1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 47 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently (1)_ qualitatively but quantitativelyhow
2、 the world works. We might (2)_ a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1,080 elementary particles that (3)_ a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain (4)_ as massive as the universe. It seems (5)_ that
3、such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains (6)_ some degree of internal stability and order. But (7)_ in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much (8)_ than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy.(9)_ for us, we l
4、ive in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common sense experience and our evolutionary history have (10)_ us to understand something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition (11)_ highly unreliable guides. It i
5、s stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass (12)_ indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness (13)_ the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every week (14)_ I get a letter from someone who comp
6、lains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einsteins (15)_ analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. We are not (16)_ the habit of traveling close to
7、the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world places restrictions on (17)_ humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldnt we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why cant we (18)_ faster than the speed of light? But (19)_ we c
8、an tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only (20)_ us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable.（A）just（B） very（C） just not（D）not just（A）see（B） think（C） imagine（D）believe（A）make（B） make of（C） make up（D）make from（A）at least（B） at most（C） at l
9、ast（D）at the cost（A）likely（B） unlikely（C） really（D）unreal（A）want（B） need（C） require（D）acquire（A）unless（B） until（C） if（D）even if（A）more（B） larger（C） bigger（D）greater（A）Fortunately（B） Unfortunately（C） Happily（D）Unhappily（A）provided（B） prepared（C） armed（D）got ready（A）turn to（B） turn on（C） turn out to b
10、e（D）turn away from（A）decreases（B） increases（C） reduces（D）adds（A）in（B） at（C） with（D）from（A）or two（B） and two（C） even two（D）of two（A）clever（B） wise（C） brilliant（D）intelligent（A）of（B） in（C） with（D）at（A）that（B） which（C） matter（D）what（A）go（B） walk（C） travel（D）run（A）if（B） unless（C） so far（D）so far as（A）pr
11、ess（B） have（C） make（D）entailPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reduc
12、ing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial.People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters a
13、re at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in a
14、lmost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier.Some skep
15、tics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the US are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people, more than the
16、entire human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 pound of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase.Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating anima
17、ls is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half. a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a hot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that a
18、re repressed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born.Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of p
19、eople, and to the health of the world.21 Which of the following is true according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian?（A）A diet without meat cannot supply enough protein.（B） Nearly all the food we eat contains protein.（C） Its difficult to get enough nutrients in a meatless diet.（D）Some of the highe
20、st pesticide residues appear in meat. 22 In the third paragraph, the author implies that（A）food will be insufficient if animals are not eaten.（B） lots of food and water are consumed by cattle.（C） a meat-reduced diet is environmentally beneficial.（D）animals are raised for human food. 23 Why do some p
21、eople become vegetarians?（A）Because they want to develop a strong immune system.（B） Because some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.（C） Because fruits and vegetables contain more nutrients.（D）Because they consider eating animals as unethical. 24 Chickens and pigs are cited as examples
22、to show that（A）raising livestock is unethical.（B） eating animals is unethical.（C） livestock is confined to a very small space.（D）being a vegetarian is beneficial to animals health. 25 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）The Advantages of Eating Less Meat（B） Why People Beco
23、me Vegetarian（C） Environment and Meatless Diet（D）Saving Cattle and Chickens 25 Sometimes the biggest changes in society are the hardest to spot precisely because they are hiding in plain sight. It could well be that way with wireless communications. Something that people think of as just another tec
24、hnology is beginning to show signs of changing lives, culture, politics, cities, jobs, even marriages dramatically. In particular, it will usher in a new version of a very old idea: nomadism. Futurology is a dangerous business, and it is true that most of the important arguments about mobile communi
25、cations at the moment are to do with technology or regulationbandwidth, spectrum use and so on. Yet it is worth jumping ahead and wondering what the social effects will be, for two reasons. First, the broad technological future is pretty clear: there will be ever faster cellular networks, and many m
26、ore gadgets to connect to these networks. Second, the social changes are already visible: parents on beaches waving at their children while typing furtively on their BlackBerrys; entrepreneurs discovering they dont need offices after all. Everybody is doing more on the move. Wireless technology is s
27、urely not just an easier-to-use phone. The car divided cities into work and home areas; wireless technology may mix them up again, with more people working in suburbs or living in city centers. Traffic patterns are beginning to change again: the rush hours at 9am and 5pm are giving way to more varie
28、d patterns, with people going backwards and forwards between the office, home and all sorts of other places throughout the day. Already, architects are redesigning offices and universities, more flexible spaces for meeting people, fewer private enclosures for sedentary work. Will it be a better life
