1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 29 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to peoples desire
2、 for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters (节食者) wi
3、th the message that there were fewer calories (热量单位， 卡路里) in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的) ， but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotion
4、al appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthw
5、hile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising
6、 is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product Consumers still control the final buying decision.(282 words)1 Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by_.（A）stressing their high quality（B） convincing him of their low price（C） maintaining a
7、balance between quality and price（D）appealing to his buying motives2 The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that_.（A）thin slices of bread could contain more calories（B） the loaf was cut into regular slices.（C） the bread was not genuine bread（D）the total number of calories in the: lo
8、af remained the same3 The passage tells us that_.（A）sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs（B） advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they dont need（C） the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements（D）fire insurance is seldom a worthwhil
9、e investment4 It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should_.（A）think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements（B） guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements（C） be familiar with various advertising strategies（D）avoid buying products that have strong em
10、otional appeal5 The passage is mainly about_.（A）how to make a wise buying decision（B） ways to protect the interests of the consumer（C） the positive and negative aspects of advertising（D）the function of advertisements in promoting sales5 So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and le
11、arning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and sch
12、ools should stop trying to do the impossible. “Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching t
13、hemselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world in printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scru
14、tiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and f
15、requent experience for children. “When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environme
16、nt where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. (280 words)6 The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that（A）it is one of the most difficult school courses（B） students spend endless hours in reading（C） reading tasks a
17、re assigned with little guidance（D）too much time is spent in teaching about reading7 The teaching of reading will be successful if_.（A）teachers can improve conditions at school for the students（B） teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading（C） teachers can devise the most effici
18、ent system for reading（D）teachers can make their teaching activities observable8 The word “scrutiny“ (Line 3, Para. 3) most probably means “_“.（A）inquiry（B） observation（C） control（D）suspicion9 According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when（A）children become highly
19、 motivated（B） teacher and learner roles are interchangeable（C） teaching helps children in the search for knowledge（D）reading enriches childrens experience10 The main idea of the passage is that_.（A）teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read（B） teachers should encourag
20、e students to read as widely as possible（C） reading ability is something acquired rather than taught（D）reading is more complicated than generally believed10 The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In
21、 the last 15 years, pilots have reported that well over 100 incidents could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cass
22、ette players and mobile telephones.RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during “critical“ stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban du
23、ring all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The di
24、fficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communicatioa But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory,
25、 they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instr
26、uctions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud. (275 words)11 The passage is mainly about_.（A）a new regulation for all airlines（B） the defects of electronic devices（C） a possible cause of aircraft crashes（D）effective safety measures for air flight12 What is said about the over 100 aircraf
27、t incidents in the past 15 years?（A）They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.（B） They may have taken place during take-off and landing.（C） They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers.（D）They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interf
28、erence.13 Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because_.（A）they dont believe there is such a danger as radio interference（B） the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved（C） most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the
29、 use of radio and cassette players（D）they have other effective safety measures to fall back on14 Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplanes computers?（A）Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.（B） Because it remains
30、 a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.（C） Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.（D）Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.15 It can be inferred from the passage that the author_.（A）is in favor of prohibiting pas
