“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyJul
16、y2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestby July2003. ThisStandardisinrelationtoENISO8254respectivelyISO8254withthefollowingparts ENISO82541“PaperandboardMeasurementofspecularglossPart1:75 glosswithaconverging beam,TAPPImethod ENISO82542“PaperandboardMeasurementofspeculargloss
17、Part2:75 glosswithaparallelbeam, DINmethod ISO/DIS82543“PaperandboardMeasurementofspecularglossPart3:20 gloss AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, F
18、rance,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN14086:2003(E) 4 Introduction Visualglossisasensoryimpressionwhichcannotyetbedescribedcompletely.Someimportantphysicalvariables whichinfluenceglossar
19、ehoweverknown.Thesensoryperceptionofglossunderasuitableilluminationresultsfroma physicalstimulusduetoreflectionoflightfromasurface.Thisreflectionisdefinedbyanindicatrixwhichchangeswith theangleofincidence.Themaximumindicatrixvaluewhichisdecisiveforvisualglossimpressionisassociatedwith specularreflec
20、tion,atanangleofreflectionwhichisapproximatelyequaltotheangleofincidence.Thereflectometer valueisdeterminedbyaveragingthereflectioninadefinedangularregioncenteredinthespeculardirection. NOTE1 Areflectometervalueisameasureofthevisualglossonlywhentheopticalconditionsofmeasurement, suchasanglesandapert
21、uresofilluminationandobservationaresimilartotheconditionsofviewing. NOTE2 Becauseluminanceandstructureentertosomeextentintothereflectometervalueofthetestpiece,onlythe comparisonoftestpieceswithnearlythesameluminanceandstructureismeaningful.Theinfluenceofluminanceonthe measurementresultdecreasesrapid
22、lywithincreasingreflectometervalueandincreasingangleofreflection. Theproportionofspecularreflectionintheentirereflectionincreaseswithincreasingangleofincidence.Verymatt surfacesgenerateanoticeabledegreeofspecularreflectionand,therefore,anoticeableglosseffectonlyabovea certainminimumangleofincidence.
23、Ontheotherhand,alargeangleofincidencereducestheabilityto differentiatebetweensurfacesofhighgloss. NOTE3 Manufacturersofcoatedpapersusuallydividetheirproductsintotwoclasses,accordingtotheirsurfacegloss:matt coatingandglosscoating.However,theseclassesareonlydefinedapproximately.Theglossyclasshasreflec
24、tometervalues, measuredaccordingtothisEuropeanStandard,aboveapproximately7,themattclasshasreflectometervalueslowerthanthis value.Asthereisnoprecisecorrelationbetweenreflectometervaluesmeasuredwithdifferentgeometries,itisadvisableto comparethereflectometervaluesonlywithinasingleclassofpapersandusingt
25、hesamemeasuringgeometry. ThisEuropeanStandarddescribesmeasurementatanangleofincidenceof45 usingaparallelbeamgeometry commonlyknownasthe45DINmethod.AsecondEuropeanStandarddescribesmeasurementatanangleof75 (seeENISO82542). 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesaphotometrictestmethodfortheassessmentofvis
26、ualglossbymeansofa reflectometervaluemeasuredatanangleof45 .Itisapplicabletoplanepaperandboardsurfacesofhighgloss, commonlycalledglossypapersandboards,havingreflectancevalues,measuredaccordingtothisEuropean Standard,aboveapproximately7.Materialscontainingopticalbrightningagentsmaybemeasured. 2 Norma
27、tivereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEurope
28、an Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). CIEPublicationNo.38, Radiometricandphotometriccharacteristics. ENISO186, PaperandboardSamplingtodetermineaveragequality(ISO186:1994). EN20187,Paper,bo
29、ardandpulps Standardatmosphereforconditioningandtestingandprocedurefor monitoringtheatmosphereandconditioningofsamples(ISO187:1990).EN14086:2003(E) 5 ISO101105, OpticandopticalinstrumentsPreparationofdrawingsforopticalelementsandsystemsPart5: Surfaceformtolerances 3 Termsanddefinitions Forthepurpose
30、softhisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 indicatrix angulardistributionofthereflectedlightwhichismeasuredasilluminanceonthereceptor. 3.2 reflectometer instrumentformeasuringquantitiespertainingtoreflectionoflight. 3.3 reflectometervalue measuredvariablewhich,foragivenangleof