29、? In some ways, yes. Digital nomadism will liberate ever more knowledge workers from the cubicle prisons as depicted in Mr. Dilberts cartoons. But the old tyranny of place could become a new tyranny of time, as nomads who are “always on“ all too often end up mentallyanywhere but here. As for friends
30、 and family, permanent mobile connectivity could have the same effect as nomadism: it might bring you much closer to family and friends, but it may make it harder to bring in outsiders. Sociologists fret about constant e-mailers and texters losing the everyday connections to casual acquaintances or
31、strangers sitting next to them in the cafe or on the Bus. The same tools have another dark side, turning everybody into a fully equipped paparazzo. Some fitness clubs have started banning mobile phones near the treadmills and showers lest exercising people find themselves pictured, flabby and sweaty
32、, on some website. As in the desert, so in the city: nomadism promises the heaven of new freedom, but it also signals the hell of constant surveillance by the tribe. 26 We can infer from the first two paragraphs that_.（A）social changes are complex in nature（B） people may ignore wireless communicatio
33、ns changes（C） nomadism is nothing new in society（D）everybody can work outside their offices27 Which of the following is true of the future wireless technology?（A）It is beginning solving the traffic problems.（B） It will change peoples way of working.（C） It will save people a lot of time.（D）It will co
34、me true in offices and universities.28 According to the text, sociologists are anxious about digital nomadism in that_.（A）it will reduce peoples contacts with the outside society（B） it will give office workers too much time（C） it will destroy peoples friendship（D）it will cause people to lose their i
35、nterest in social activities29 The dark side of the digital products is that people may use them to_.（A）fully equip themselves（B） disturb others physical exercises（C） threaten other peoples life（D）reveal others privacy30 Which of the following best summarizes the text?（A）A new trend of wireless comm
36、unication.（B） Mobile communication improves peoples life.（C） Digital nomadism brings people convenience as well as trouble.（D）The future of mobile communication.31 World oil production is about to reach a peak and go into its final decline. For years, a handful of petroleum geologists, including me,
37、 have been predicting peak oil before 2007, but in an era of cheap oil, few people listened. Lately, several major oil companies seem to have got the message. One of Chevrons ads says the world is currently burning 2 bbl. of oil for every barrel of new oil discovered. Exxon Mobil says 1987 was the l
38、ast year that we found more oil worldwide than we burned. Shell reports that it will expand its Canadian oil-sands operations but elsewhere will focus on finding natural gas and not oil. It sounds as though Shell is kissing the oil business goodbye. M. King Hubbert, a geophysicist, correctly predict
39、ed in 1956 that oil production in the U.S. would peak in the early 1970sthe moment now known as “Hubberts Peak“, I believe world oil production is about to reach a similar peak.Finding oil is like fishing in a pond. After several months, you notice that you are not catching as many fish. You could b
40、uy an expensive fly rod-new technology. Or you could decide that you have al ready caught most of the fish in the pond. Although increased oil prices (which ought to spur investment in oil production) and new technology help, they cant work magic. Recent discoveries are modest at best. The oil sands
41、 in Canada and Venezuela are extensive, hut the Canadian operations to convert the deposits into transportable oil consume, large amounts of natural gas, which is in short supply.And technology cannot eliminate the difficulty Hubbert identified: the rate of producing oil depends on the fraction of o
42、il that has not yet been produced. In other words, the fewer the fish in the pond, the harder it is to catch one. Peak production occurs at the halfway point. Based on the available data about new oil fields, there are 2,013 billion bbl. of total producible oil. Adding up the oil produced from the b
43、irth of the industry until today, we will reach the dreaded 1,006.5 billion bbl. halfway mark late this year. For two years, Ive been predicting that world oil production would reach its peak on Thanksgiving Day 2005. Today, with high oil prices pushing virtually all oil producers to pull up every b
44、arrel they can sweat out of the ground, I think it might happen even earlier.31 Why are some major oil companies mentioned in the first paragraph?（A）To show the concern of these companies about oil problem.（B） To prove what the author said is true.（C） To illustrate the importance of these companies.
45、（D）To explain the cause of the oil problem.32 The phrase “Hubberts Peak“(Paragraph 1) here refers to（A）the time when the oil production of the world would peak.（B） the time when the oil found in the world would peak.（C） the time when the oil burning of the U.S. would peak.（D）the time when the oil pr
46、oduction of the U.S. would peak.33 What does the author mean by saying the “recent discoveries are modest“?（A）People stop searching for oil.（B） People decrease the production of oil.（C） People use less oil than they used to.（D）The oil exploitation is limited.34 The author uses the simile of fish and
47、 pond to explain that（A）new technologies can help in finding oil.（B） we should not search for oil only in one place.（C） oil can be reproduced like fish in the pond.（D）there is a peak point in oil production.35 From the text we can conclude that the author（A）is sympathetic to Shell.（B） worries about
48、the oil industry.（C） takes a neutral attitude towards oil industry.（D）is optimistic about the oil production.36 When and how much? Those are the questions on the lips of investors, bondholders, and other Federal Reserve watchers. The Fed kept interest rates on hold at its Mar. 19th meeting. But the
49、accompanying statement, in which the Fed abandoned its view that economic weakness was the greatest risk in the outlook, makes it clear that policymakers are thinking about the timing of rate hikes in order to bring monetary policy back to a neutral stance.Even so, there are other factors that argue for some rise in short-term ratesperhaps as early as June, as Wall Street expects. While the Feds words lessen the chances of a rate hike at the May meeting, they