31、sengers use of electronic devices completely（B） has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference（C） hasnt formed his own opinion on this problem（D）regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight15 Priscilla Ouchidas “energy-efficient“ house turned out to be a horrible dr
32、eam. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $ 100,000, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple
33、 moved in, however. Priscillas eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice th
34、e maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting.The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nations drive to save energy. The problem itself isn
35、t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,“ says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geometry Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases. “The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constru
36、cted homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didnt worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom build
37、 up to dangerous levels. (262 words)16 It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house_.（A）is well worth the money spent on its construction（B） was designed and constructed in a scientific way（C） failed to meet energy conservation standards（D）is almost faultless from the point of energy c
38、onservation17 What made the Ouchidas new house a horrible dream?（A）Lack of fresh air.（B） Poor quality of building materials.（C） Gas leakage in the kitchen.（D）The newly painted walls.18 The word “accentuate“ (Line 5, Para. 3) most probably means “_“.（A）worsen（B） accelerate（C） relieve（D）improve19 Why
39、were cracks in old houses not a big concern?（A）Because indoor cleanliness was not emphasized.（B） Because they were technically unavoidable.（C） Because environmental protection was given top priority.（D）Because energy used to be inexpensive.20 This passage is most probably taken from an article entit
40、led “_“.（A）Energy Conservation（B） Air Pollution Indoors（C） Houses Building Crisis（D）Traps in Building Construction在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 29 答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。由题干中的“buy worthless products”定位至短文第一段的实例，其中“some advertisers have appealed to peoples desire for”和本段主题句中的“the appea
41、l of advettising to buying motives”即是本题答案依据。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。本题问及第二段关于 bread 的实例，由该段最后两句中两个“but”后对实情的剖析可确定答案为 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。本题选项涉及第三段要点(A、D) 和最后一段要点(B、C)。由第三段第四句排除 D，由第四段第三句“but”后的内容排除 B，最后一句排除 C。选项 A 概括了第三段的要点。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节推断
42、题。由题干“a smart consumer should”推定本题涉及最后一段作者对消费者的忠告：“每个消费者都应分析自身的情况。产品是否让人足够受益而值得购买?”(第四段第一、二句)【知识模块】 英文阅读理解5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于主题归纳题。根据上述分析，本文主题十分明确。短文第一句是主题句，据此也可确定答案为 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。本题问及第一段提到的阅读教学中的存在的问题，该段第三句与选项 D 意思相吻合。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于事实细节题。本题问及“教”阅读的
43、成功方法，涉及第二段要点，理解该段第三句即可确定答案(教的作用是创造一种使学生能最有效地自学阅读的条件和气氛)。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于词语辨别题。由“learning is an occupation of the mind，and that process is not open to public scrutiny”(学习是一个思维过程，不能为公众所)，再结合与之对照的教的过程(上一段最后一句)“Teaching is a public activity：It can be seen and observed”，可确定“scrutiny”应相当
44、于seeing，observation 等。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节归纳题。题干“no longer be a difficult task”与短文第四段最后一句和第五段最后一句中的“easy”、“easier”相对应，理解归纳两句要点，即可排除 B、C 和 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于主题归纳题。综合上述分析，短文第一段最后一句和短文结论句(最后一段最后一句)，可概括出主题：阅读能力不能直接由教师传授，只能由学生通过阅读本身来自学并解决阅读学习中碰到的问题，教师应做的是为学生创造一种能激发其学习欲望
45、的学习环境和气氛。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于主题归纳题。本文主要讨论随身携带的电子设备产生的电磁干扰，可能导致飞行器安全导航系统故障，从而可能导致飞机失事这一主题。因此选 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。本题题干指向短文第一段第二句，结合第一段中前两句使用的情态动词“may”，“could have been”和下一句中“remains unconfirmed”，以及第三段要点可确定答案为 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节推断题。本题涉及短文第二段最后
46、一句要点“most are reluctant to enforce a total ban，given that many passengers want to work during flights”(大多数航空公司不愿推行这项禁令，因为许多乘客想在乘坐飞机时工作)。根据该句可推断出答案为 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节归纳题。根据题干的问题，可确定本题指向第三段要点：困难之一，难以预测电磁场怎样影响导航电脑；困难之二，无法通过实验室模拟，故无从确切知道这种干扰是否危险。因此 C 是正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解15 【正确答案】 C【
47、试题解析】 本题属于作者观点推断题。结合第二题分析及最后一段又有两处用到表示不确定性的情态动词“may”，可推知作者仅就飞行的安全隐患与电子设备的电磁波是否有关或这种安全隐患究竟有多严重进行一些可能性探讨，并没有提出明确的结论。故选 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解16 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于综合推理题。根据题干中的关键词“Ouchidas house”可以定位到文章的第一段，根据第一段中间对他们房子进行的描绘，从节约能源的角度来讲，他们的房子是建造得完美无缺的。文中 Priscilla 祸患不断并非因采用节能方法所造成，而是原有潜在的及后来采用新方法带来的问题才使室内空气污染问
48、题变得严重。故 D 为正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于综合推理题。根据文章的最后一段的分析说明，房子的主要问题是由于室内的有害气体不能通过缝隙散发出去，积聚在室内造成的。“Fresh outdoor air”=“fresh air”，因此应选 A“Lack of fresh air”“缺少通风换气”。B“建材质量低劣”与文章内容恰恰相反。C“厨房的煤气泄漏 ”，这是利用第二段的厨房内的甲醛气体进行干扰，文章中没有提到气体泄漏这一方面。D“ 墙新刷的油漆”，这在文章中没有提及。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于词
49、义推测题。根据上文所说的“The problem itself isnt new”可以判断该词是“恶化、加剧”的意思，也就是说，在搞节能建房之前，室内污染就已存在，加之后来采用新的节能方法，使室内空气污染更严重，故 A 为正确答案。B“ 加速”、C“减轻，减缓”、D“提高，改善”都不合文意。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解19 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节推测题。根据题干中的关键词“cracks in old houses”可以定位到文章的最后一段，因为当时能源价格不贵，所以房屋的建设者们并不担心房子的缝隙没有被堵上，“cheap”=“inexpensive”；因此，应选 D“因为当时的能源价格不贵”。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于主旨推断题。通读全文可知，文章主旨不在讲能源节约，而主要论述室内空气污染问题。采用新的节能方法修建房屋(即房屋密封效果好)带来的室内空气污染及原有潜在的问题是本文论述的主要话题。最明显的标志词语是第三段第一句话中出现的 indoor air pollution，因此应选 B“室内污染”。【知识模块】 英