31、incidence,isproportionaltotheintegralofthereflectionindicatrix withinthesolidangledefinedbytheapertures(seeAnnexA.2.1)andisequalto100timestheratioofthevalue obtainedforthesampletothatofadefinedspecularlyreflectingsurface(see5.2.2). 3.4 speculargloss reflectometervalueasdefinedin3.3. NOTE1 Thedefined
32、specularlyreflectingsurfacethushasanassignedreflectometervalueof100.Reflectometer valuesaretherefore not percentages. NOTE2 ThesedefinitionsarebasedondefinitionsinCIEPublicationNo.17.4. 4Principle Thesampleisilluminatedwithacollimatedbeamatanangleof45 tothenormal,andthereflectometervalueis measuredw
33、ithinasolidangledefinedbyagivenapertureatanangleofreflectionequaltotheangleofincidence. Thescaleofthereflectometeriscalibratedwithreferencetothereflectionfromablackglassplateoraquartz wedgewithaspecificrefractiveindex. 5Equipment 5.1Apparatus Thereflectometershallconsistofthefollowingprincipalcompon
34、ents:acollimator,adecollimator,anelectricsupply forthelightsourcedevice,aphotoelectronicreceptorandasampleholder,asdescribedinannexA. 5.2Glossstandards Thereflectometeriscalibratedbymeansofazeroglossstandardandahighglossstandardwithareflectometer valuebetweenabout80and100.Thishighglossstandardcanbee
35、itheraprimaryglossstandardoraworking glossstandard. Intermediateglossstandardswithassignedreflectometervaluesareusedtochecktheadjustmentofthedevice. NOTE Asreflectometervaluesofglossstandardsmaychangeduetoenvironmentalinfluences,theyshouldbe checkedatleastonceperyear.EN14086:2003(E) 6 5.2.1Zerogloss
36、 standards Azeroglossstandardisaglossstandardwhich,intheidealcase,absorbsalllightfallingonit.Ablackcavitylined withblackvelvetorfeltisonerealisationofsuchaglossstandardthathasbeenproveninpractice. 5.2.2 Primaryglossstandards Aprimaryglossstandardisaglossstandardwhosereflectometervaluecanbecalculated
37、bymeansofits refractiveindexusingtheFresnelequation.Thereflectometervalueisdefinedasbeingequalto100forablack glassplateorafusedquartzwedgewithanominalrefractiveindexat n=1,567atawavelengthof587,6nm(Hed line).Ablackglassplateorquartzwedgewitharefractiveindexofawavelengthof587,6nm(seeISO7944) knownto3
38、decimalplacescanbeusedasprimaryglossstandard.Thetopsurfaceoftheglassplateorquartz wedgeshallbeplanetowithin2fringespercentimetreasmeasuredbyanopticalinterferencemethodina wavelengthregionof(600100)nmaccordingtoISO101105.Iftherefractiveindex ndiffersfrom1,567,the reflectometervalue Rshallbecalculated
39、as: K R = 100 (1) where 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 cos ) sin 567 , 1 ( cos ) sin 567 , 1 ( ) sin 567 , 1 ( cos 1,567 ) sin 567 , 1 ( cos 567 , 1 cos ) sin ( cos ) sin ( ) sin ( cos ) sin ( cos ) , ( + - - - + - + - - + - - - + - + - - = e e e e
40、e e e e e e e e e e e e e n n n n n n n K (2) For 1 =45: + - - - + - + - - = 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7071 , 0 ) 5 , 0 ( 7071 , 0 ) 5 , 0 ( ) 5 , 0 ( 7071 , 0 ) 5 , 0 ( 7071 , 0 374 , 8 ) 45 , ( n n n n n n n K (3) NOTE Itisrecommendedthattherefractiveindexbedefinedbymeansofthecriticalangleoftotalreflection,
41、i.e.by meansofanAbbrefractometer. 5.2.3 Workingglossstandards Anycleannonfluorescentflatsurface,whichhasareflectometervaluebetween80and100,canbeusedasa workingglossstandard.Carehastobetakentoensurethatonlyanegligiblereflectionfromthereversesideofthe glossstandardcanreachthesurfacewhichismeasured.Thi
42、scanbeachievedbygivingtheglossstandardthe shapeofawedge,ormakingitopaque.Thesurfacewhichisnotmeasuredshouldbematt.Areflectometersystem conformingtothedescriptiongiveninannexAmustbeusedtoestablishtherelationshipwiththeprimarygloss standard.Whentheglossstandardismeasuredintwoperpendiculardirectionsand
43、inthedirectionsoftheir diagonals,thedifferenceshallnotbemorethan1unit.Ifthisisnotthecase,thereflectometervalueofthe workingglossstandardmustbeassignedonlyforaparticulardirectionoftheincidentlightradiationandthe workingglossstandardmustbeusedonlyinthatdirection. 5.2.4 Intermediateglossstandards Intermediateglossstandardsareglossstandardswithassignedreflectometervaluesbetween0and100andwhich arecalibratedbyte
