1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 147 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly importan
2、t marketing center for a vast agricultural hinterland. Market days【B1】_the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a【B2】_of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, vegetables, cider and other products for direct sale to the【B3】_The High Street Market was continuously【B4】_throughout
3、 the period until 1736,【B5 】_it【B6】_from Front Street to Second. By 1745 New Market was opened on Third Street. The next year the Callow Hill Market began【B7】_Along with market days, the【B8】_of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia【B9】_after similar trading days had been discontinued in other
4、 colonial cities. The【B10】_provided a means of bringing handmade goods from【B11】_places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from German-town ,【B12 】_, were popular items.Auctions were another popular【B13】_of trade. Because of the competition, retail【B14】_opposed these as well as the
5、 fairs.【B15】_governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary【B16】_of economic development was on the merchants side, as increasing business specialization became the【B17】 _of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterpar
6、ts, and specialty shops began to appear【B18】_general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphias merchants prospered was that the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business,【B19 】_, in the capital city of the province,【B
7、20】_to not only the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony.1 【B1 】（A）followed（B） saw（C） witted（D）increased2 【B2 】（A）radiation（B） extent（C） radius（D）territory3 【B3 】（A）townspeople（B） farmers（C） merchants（D）governors4 【B4 】（A）envisioned（B） endangered（C） enriched（D）enlarged5 【B5
8、 】（A）that（B） what（C） how（D）when6 【B6 】（A）varied（B） ranged（C） reached（D）differed7 【B7 】（A）operation（B） sale（C） cooperation（D）corporation8 【B8 】（A）culture（B） institution（C） deed（D）malpractice9 【B9 】（A）therefore（B） hardly（C） still（D）even10 【B10 】（A）state（B） fairs（C） farmers（D）cities11 【B11 】（A）outweigh
9、ing（B） outreaching（C） outlying（D）outrageous12 【B12 】（A）however（B） for example（C） moreover（D）in comparison13 【B13 】（A）fair（B） format（C） style（D）form14 【B14 】（A）merchants（B） farmers（C） government（D）citizens15 【B15 】（A）Now that（B） Since（C） Although（D）If16 【B16 】（A）course（B） trick（C） velocity（D）hatch17
10、【B17 】（A）command（B） order（C） recommendation（D）sequence18 【B18 】（A）in addition to（B） for the purpose of（C） with regard to（D）at the risk of19 【B19 】（A）for all（B） above all（C） at all（D）after all20 【B20 】（A）resorting（B） turning（C） catering（D）committingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Ans
11、wer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Internet allowed people to pay lower prices for books but also encouraged them to pay high prices for shares in lossmaking dotcom companies. During the subprime boom Americans believed the illusion that they could get rich by
12、buying each others houses. Those dreams may have been shattered. But there is still one great hope left for investors: emerging markets. Fund managers have been making the case for e-merging markets on a regular basis over the past 20 years. Developing countries offer higher economic-growth rates, h
13、ave younger, more dynamic populations and are under-represented in the global stockmar-ket. Buying a stake in emerging markets is like buying a stake in the future.But experience should teach investors to be suspicious of no-brainer decisions. They also need to be vigilant about the growth case. Usi
14、ng a variety of tests, Elroy Dimson and other experts found virtually no correlation between an individual countrys GDP growth rate per head and the returns to investors.What is the explanation for this rather counter-intuitive result? One answer is that a stock market cannot reflect an economy perf
15、ectly. Many companies are unquoted. Those businesses that have floated on the market may be mature, or slower-growing, or simply overweight in one sector. In 1900 Wall Street was dominated by railroad stocks, for example. A second answer is that growth countries may behave like growth stocks. A peri
16、od of strong performance leads to overvaluation, from which subsequent returns are inevitably disappointing.Has that stage arrived? The old rule of thumb was that emerging markets were pricey when they traded at a higher multiple of profits than their developed counterparts, as they did in 1999 and
17、2007 just before sharp falls in prices. At the moment they trade at a modest discount.But emerging markets are prone to boom-and-bust cycles. They have suffered three 25%-plus losses in the past 20 calendar years, and five years in which annual returns have exceeded 50% . International investors hav
18、e probably been behind much of the liability, pushing the markets this way and that as they switch between enthusiasm and risk aversion.It is quite possible that another boom is on its way. Bubbles, as described by Charles Kindleberger, a financial historian, usually involve an initial displacement,
19、 followed by rapid credit creation and then a phase of ecstasy.Investors probably have no option but to ride the wave, if only because the outlook for developed markets looks so flat. There is, at least, more solidity to emerging markets than there was to dotcom stocks.21 From the first paragraph, w
20、e can learn that _.（A）investors believe that Internet and housing market can help them get rich（B） emerging market is still the last hope for investors to get rich（C） young people in developing countries are under-represented in the global stock market（D）to purchase stock in emerging markets is secu
21、re and reliable22 Judging from the context, the word “vigilant“(Line 2, Para. 2)most probably means_.（A）alert（B） indifferent（C） convinced（D）aware23 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?（A）There is no correlation between a countrys economic growth and the returns to investors.（B）
22、Investors are possibly the reason for the turbulence of emerging markets.（C） Investors go with the tide unwillingly in the emerging markets.（D）Few of the companies are not listed in the stock market.24 The author thinks the emerging markets are_.（A）unsettled（B） strong（C） weak（D）hopeless25 Which of t
23、he following can best summarize the main idea of the text?（A）Emerging markets are more stable than dotcom markets.（B） Emerging markets may become the next bubble.（C） Emerging markets will keep flourishing.（D）Emerging markets have their own strengths.25 Our brains are the best computers in the world!
24、 Furthermore, as with our muscles, the more we use our brains, the more their capacity increases.The brain looks like the inside of a walnut. It is divided into two hemispheres, which are connected to each other by a complex network of 300 million nerve fibers. The right hemisphere processes music a
25、nd rhythm; forms, dimensions, colors and patterns, as well as intangible concepts like love, beauty and loyalty. The left brain works analytically: it deals with such activities as speech, logic, numbers, sequencing, and math. Thus, the halves are complementary: the right brain synthesizes and left
26、rationalizes. Each side helps improve the performance of the other.When the two halves of brain are working together, the total performance is much better than when only one is used. Most scientists agree that learning systems that are oriented to only one side of the brain might actually limit inte
27、llectual development. They believe people should utilize all of their brains. The better the connection between the two halves, the greater the potential is for learning and creativity. This negates the popular belief that the artists and musicians, who have developed their “right brain“ , are not g
28、ood at logic or mathematics. Furthermore, there is some evidence that practice of mediation increases the synchronicity between right and left brains and results in creative thinking.The world has seen several individuals who exhibited signs of having integrated whole brain thinking. The famous phys
29、icist Albert Einstein is an excellent example of a great thinker with left and right brain synchronicity. Everyone knows his complex thinking produced the theory of relativity, but very few people are aware that he was also a very good violinist. Leonardo da Vinci is another example. Not only was he
30、 a talented artist, but he was also one of the greatest mathematicians and scientists of his day, who left detailed drawings of flying machines centuries before the first airplane left the ground.Researchers have also found some significant male/female differences in mental processing especially rel
31、evant to creativity. Each gender has different left mode and right mode specialties. Some examples of these are the purported strengths men show in spatial visualization and those that women show in verbal skills. To take advantage of these differences, there should be a balance of males and females
32、 on creative teams. Teams comprised of only males or only females can be mentally incomplete, often jumping to early conclusions, arriving at poor solutions or both.26 The constant employment of brain may _.（A）sharpen its proper functions（B） expand its storage capacity（C） improve effectiveness of it
33、s network（D）reinforce connection of its two halves27 When learning English vocabularies, you are mainly using _.（A）the left hemisphere of your brain（B） your brains right hemisphere（C） the logical part of your brain（D）your brains reasoning side28 The two hemispheres of the brain _.（A）operate independ
34、ently of each other（B） work consistently in task fulfillment（C） act in conformity with each other（D）specialize in distinct functions29 The examples of great men suggest that artists and scientists owe their greatness to the _.（A）high levels of their brain specializations（B） sufficient usage of the b
35、rains right half（C） utmost utilization of the whole brain（D）distinctive development of their brains30 Researchers have found that men and women _.（A）may achieve success by way of complement（B） can make parallel contributions to creative work（C） should enjoy freedom from mutual interference（D）must ta
36、ke on tasks in terms of mental powers30 Johanna Levelt Sengers stands at the top of her profession but confesses that “ it can be a little lonely“ as one of only two women in the 82-member engineering sciences section of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences(NAS). A scientist emeritus at the Nation
37、al Institute of Standards and Technology, she belongs to both NAS and its partner, the National Academy of Engineering, where shes one of seven women within the 173-member chemical engineering section. So in late 2004, when she was asked to co-chair an international panel on women in science with Ma
38、nju Sharma of India, they decided to examine not just womens place in society but also their status within the 90 national academies that had requested the report.The report, posted last week by the Inter Academy Council(IAC), offers a refreshingly candid assessment of the problems facing women tryi
39、ng to enter and move up in the world of science and engineering. Although it strikes familiar chords about the need to remove barriers and increase opportunities for girls and women, it sings a new tune in commanding the national academies themselves to “first put their own houses in order“. In addi
40、tion to choosing more women as members and leaders of their organizations , each national academy should form a standing committee on diversity to gather and discuss gender-related data, it says.“ Wow. This is far more hard-hitting and to the point than I had expected,“ says Donna Dean, president of
41、 the Association for Women in Science in Washington, D. C. , and a former senior administrator at the National Institutes of Health, who is now at the Washington, D. C. , science-lobbying firm of Lewis-Burke Associates. “It tells the various academies to stop pontificating about the right thing to d
42、o and start showing it in how they operate. “The report was funded in part by a $50, 000 grant from LOreal. Since 1998, the France-based cosmetics company has honored outstanding women scientists around the worldincluding five of the eight women on the 10-person IAC panel. Jennifer Campbell, who hea
43、ds the companys philanthropic efforts, says she would like to see across-the-board parity for women in science. But Levelt Sengers says she thinks that “a reasonable goal would be no major disparity between the percentage of Ph. D. degrees awarded to women in a particular field and the percentage el
44、ected in that field“. Most academies are a far cry from reaching even that level.NAS President Ralph Cicerone says that theres “ no magic bullet“ for adding women to the academys ranks but that NAS is trying to increase their chances of gaining the type of recognition through service on academy pane
45、ls, keynote speeches, and major scientific awardsthat traditionally leads to NAS membership. NAS has no plans “to collapse its activities into one committee on gender issues, “he says, adding that the challenge calls for “a sustained effort. along the entire pipeline“. 31 From the first paragraph, w
46、e can learn that_.（A）Johanna Levelt Sengers is very successful in her career（B） Johanna Levelt Sengers feels very lonely in family life（C） there are 82 women working in the National Academy of Sciences（D）the panel will only address the issue of womens status in the national academies32 By saying “fi
47、rst put their own houses in order“(Lines 4-5, Para. 2), the author probably means_.（A）they should do their own housework properly（B） house tidiness should be put in a priority（C） women scientists should not be stuck by housework（D）they should first settle problems occurring in their institutions33 A
48、ccording to Donna Dean, _.（A）she didnt expect the problem being so hard to tackle（B） the work of the report is quite fruitful（C） academies have the duty to inform people of the right thing to do（D）common people know how they operate by instinct34 It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that_.（A
49、）LOreal is the sole company that funds the report（B） Jennifor Campbell is the head of LOreal company（C） the number of Ph. D. degrees awarded to women is still unproportionate（D）most academies have a high percentage of Ph. D. degrees awarded to women35 What can we learn from the passage?（A）The present situation of womens social status is satisfying.（B） NAS will address gender-related problems one by one.（C）
